مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال بیست و نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 108، زمستان 1402)

Gender identity disorder describes the condition when a person identifies with a gender different from the birth-assigned sex. The cause of this disorder is still unknown, but it is believed that biological variables can play a role in its creation and development. The diagnosis of this disorder is currently based on interviews and clinical criteria, but the presence of biological evidence, especially since it is anatomically and objectively visible, is very effective in confirming the diagnosis and facilitating treatment and patient support. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the findings of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of these patients to obtain a specific brain pattern so that in the future, this disorder can be identified and treated more accurately using this knowledge. The results of this study show that there has been very little research, and in some cases, if an experiment is repeated, contradictory results have been obtained. This is because in these studies, analyzes were done without considering confounding factors and with small sample sizes. Therefore, to achieve a specific pattern of brain morphology changes related to this disorder, there is a need for wider and more comprehensive studies.

A serious health issue is substance abuse and relapse rates in the world. Relapse rate among substance users being under remission is very high. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the recurrence of substance use in women.

This systematic review study through various search strategies sought electronic databases for relevant studies. The electronic databases included Comprehensive Humanities Portal, the specialized bank of medical articles, the Iranian Research Institute of Science and Information Technology, Noormags, Magiran, Irandoc, Scientific Information Database (SID), PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar. These articles were published in 2016 up to 2022.

During the process of probing, 3455 articles were identified. After exploring the titles, abstracts and the full texts of the articles, 34 articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The findings of 34 articles indicated that the most frequent factors among various researches are unemployment, interpersonal problems such as divorce, death of spouse or family disputes, cravings during abstinence, easy and cheap access to drugs, negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, lack of sufficient social support, pleasure-seeking, maladaptive coping strategies, and physical pain. These factors classified into four categories (individual, interpersonal and social, structural, occupational and economic).

It is effective and practical to design interventions to reduce the substance use relapse in women under remission based on the findings of this study.

Domestic violence has been considered as a common and major problem threatening the mental and physical health of the victims, and is one of the most important sources of stress within the family. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of mother-in-law abuse referred to Fars Forensic Medicine from 2016 to 2018.

All the cases of mother-in-law abuse confirmed by the official experts of Shiraz Forensic Medical Examination Centers during the years 2016 to 2018 were investigated.

In the present study, showed that the frequency of mother-in-law abuse was 20.4% in 2016, 35.9% in 2017, and 43.7% in 2018. The highest frequency of education for the bride was a bachelor's degree (38.8%) and in the mother-in-law, it was a diploma (28.4%). The most frequent marital status in the case of the bride was living with her husband 67% and most of the mothers-in-law were married 63.1%. In this study, a considerable proportion of the mothers-in-law were living apart from the bride (61.8%). Also, 96.1% of the subject brides were residents of the city, and age was found as a major risk factor for being the victim of domestic violence.

Based on the findings of the present study, physical violence was less common, and psychological violence was shown to be more common. In most cases, the differentiation of the types of violence is difficult because most of the violence occurs at the same time. Training communication skills and conflict resolution for couples can be effective in reducing domestic violence.

 Domestic violence against women is prevalent. It has personal, social, physical, and spiritual effects on women. It is necessary for women to be aware of domestic violence. This study aimed to determine married women's awareness and attitude toward domestic violence in Kerman City, Iran.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on women referring to the comprehensive health centers of Kerman city, Iran in 2022, using Convenience sampling method. The self-administer questionnaire consisting of two sections containing demographic data and valid and reliable questionnaire on domestic violence against women was completed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive indicators including mean, standard deviation, and frequency were used to description. Data analysis was done using non-parametrictests including Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's correlation tests.

 The mean score of awareness regarding violence against women was 8.46 (range: -14 to 14) and the mean score of attitude was 25.12 (range: 5 to 40) in this study. There was a significant negative relationship between the attitude score and the individual's age (P>0.05), the spouse's age (P<0.001), and the number of children (P<0.001). There was a significant relationship between the level of education and the score of awareness (P=0.015) and attitude (P=0.016). Also, there was a significant relationship between the spouse's education level and the knowledge score (P<0.001), and the attitude (P=0.019) score. The person's occupation had a significant relationship with the knowledge score (P=0.001) and attitude score (P=0.003).

Comprehensive policies should be implemented to empower women by educating them about domestic violence and encouraging them to be more active in the community. A higher level of education and having the job is also important

Considering the importance and prevalence of ependymoma tumor, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual and urinary disorders in patients with ependymoma tumor before and after surgery in Isfahan city, Iran.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in 1402. In this study, the files of all patients with ependymoma tumor undergoing surgery who had referred to the teaching hospitals of Isfahan, Iran in a period of 9 years were examined. The sampling method was census and included 42 patients. Data was analyzed by SPSS software.

45.2% of the patients were male and the mean age was 43±16.46 years. 75.9% of patients had spinal ependymoma tumor. Sexual disorders after surgery decreased from 37 people (88.1%) to 28 people (77.8%), and urinary disorders after surgery decreased from 24 people (57.1%) to 15 people (41.7%). However, there was no significant difference in sexual and urinary disorders in patients before and after surgery (P>0.05).

According to the obtained results, rehabilitation and psychological measures and strategies should be used to reduce urinary and sexual disorders in patients with ependymoma tumor.

With respect to importance of anthropometric parameter recognition in medicine, dentistry, archeology studies and industry in different races, and the other hand need of these studies in the different regions of the country, present study with aim of craniofacial parameters determination in Kashanian young people and evaluation of its relation with gender was designed.

Four hundred and twenty-five health young people (250 males and 202 females) which ranged in age from 20 to 35 years were studied. Digital sliding caliper for anthropometric parameters of face and plastic ruler for skull circumference, face breath, and distance between two mandibles did measurements of twenty skull parameters.

According to anthropometry, the skull of a male is larger and higher than that of a female. All of twenty landmarks in craniofacial region in male significantly higher than female. Sex dimorphism ratio in 20 cranial parameters showed greater values in male than female. Cephalic indexes were 78.46 in male and 77.11 in female.

Skull parameters are evidences for distinguish gender in the central region of Iran population. All of anthropometric parameters in males are larger than females. Type of head shape in this study was mesocephalic head. The results of the present study can be used as a forensic tool for identification of unknown crania.

The persistent rise in road accidents has become a paramount concern, drawing the attention of policymakers and planners due to the consequential human and financial losses. The reported statistics on driving violations and deliberate or unintentional damages inadequately encapsulate the full spectrum of infractions. Rather, incidents stemming from violations and unintentional driving errors frequently surpass the officially recorded statistics.

This study's principal aim was to investigate the causes of contrived accidents, referred to forensic medicine, and devise preventive strategies within the Hamedan province. The study encompassed two distinct segments. The first involved an examination of case files concerning individuals responsible for contrived accidents spanning from 2011 to 2018, totaling 195 cases. The second segment comprised insights gathered from professionals, including experts in insurance, judiciary judges, forensic medicine specialists, and university professors. A selective and snowball sampling method identified 33 participants. Data analysis employed exploratory factor analysis, and SPSS served as the primary analytical software.

Through analysis, six pivotal factors emerged as influential in the inception of contrived accidents. These factors, ranked in order of significance, encompass economic aspects, laxity in regulatory laws, shortcomings in insurance legislation, socio-cultural elements, the criminal history of perpetrators, and psychological determinants.

The conducted investigation into the origins of contrived accidents highlighted the pronounced role of profit-centric motives in their occurrence. This factor appears correlated with the personality traits and motivational drivers of individuals.