Journal of Composites and Compounds
Volume:3 Issue: 7, Jun 2021

A synergetic effect of nanocatalyst and ultrasonic irradiation was examined for the synthesis of 4H-chromenes from benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and malononitrile. It was observed this contributory improved the reaction that was used for the synthesis of the highly pure products in short reaction times and highest yields. The nano-composite includes the guanidine anchored on to magnetic NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were used as the active base nanocatalyst for the sonication synthesis of 4H-chromenes compounds. The product was separated with simple filtration and purify with recrystallization by ethanol solvent. After completing the reaction, a nanocatalyst was collected and reused in 6 runs of model reaction. This nanocomposite has a magnetic core and a very active base surface area shell. The nanocatalyst was provided by the simple technique and identified by using FT-IR spec-trum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). This nanocomposite was used for the synthesized various derivatives of 4H-chromenes under ultrasonic irradiation. The organic products were identified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.

Aluminum-based composites reinforced with ceramic particles have been used for many applications because of their high hardness, good wear resistance, low weight, and low thermal expansion coefficient. The Al-MgO/Mg composite was prepared in the present study. The effects of milling time and amounts of initial Mg and MgO were studied on the properties of the composite. The milled powder mixtures were subsequently analyzed by the XRD and SEM tests. Crystal sizes and internal strains were calculated using XRD data and the Williamson-Hall equa-tion. The hardness of samples was measured by the Vickers method. The results showed that the lattice parameter significantly increased by increasing the amount of Mg. During the milling, the crystallite size, and simultaneously internal strain and hardness increased by increasing amounts of Mg and MgO. The results also showed that the effects of Mg on the composite properties were higher than MgO particles.

The high-temperature oxidation resistance of low alloy steel affected by the cladding of austenitic stainless steel has been investigated in this study. For this purpose, Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) technique was used to prepare a proper layer of AISI347 on the surface of ferritic steels. The microstructure and morphology proper-ties of the alloys were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) techniques. Results demonstrated that the construction of oxide shells on the surface of non-modified ferritic steel was responsible for its low resistance in contrast to the oxidation at high-temperature conditions. The oxidation screening of coated and uncoated samples with tuning time at constant temperature showed the increased oxidizing intensity of both materials. Conversely, with tuning temperature from 850 to 950 oC at a constant time, an abnormal increase was observed in oxidation intensity. The corresponding kPs of the uncoated sample was determinate 1.27708×10-8, 3.267×10-8, and the corresponding kPs of coated material was determinate 54.5×10-10, 6.6×10-10. The performed investigation proved that the formation of oxidized compact needle microstructures in the resulting alloy is the reason for the extraordinarily oxidizing resistance of austenitic stainless steel.

Composite electrodeposition or Electroplating is a process primarily applied in the industry through which metal substrates are coated with an additional phase, such as low-thickness films of a range of metals. Lately, the ad-vent of coating based on metal matrix through deposition has been vital because the superior hardness has more improved wear and corrosion resistance than alloy-based or pure coatings of metal. Nickel is an engineering material, which has been broadly utilized for metal matrix applications. This paper summarizes recent research on the electrodeposition of nickel matrix composite coatings with borides ceramic particles. Some of these particles are ZrB2, BN, TiB2, Ni3B, CrB2, etc. in the nickel matrix. In addition, the most important results achieved in the field of these composite coatings were collected in this review.

Nanocellulose, the most promising bionanomaterial, is obtained either from the degradation of natural polymers or by the activity of bacteria and microorganisms. These biomaterials present various advantages, including full recyclability, biodegradability, and lack of harmful effects on the human body and environment. Furthermore, nanocelluloses are candidates to fabricate thin transparent layers, fibers, hydrogels, and aerogels due to their remarkable optical, thermal, and mechanical behaviors, including high crystallinity, Young’s modulus, and porosity content. These exceptional properties present the superb potential of these materials for the device of environmentally engineered tenable products. This paper presents an outline of the contemporary nanocellulose research works as well as details and information on the nanocellulose materials, especially the synthesis process of composites, along with the areas in which these materials can be utilized, such as energy, flocculant, pollution sensors, and catalysts, to respond to the rising requests of these materials.

Composites based on polyoxometalates (POMs) have been increasingly attracted by many researchers due to their multitudinous architectures and excellent redox activities as well as outstanding proton and electron transport capacities. Lately, much research has been done on POMs composited with well-porous framework materials (including ZIFs, MOFs) or conducting polymers, carbon quantum dot (CQD), graphene, carbon structures (e.g. carbon nanotubes (CNTs)), and metal nanoparticles (NPs). The results exhibited improved stability and enhanced electrochemical performances. Hence, developing POMs and POM-based composite materials (PCMs) has long been a topic of interest for chemical researchers. Herein, the properties and applications of pristine POMs, doped POMs, and composite-based POMs are reviewed in detail. The various compositions of POMs with sensing ap-plication such as POMs-nanocarbon composites (POMs-graphene composites and POMs-carbon nanotube com-posites), POMs-conductive polymer composites, and POMs-metal composites are also investigated in this review

In recent years, various drug carrier nanomaterials have been investigated to improve drug delivery systems in cancer treatment. However, an ongoing requirement exists for more beneficial therapeutic materials, yielding rapid clearance, high capacity for reducing systemic toxicity via specific-tumor targeting, and superior drug sol-ubility. Given that, carbon allotropes, including Active Carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and graphene oxides (GOs), nanodiamonds (NDs), fullerenes, carbon nanohorns, soporous carbons, and carbon dots, have been studied owing to their high thermal conductivity, rigid structure, flexibility for modification and func-tionalization, adequate surface-to-volume ratio, and high biocompatibility. This review aims to overview recent advances in applying different carbon allotrope composites in drug delivery-based cancer therapy systems.