فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 43، تابستان 1400)

The most important part of the software infrastructure in a smart city is its software platform. The software platform for smart cities includes a centralized middleware environment that defines application developers in the design, implementation, deployment and management of applications for smart cities. The study seeks to explore the requirements of a comprehensive software platform for the city to study and find the main challenges and open source problems in developing the generation of such operating systems. The results of this study showed that the platforms in smart cities in the cities have disadvantages and lead us to develop a new reference platform. The four main components of this reference platform are CPS, IoT, BD, and cloud computing. This new pattern can be designed and localized as a reference platform by engineering companies. According to experts, there is no comprehensive software platform for intelligent Kerman city management that should be based on the intelligent city management system. The lack of a comprehensive architecture platform in the city has prevented the data produced by a few sensors being used virtually. Ten factors of rapid development of such platforms prevent smart cities that should be considered by their designing companies. These problems include privacy, data management, heterogeneity, energy management, communications, scalability, security, laboratory deficiencies, urban models, and platform maintenance.

Each crime has a location and time frame that distinguishes it from other behaviors and causes criminal behavior in the same unit not to have the same spatial distribution. And car parts) in the city of Ilam to identify the spatial patterns and causes of the focal points of each of the robberies. is. The information required for the research is provided by documentary method. For this purpose, 7071 cases of robbery registered as statistical population were studied. By using statistical tests in the ARCGIS environment, the focal points of the robberies in Ilam have been spatially analyzed and analyzed. It occurs in the late hours of the night and is related to the urban environment, the suburbs and the settlement of the upper and middle classes of society and the poor economic situation in Ilam. The most important crime laws in the city are in the east-west direction and elongated, which makes it seem unlikely to have happened.

In this regard, in the present study, using survey-field approaches, while using the SWOT technique, the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that can affect the development of tourism in the region from a political perspective; Has been analyzed and analyzed. Based on this, in order to identify and determine the priority of the factors affecting the tourism of the region by compiling a questionnaire in the form of Likert scale, 40 questions were designed with physical, natural, economic, political and security approaches and modified and targeted by surveys of local experts and managers. . Questionnaires were distributed and completed to 200 people (30 professors and tourism experts, 85 tourists, 40 natives of the region and 45 employees of tourism and travel agencies). The results showed that the selective approach in formulating strategies and strategies for tourism development in the Arvand Free Zone from a political perspective is the minimum-maximum approach or review strategies (WO) that aims to use external opportunities and capabilities to strengthen and promote weakness. Are the areas that this area is facing in tourism planning.

Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study and analyze the strategies to create a mechanism for the entry of Tehran into the process of globalization. The prevailing approach is qualitative research space and type of applied research. The Delphi method has been used to investigate the strategies for creating a mechanism for the entry of the metropolis of Tehran into the process of globalization. In order to analyze the information, first, using interviews with elites and experts, the main dimensions and categories were determined and then each of them was interpreted. According to the results, 49 concepts were extracted from the interview texts in the open coding stage. In the next stage, the primary codes became secondary codes due to their large number, in this stage, the indicators became two main dimensions (national macro policies and urban management policies) And 12 categories (improving the business environment, creating free trade zones in different parts of the country, concluding international and regional trade agreements, Combining the private and public sectors, the government's presence in creating infrastructure, attracting domestic and foreign investment, membership in the World Trade Organization, the priority of globalization with the economy, increasing the powers of the provinces in managing affairs, developing and expanding advanced production services, reduce the migration of non-specialists to Tehran, by improving the business environment, ease and attracting foreign investment) were divided.

Due to their geopolitical position in the Persian Gulf region, Iran and Saudi Arabia are among the most important regional players in Southwest Asia. These two countries have been considered as a kind of regional rival for many years, and this competition has reached its highest level in the present era. On the other hand, the two countries are of strategic and geostrategic importance due to their strategic position in the region. This article tries to study this issue by focusing on the above approach and in a research holism at the strategic level, and finally,The geopolitical and ideological rivalries between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the sensitive regions of Southwest Asia, especially in the Persian Gulf region, and the recent developments in Yemen and the indirect confrontation in Syria, are a manifestation of the prevailing pattern of conflict in the region. considering the promotion of the geopolitical conflict between the two countries to the level of direct threat and possible future confrontations, quality and level Assess the threats of the southern neighbor against Iran's national security over a five-year period. Finally, strategic solutions for the topic are presented.

Iran is a country with an average rainfall of about one third of the world's average rainfall, and is severely under water due to water resources. Therefore, improvement of water use efficiency based on production in agricultural sector is very important. In this regard, the simulation of plant growth stages and, as a result of the need for forecasting, will result in better planning and more efficient management in the production process.Nowadays, tools are needed to help irrigation system designers to optimize irrigation water management in agriculture; Therefore, the FAO, with the development of the Aqua Crop model, provides these essential management tools for the various agricultural sectors necessary; In this research, Aqua Crop plant model was used for water requirement of barberry cultivars. For this purpose, inputs to the model include meteorological, vegetation data, irrigation management, farm management, soil characteristics, simulation time period, and initial conditions in the field. The survey of water requirement zonation map indicates that, considering the climatic conditions, the climate of the northern regions of the country, despite the fact that it is not recommended for the cultivation of barberry, is the least water requirement in comparison with other regions of the country. The provinces of Khorasan Razavi, North and South, which are the best places to grow barberry at the moment, and the major production of barberry in these areas, are higher than other areas in need of water. The northern parts of the country also have a moderate water requirement.

The city as an integrated entity requires a strong organization with integrated management.The development and expansion of urban centers around the Tehran metropolitan area has caused some problems within the metropolis. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors in the failure to realize the integrity of Tehran metropolis management. The current research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection is done using library and field studies (distribution of questionnaires), and methodological techniques are used for analysis. The statistical population of this study is 30 experts from Tehran University of Technology. The results of this study indicate that, using factor analysis method, 5 factors out of 52 indicators and 66.5% of variance are explained. Also, the results indicate that the first component of the municipality's revenue earned through massive conglomerates and massive construction of 0.749 component second-hand industrial over-expansion in the immediate urban area and a violation of the 0.909 rules, the third component of the decision-making centers Urban problems and their interactions 0.829, the fourth component of the lack of cultural and social per capita in most urban areas (number of cinemas, library) 0.970 and The fifth component of the traditional approach to addressing the infrastructure and physical problems of the city, including highway construction and construction of bridge bridges of 0.854, has been identified as the most effective factors in realizing the integrity of the minds of urban managers and experts.

The Islamic city has a treasure trove of deep mystical meanings and divine wisdom because this city is rooted in the profound foundations of spiritual and divine thinking, and the face of it is a fact that is beyond the universe of the modes; since religion can not emerge and manifest except by forms and Thus, the mentioned space in Islamic civilization is more of an internal meaning and virtue; the "environment" implies meanings and concepts to the human mind, and as a result, it reminds and values ​​its values. In this research, factors The manifestation of mentioning in the urban space has been explained to create the mentioned space based on the Islamic-Iranian attitude. With the exploratory approach to the concepts of creating the mention, using the authoritative interpretations in this field, the search for scientific and religious literature was extracted. Then, with the semi-structured interview with the elite of this theme, the coding of the extracted concepts has been done and analyzed. The results show the relevant concepts of "mention and subject" as well as "mention and audience" and their relationship. The final model shows that the concept of "spirituality and thinking" is a priority and the continuation of their application in the design of spaces is necessary. Considering this point, the proper positioning and measurement, in terms of time and space, the space of manifestation Finds.

Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that most cities in the world face. This issue is generally exacerbated by the most widespread ill-considered human interventions in the natural environment, including unregulated constructions in the fault area, lack or disregard for construction rules and standards. The need to reduce the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes is considered as one of the main goals of physical planning, urban planning and urban design. In this regard, the first step was to identify the vulnerability of elements and components of urban space and evaluate it based on existing models to identify vulnerable areas and urban textures to reduce the effects of earthquakes. In the present article, with basic studies and theoretical foundations related to the subject and the study area, the required database was formed in the ArcGIS software environment, and then by creating effective layers involved in the analysis and evaluation process for each cluster. Separately, the fuzzy model was implemented and finally the final vulnerability zoning map was obtained. Vulnerability assessment of land uses has been done according to the conditions of the study area. Finally, the vulnerability of Kermanshah metropolis according to quantitative and qualitative criteria using ArcGIS software and Fuzzy model as a vulnerable zone map is identified and ways to reduce vulnerability are investigated. And the results of the surveys are presented based on the location of the area.

Examining the social and political developments from the time of constitutionalism and the subsequent formation of the modern state in Iran until today, we can mention the government-nation divide as the deepest and most active social divide in Iran, with many small earthquakes. And great on the body of society and the political structure of the country, whether in the form of revolutionary and destructive uprisings or reformist social and political movements, all have taken place on this great fault. Undoubtedly, many of these developments, from the constitutional movement, the nationalization of the oil industry to the Islamic Revolution of Iran, and even after that, the formation of reformist movements such as June 2, 2006 and even the riots of 1996 in the country except with fashion Comments such a gap can not be analyzed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distance and non-fulfillment of the slogans of the governments based in the Islamic Republic of Iran with their actions on the proximity or gap between the government and the nation according to the Buzan security model. In this research, the subject of Barzan Buzan security model was investigated using a descriptive-analytical method. Studies have shown that the gap between slogans and actions and actions or non-implementation, slogans of governments based in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the last four decades shows the gap between government and nation and the lack of security in the political-economic and environmental dimensions. In society.

Abdul Malik ibn Marwan, the fifth Umayyad caliph, had several important political and economic events when he came to the caliphate, which led to the re-establishment of the Umayyad rule. His political rival at the time was Abdullah ibn Zubayr, who claimed caliphate over the Muslims and ruled from Mecca over Iraq and some eastern states. The successive revolts of the Kharijites and the Iranians joining foreign groups and accompanying them, along with the revolt of Ibn Ash'ath and the accompanying of the Iranians and Mawlawi with him, are important political and social events of the time of Abdul Malik. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the political, social and economic changes in Iran during the caliphate of Abdul Malik bin Marwan (65-86 AH). This study aims to answer the question of what political, social and economic changes have taken place in Iran during the caliphate of Abdul Malik bin Marwan? He used the method of descriptive-analytical research and theoretical foundations of historical geography, which was done in a library and documentary manner. After analyzing the information, this result was obtained: The most important political changes are the selection of Hajjaj bin Yusuf Saghafi as the agent of Iraq and the East and the elimination of Zubairians, the political rival of the Marwanis, as well as long battles with the Kharijites and the killing of many of them.

The main purpose of this study is to assess the quality of housing architecture in Tehran in regions 1 to 3 during the years 1357-1377. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical method and using questionnaire tools and SPSS software to measure the criteria, while using Expert choice software to score and relative weight of each index. In this regard, the research results indicate that, according to the one-sample t-test, the quality of housing architecture during the years 1357-1397 in areas 1 to 3 of Tehran is equal to 3.21 and 2.81, respectively, and indicates that That housing architecture during the years 1379-1379 has had better desirability and satisfaction than the following years, also scoring the quality of housing architecture during the years 1357-1399 equal to 0.648 and during the years 1380-1397 equal to / 187 It has been 0, while the weight of the relative index during the years 1357-1397 in the quality of housing architecture in Tehran is 0.544 and during the years 1380-1397 is equal to 0.254. Therefore, these figures indicate that the quality of residential architecture during the years 1357-1379 has been more appropriate than in recent years.

The present study was conducted with the aim of statistical analysis of the role of e-government in the implementation of quality oil export lines of the Ministry of Oil of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Kharg Island Oil Terminal Company in 2019. The statistical population in the present study was 1500 employees of Kharg Island Oil Terminal Company, of which 306 people were selected using Morgan table. The research method in this research is based on inferential descriptive.In the present study, a simple random method was used to select the sample. The face validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using the opinions of the supervisor and group professors and experts and using the Delphi technique. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 85%, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the measurement. Findings showed that due to the rapid development of government responsibilities in implementing the policies demanded by society, the use of advanced technologies in the form of e-government, as well as the use of sensitive and binding roles, the success of society in achieving modern models and facilitating and accelerating exports. Oil will be very urgent and effective by government agencies as well as organizations in the private sector, relying on sound statistical analysis and applied indicators. The results also showed that the roles of e-government, e-government and the implementation of quality policy have a very important relationship with the focus on the implementation of quality policy has a positive and significant effect.

Ghiasieh donkey school in Khaf city includes a courtyard that is surrounded by four porches and rooms on two floors. This building was completed almost 100 years after the construction of Soltanieh and in the last years of the life of Shahrokh, son of Timur (850 AH / 1447 AD). Soltanieh is the tallest brick dome in the world and the largest tomb in the Islamic era in Iran. Both of these structures are located in the path of atmospheric currents resulting from the geographical features of their region, which are considered as important windy areas of the country. In the present study, we intend to identify the damages and erosions caused by destructive winds as well as the geographical and climatic conditions on these two structures and to provide a suitable solution in this field. The research method used in this article is analytical and descriptive along with laboratory and library studies and also the method and tools used in the research; Examination of written documents, field and laboratory studies. The results indicate that experiments related to the effects of temperature, humidity and wind on the materials of Ghiasieh school and also comparing these results with the information obtained in relation to Soltanieh, the effect of climate and geography in the erosion of these two buildings shows well. The common spatial locations of the demolition in these two buildings and the uniform performance of the materials in each of them further confirm the issue of climate and geography .

The aim of this study is spatial-spatial analysis of social participation in the reconstruction of dysfunctional tissues of Birjand city using decision models. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and research method. Method of data collection and information in this study; It is a field and a library. For statistical analysis, Pearson correlation test, one-sample t-test and VIKOR model were used to level dysfunctional tissues. The statistical population of the study includes residents of six dysfunctional tissues in region one of Birjand with a sample size of 381 people. The results showed that the level of social participation of these contexts in urban regeneration projects is low and insufficient and the most effective factor in increasing people's participation in these contexts; It is a component of transparency and confidence building. Leveling of dysfunctional tissues in terms of social participation in urban regeneration with VIKOR model showed that Javadiyeh and Kargaran neighborhoods with Q values ​​of 0 and 0.21, respectively, in the first and second ranks (optimal status) and neighborhoods Chahar Drakht and 17 Shahrivar with Q at the rate of 0.442 and 0.584 in the third and fourth ranks (semi-optimal condition) and the neighborhood of Tehdeh with the value of Q at the rate of 0.722 in the fifth rank and the neighborhood of Musa Ibn Jafar with Q to Value 1 and weakness in the indicators of spatial belonging, transparency and trust building, social cohesion, willingness to

The purpose of this study is to present a model for the development of competitiveness of agricultural production companies in Fars province. In this regard, the existing components in the competitiveness management development model with a combined qualitative and quantitative approach have been identified. The study population in the qualitative sector includes experts in the field of competitiveness with a focus on the agricultural sector and in the quantitative sector includes all managers of agricultural production companies in Fars province, in other words, 188 managers. The sample size in the qualitative part includes 10 experts and in the quantitative part according to Cochran's formula, 64 people were considered. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part were used, the validity of which was the validity of the content by experts and the validity of the structure and structure by confirmatory factor analysis in smart pls2 software The data distribution was confirmed and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability in SPSS23 software. In order to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Friedman test and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling tests were used. The results showed that the components in the competitiveness management development model are the lowest priority to the highest priority in the form of special facilities and food security, optimal allocation of resources, strategies and operational strategies, internal production factors, competitiveness management, labor and employment, respectively. Product innovation and diversity, relative competition.

The purpose of this study was to explain the native model and evaluate it in the neighborhoods of Zanjan. In this study, according to the purpose and nature of the research, the combined research method was used in two formats: data foundation method and structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research was the experts of the scientific community and academic experts who were conducted by purposive sampling method with 12 semi-structured in-depth interviews. Statistical population in the quantitative part of the study, including residents of neighborhoods in Zanjan who were selected by cluster sampling method and purposefully 25 neighborhoods. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as the sample size and a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed in the neighborhoods. The results of the qualitative section showed that the social development model of Zanjan includes 5 dimensions, 19 components and 52 indicators. After presenting the model, it was hypothesized based on 5 extracted dimensions and the effect of the dimensions of solidarity and social harmony, social justice, quality of life, social security and social development ethics on social development in Zanjan using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software Was evaluated. The construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated along with the combined reliability. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the dimension of social solidarity and harmony is 0.727, the dimension of social justice is 0.513, the dimension of quality of life is 0.770, the dimension of social security is 0.411.

The hypothesis is shared by the third generation of human rights. Therefore, the researcher has to deal with international law issues, sustainable development of the environment, and the effects of the use of fossil fuels, which should be the concept of the environment from the concept of soft, The whole world of law becomes international. If the path to global development is to use more energy and the possibility of environmental pollution, it will take a large part of the minds of scientists Allocated complex social relationships and the type of behavior and interaction of man and the environment And the negative effects of human intervention in the natural order require the rule of law and its enforcement, and this issue is true both in developed and developing societies.The environment is an issue that can no longer be discussed and acted on as an island today.The environment is an issue that can no longer be discussed and acted on as an island today.

A closer look at the findings of previous home business research always raises the fundamental question of what pattern or methods do home-based businesses use to organize and develop their marketing process? Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to design a marketing model for home businesses in which, while theoretically participating and developing the boundaries of marketing knowledge in home businesses, as well as practical participation and modeling of marketing activities of such businesses using a qualitative approach, with innovative research. And creating an effective convergence between the two fields of marketing and entrepreneurship will explain how and what is the marketing process and its components in home businesses in the handicraft sector. The results showed that based on the data paradigm model of the foundation, home business marketing as a central category based on the conditions of the entrepreneur, creating competitive advantage, developing innovation, resource management, improving the work process, focusing on opportunity resources and taking advantage of approaches Scientific and strategic; Strategies and actions based on business management, communications, customer, behavioral reform and training; Underlying conditions with cognitive, normative and regulatory approaches; Internal, external, functional and structural intervention conditions; And is structured with individual, organizational, and socio-cultural consequences.

Today, the impact of technology growth on the lives of our people and society is significant, inevitable and also worrying. The role of urban public spaces in social life has become less important and significant. Not much attention has been paid to the issues of social life in public spaces and relationships with the creation of a dynamic city in urban planning and design. The research method used is analytical and descriptive. The question arises as to how urban public spaces (especially squares) can encourage citizens to increase social interaction. This study addresses the effective factors from a human perspective that can help achieve a successful design of an urban public square. The purpose of this work is to understand how to improve life and social behaviors in public spaces (squares) and, consequently, to provide effective strategies in this regard and appropriate design framework. The purpose of this work is to understand how to improve life and social behaviors in public spaces (squares) and, consequently, to provide effective strategies in this regard and appropriate design framework.

Rural tourism is a valuable source for job creation and income and can be a tool for social and economic development of rural communities and support for the environment and rural culture, which provides the opportunity for economic growth and development by proper use of natural and human resources. It plays an important role in diversifying the economy of rural communities and paving the way for new opportunities in rural areas, including lucrative employment in non-agricultural sectors, increasing rural incomes and reducing income differences between rural and urban areas, reducing rural-urban migration, and Reduce the problems of big cities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the tourism development of Forge tourism villages located in South Khorasan province and to present the optimal model of tourism development. South Khorasan province, with its historical antiquity, national and world historical and natural monuments, and the diversity of handicrafts, despite these potential capacities, the important villages of the region are insignificant in the tourism economy and have no place and live in poverty. Hence, the tourist village of Forg is studied as an example. Descriptive-analytical research method with an applied purpose provides the optimal model of tourism development in the target villages. The research method is done by library study and collecting field data and distributing the questionnaire by survey method. Data analysis was performed by one-sample t-test and Tukey.

The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has undergone a hardware (structural) and software (goals and programs) transformation over the past four decades in order to highlight the role and position of the economy in foreign policy. Although this change did not lead to the stability and institutionalization of the role of economic factors in Iran's foreign relations, but as an undeniable legacy and experience, it has provided the necessary basis for pursuing economic goals in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, the Islamic Republic of Iran has not been able to make good use of the capacities of economic diplomacy due to the impact of economic-political and economic-political extra-structural conditions. Therefore, the concern of the present article is to analyze the requirements, necessities and challenges of using and exploiting the capacities of economic diplomacy. In this regard, with a descriptive and analytical method based on library studies and mass media monitoring, while explaining the challenges facing economic diplomacy in domestic and foreign dimensions, the capacities and requirements of economic diplomacy for Iran in the new conditions of the global geopolitical system (after the announcement We have considered the diplomacy strategy centered on the new US administration.

The main objective of this research is to develop strategy and prioritize strategies for sustainable development of metropolitan tourism in Tabriz. This research is descriptive-analytic in terms of applied and in terms of study method. For this purpose, using the obtained data, four dimensions of the SWOT model were determined and based on the obtained results, strategies for different situations were determined and finally using quantitative quantization matrix (QSPM) of each strategy using Multiple components were evaluated and evaluated. The score obtained from the internal factor assessment matrix was 2.53 and the external factors matrix was equal to 2.6. The simultaneous analysis of the internal and external factors matrices showed that the overall situation of Tabriz metropolitan area No. 1 indicated the need for effective use of such a situation, the adoption of aggressive strategies or growth and development (SO) in relation to the development of tourism industry in the metropolis of Tabriz. This quantitative measurement of strategies showed that among the strategies of Tediyon, the need to pay attention to the sustainable tourism planning of Tabriz city (SO7), the emphasis on the development of cultural-historical tourism of the metropolitan city of Tabriz due to the numerous monuments and the relative advantages of this type of tourism (SO5) With the highest score (5.90 and 5.85, respectively) has the most attractiveness and the strategy of establishing coordination between institutions and different sectors of government, the people, entrepreneurs (SO9) with a score of 4.90 have the least attractiveness of growth strategies Be.

Informal housing is a major challenge for governance around the world and a key issue in urban studies and urban planning. Because informal housing is not only for the urban poor, but also for the middle class and even the elite of the Third World. Therefore, there is a need for approaches that reduce the problems caused by the expansion of informal housing and prevent them from continuing to expand. To achieve this, the influential forces and drivers of informal settlements must be identified, and the potential areas for the expansion and advancement of informal housing will be identified and considered in future urban planning and the organization of informal settlement. Due to the expansion of informal settlement in the southern part of the metropolitan area of ​​Tehran and the numerous managerial problems it has caused, which is one of the important concerns of the management of the metropolitan area of ​​Tehran. In the present study, the research method is based on applied purpose and according to the nature of analytical-exploratory research and new methods of future research have been used for analysis, namely scenario. The results show that informal housing in Tehran and its territory is more than Influenced by the framework of intra-regional structures, the country itself has been affected by macro-changes and macro-policies. Therefore, considering the situation of key and influential forces, four scenarios were presented for the future of informal housing in the southern part of the capital, which are appropriate to each scenario.

Trafficking has negative impacts and results for Iran country. This research is going to answer this question that which are effective factors on trafficking phenomenon .what are its effects on security and its national authority. By using china experience at against good and current trafficking, what are resolutions in this area? Purpose of this research is recognition of effective factors to spread of in formal economy, current and good trafficking and achieve to effective mechanisms to fight against trafficking in Iran. Findings of this research show that trafficking and informal economy has negative consequences to Iran's sovereignty and economy. Trafficking could make in the lack of effective laws.so, because of Trafficking phenomenon lead to reduce of government vital incomes , imports of dangerous trafficking goods and threat of public order and social justice is important. Trafficking cause threat of authority and sovereignty of government. Current and goods trafficking in Iran lead to internal production, reduction of demands for internal production, decrease of productivity and investment in production and different parts of Iran's country and subsequently, decrease of employment and increasing of unemployment and finally reduction of government authority and sovereignty and put national security in expose threats. Method of research is descriptive- analytical and quality type. Way of information collection is use of library and English sources.

In today's world, attractions for tourist destinations have become more similar to each other due to the globalization process and focus on tangible and physical elements, particularly in urban destinations. Therefore, developing tourism destinations of Islamic cities and its ultimate goal- i.e. differentiating destinations- has now a day become a difficult and low-impact process. In addition, it also seems that focus on the situation of intangible attractions of these cities can help to develop their Islamic tourism due to the original nature and locational root of heritage and folklore in Islamic cities. The purpose of the research was to study the impacts of intangible attraction on the development of tourism in Islamic cities. In this regard, constructs and conceptual framework of the research were designed after studying theoretical foundations and research background. The research type was descriptive-survey research in which convenience-sampling method was used. The sample size was 384 citizens of arrival tourists to Tabriz City. 384 person were considered for the minimum sample size required to complete questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data and test hypotheses through Smart PLS software. Findings showed that tourism intangible attractions significantly affect the development of tourism in Islamic cities. In addition, findings indicated that tourism intangible attractions significantly affect the dimensions of developing tourism in Islamic cities including perceived value and benefits, support and participation, and sustainable development.

One of the aspects of the emergence of entrepreneurship is entrepreneurship in the field of tourism, which according to global statistics tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. Tourism businesses, like any other type of business, face challenges that require planning. One of the challenges is preparing for crises and trying to survive, and it is therefore essential that organizations prepare and plan for risk identification. In fact, organizations need to improve their resilience. The main purpose of this study is to design an entrepreneurship development planning model with a strategic resilience approach in start-up tourism businesses, which has been done with the data-based method. The statistical population consists of experimental and academic experts who were selected by purposive sampling method and the data collection process was performed using in-depth interviews. The extracted concepts were analyzed in three steps of open, axial and selective coding, and finally, by extracting, combining and combining the concepts and their classification, a paradigmatic model of the research was presented. Finally, some proposals were presented with the aim of promoting entrepreneurship development with a strategic resilience approach in start-up tourism businesses.

Bazaar, as the main economic and social center of the traditional Iranian city, has undergone various changes and transformations, but today it is also considered as a community-oriented space. Spatial configuration, which deals with how spaces are arranged next to each other and their interrelationships with each other, is effective in improving the quality and function of architectural and urban spaces. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to study the spatial configuration of traditional markets in cities based on the technique of arranging space as a community-oriented space that has vitality, which has been evaluated in the traditional market of Qazvin. The present research was applied-developmental research based on the nature and subject matter as well as being combination of simulation and descriptive-explanatory methods based on research method. After collecting data and information, depth map and space syntax theory had been used to analyze them to understand the effect of spatial-physical configuration of the case study. The results indicated that the market order due to having a pivotal system, long lines of view are highly interconnected, thus enhancing the configuration and enhancing community interactions. Also, by placing four souks at the intersection of the two rows of the main market, it transforms the concave space resulting from the intersection into a convex space and increases the social function of the market.

The world is getting closer, thanks to major innovations in the field of communication, information exchange and access, the possibility of more exchanges of cities and countries. Accordingly, the cities of world can create networks, organizations and independent organizations to benefit from each other's knowledge and experience, which is possible through urban diplomacy. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of urban diplomacy with regard to globalization capacities in Tehran. The research method was qualitative and after analyzing the qualitative content and coding with a questionnaire of 80 university experts and city managers as well as interviews with 20 experts, the indicators were extracted and screened. These comments were entered in the 2020 MAXQDA software. At first, free coding was done in the form of scattered concepts considered by experts. The results of this analysis have been done in three stages including free coding, axial coding and finally selective coding.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical status of informal settlements and factors affecting their current situation in Jafarabad town of Kermanshah. The dominant approach is the qualitative and quantitative research space and the type of applied research. Descriptive and inferential statistics (SPSS) were used for data analysis. The statistical population of the research is household heads in Jaafarabad (68000), households. The sample size was 384 using Cochran formula. The results of physical condition of Jafarabad showed that most of the informal settlements in Jafarabad had high population density. Also, in most informal settlements, the number of households in residential and construction units is higher than the average number of households in residential units in the standard urban areas. The results of investigating the factors affecting the current physical conditions of informal settlements in Jafarabad town using one-sample T-test showed that, in all the factors mentioned, the mean obtained is above the average value of 3, which indicates the extent of impact. Many of these factors contribute to the current physical conditions of informal settlements in Jafarabad. There was also a significant relationship between the effective factors and the current physical conditions of informal settlements with a significance level of 0.000. Finally, stepwise multiple regression was used to investigate the role of these factors in creating ill-health of informal settlements. The results showed that the independent variable with the dependent variable (effective management factors, economic and social characteristics) had a significant relationship at P = 0.05.

The growth of urban society has a long history, and with the increase in population and widespread migration to the city, the possibility of careful planning to meet the various needs of employment, housing, education, health, etc. has decreased. As a result, today, Intermediate development is considered as one of the efficient urban planning approaches. Intermediate development connects new structures to the urban structure and is responsible for renovation and improvement, and in a way reusability of existing urban areas and equitable distribution. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to Evaluation and Significance of intermediate development indicators in urban areas (Case study: Zahedan city). The research method is descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, in data collection, library method and field studies and Expert Choice software, WASPAS models and Mamdani Fuzzy model have been used to analyze the data. The ranking results of the indicators using Expert Choice software showed that among the indicators of mid-term development, indicators of access to services and facilities and interactions and social participation with a weight of 0.113, have the highest rank have allocated. The results of WASPAS model showed that region one is in the first place, based on intermediate development indicators. Finally, the results of ranking urban areas based on intermediate development criteria using the Mamdani Fuzzy model showed that in all intermediate development criteria in the five districts of Zahedan, districts one and five have the highest rank.

Near the Arak, the Meighan village with its own capacities can be a context for sustainable tourism based on good rural management. In this research, the village of Meighan, has been introduced in terms of geographical location, population, climate and tourist attractions. The research approach is qualitative and the research method is descriptive and analytical-survey based on documentary and field studies. To answering the research questions based on the SWOT analysis technique, 50 experts from the elite community were distributed by questionnaires. Based on the opinion of the surveyed, the SWOT analysis shows that the strengths and weaknesses in the village have become as internal factors of strategic management of 3.128 points and outsourcing opportunities and external threats of 3.486 points. Accordingly, the most important strengths of the village are: the existence of a gas supply system, the availability of natural features, and the presence of geographical attractions. The most important weaknesses are: the lack of adequate water and the disappearance of the Qanats and the decline of groundwater, the migration of people and a decrease in the population. The opportunities are: the construction of a tourist lodging, the prosperity of the tourism industry, the possibility of expanding agriculture and livestock. The threats are: the possibility of underground water drainage, water drainage and migration to the city, lack of attention to water shortage and irrigation. At the end, a table of analysis of rural management strategies based on the development of tourism in the village of Meighan is presented.

Due to geographic location, geological conditions, geomorphology, , Iran is among the most disadvantaged countries of the world. In recent years, the construction of rescue and rescue bases has been placed on the crisis management agenda. One of the notable issues before building these bases is to select the appropriate geographic location for deploying these sites. This research was conducted with the aim of optimally locating relief and rescue bases in earthquake situations in central and Chahorz district of Lamard Township. In the first step, identification of the effective factors on the location of these types of bases has been investigated. Then, using GIS Arc software, the mapping of the information layers, the classification and internal evaluation of the layers, and Finally, weighing and overlapping of the estimated layers to prioritize different points in the event of earthquake occurrences. The results indicate that it is more appropriate to have four levels of management in order to establish relief and rescue bases in the central and remote areas of Lamard County, in order to provide timely and appropriate relief in all parts of the earthquake during the earthquake. . These four levels are "the first priority of the village of Khereh (the village of cigars in the central part), the second priority of the village of Leshkun (suburb district in the central part), the third priority of the village of Name (Sheikh Amer district of Chahvarz) and the fourth priority of the village of Basardo Countryside village in the central part)

Organizing space and, in particular, geographic space is one of the main subjects of the geopolitical field. The spatial organization explains the relationship between human, space, and human activity in space which relates to the distribution, distribution and direction of economic and social activities and their interaction.The main objective of this paper is to plan and organize space in the Gulf region and Qeshm Island.The main question of this article is that what are the features and coordinates of planning and organizing space in the Persian Gulf region, especially in Qeshm? Proper organization of human activities in the territory of the land is the ultimate goal of all planning at different levels. However, in the micro level of location to maximize company profits and, in fact, better location of activities is the spatial outcomes of this type of planning. However, this arrangement plays a more ambitious goal, ie, the logical arrangement of activities in the territory of the Territory. In other words, the proper planning and hierarchical process of national planning begins ends with the development of mid-term development plans and macroeconomic planning to the level of micro-planning. The present research is qualitative in this paper, a case study of Qeshm Island has been tried using library resources and research papers as well as other scientific resources to plan and organize political, security and economic space in the Persian Gulf region.

In Western studies, POEs focus more on the functional aspects of the building, and each human product is influenced by contextual and behavioral issues. According to contemporary experts (research literature), the priority of evaluation components in Iran, respectively, includes evaluation: 1- Technical; 2- Behavioral; 3- Legal and economic; And 4- is functional. Divides post-settlement assessments into two categories: deductive post-settlement assessments and productive post-residence assessments. In post-deductive assessments, the researcher compares spaces in order to create norms or understand changes before and after the implementation of a new design. Post-deductive assessments are more likely to require objective methods, including the methods used in standardized questionnaire scales, based on which a questionnaire-based assessment was considered in this study. In this study, behavioral evaluation is considered in the fields of environmental psychological perception with emphasis on environmental psychological components and indicators in the field of spatial quality assessment. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical and based on its fundamental nature and the meta-analysis method has been used in summarizing studies and compiling study records in this regard. The research findings also point to the prioritization of factors and criteria of psychological quality of residential complexes by evaluating the performance of the foundation. Common spaces, spatial fluidity, spatial flexibility, spatial vitality, introversion, identity, stress reduction, congestion and spatial dynamics

The term social geography was first coined by the French sociologist De Royers in 1984 while reading the first volume of Ricklas' book, New World Geography, Earth, and Humans. This work has been one of the most comprehensive and prominent works in the history of geography since the publication of the works of Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Ritter. One of the main sections discussed in social geography is the social geography of urban women. Parvin Etesami is one of the prominent poets of the constitutional era and the reign of Reza Shah, whose poems in the field of literature have moral, social and political themes, and one of his prominent themes is the image of urban women, from which the social geography of urban women can be seen. Examined in his poems. In this study, an attempt is made to use a socio-geographical approach specific to women, various reactions and reflections of inferiority complexes and methods of compensation to the ruling society, according to the psychological theory of "Adler" in Parvin Etesami's poems. To be examined and analyzed.

The quality of life is a multifaceted and relative concept that is affected by temporal-spatial features and individual and social values, and incorporates objective and external, and subjective and internal dimensions. Therefore, it has different implications for different individuals and groups. Moreover, quality of life meets one of the vital needs of every individual in society and thus, it is of particular importance to examine the governments' tendency toward providing quality of life rural to maintain the population in rural areas in recent decades. This article was an attempt to examine and analyze the effect of physical and economic aspects of quality of life on population sustainability in rural settlements in the studied area. The research was a descriptive-analytical study. The studied geographical region was Razaviyeh District, Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. The statistical population of the villagers in 12 villages had a population of 2570 and a sample size of 356 rural households, which were determined using the Cochran's formula. Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the questionnaire was about 0.931. Stratified sampling was used to select the sample villages. Desk and field studies (questionnaire) were used to collect data, and structural equation modeling (SEM) and SmartPLS 3 were used for data analysis. The results showed that from the viewpoint of the villagers in the studied region, the physical aspect of the quality of life had more suitable conditions than the economic aspect.

The present article presents a part of detailed studies and research conducted in the field of architectural programming and related concepts in the field of physical planning and planning theories. It is known that the product of architecture is the result of the interaction of multilayered and multiple variables that in general or in part of the analysis include basic studies and architectural planning or belong to the composition of design process including ideation and shaping the product. Therefore, recognizing and refining the concepts related to architectural programming is essential in identifying the design process and is of great importance. In this article, It will try to recognize architectural planning and explain its role and position and its effectiveness by examining the links and relationship with physical planning, which itself forms a systematic whole. In this regard, in order to remove the ambiguity in the concepts, the definitions of planning as a whole have been refined and while paying attention to the concepts of entropy and neg-entropy in planning, in the next step, the historical evolution of planning theories and comparative study of planning types Is followed and finally by explaining the physical planning process, the position of architectural programming as well as its types and characteristics of each is determined. The purpose of this study is to determining the programmatic nature of the architectural product, which is possible and proven by identifying architectural programming as the smallest scale of the physical planning system.

Today,global statistics on natural hazards show that these crises are still dangerous for cities,despite technological advances.Accordingly,the issue of environmental crises must be scientifically addressed and because there are no adequate costs and facilities to mitigate the effects of environmental crises,Therefore,with the existing minimums,in accordance with the type of crises,cities should be planned and designed in accordance with them in order to minimize the damage of this type of disasters.In this regard,the purpose of this study is to Analysis and prioritization of effective factors in reducing the vulnerability of cities to natural hazards(Case study:Zabol city).The research method is analytical and based on library,documentary and field studies.Also,SPSS software and AMOS software and fuzzy AHP model were used for data analysis.The results of one-sample t-test showed that each of the managerial,economic,social and natural factors have a great impact on reducing the physical vulnerability ofZabol city against natural hazards.The results of linear multiple regression test showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between managerial,economic, social and natural factors and reducing the vulnerability of Zabol city to natural hazards.The results of non-parametric correlation analysis of AMOS software show a direct and significant relationship at the alpha level of 0.01 between the management factor and economic,social and natural factors.There is also a direct relationship between managerial and economic factors and social and natural factors.Finally,the results of the fuzzy AHP model showed that, among the proposed factors, the management factor with a normalized weight of 0.422 is the most important factor in reducing natural hazards.

Sustainable development of a country based on local criteria and priorities contained in the upstream documents, including the Economic, Social and Cultural Development Vision Document of the Islamic Republic of Iran 1404 in all economic areas, including the automotive industry. The sustainable development of a country in the automotive industry is based on components such as privatization, good governance, transparency and the fight against corruption. The existence of state ownership or state-owned interventions in the automotive industry has become a major challenge for a variety of reasons that exacerbates corruption and slows down the possibility of good governance, which is one of the key components in achieving sustainable management development. Makes. The main question of the present study is what are the legal approaches to government intervention in the period of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the automotive industry according to the components of sustainable development management? The result of the present study, which has been done with a descriptive-analytical approach, is that in different periods of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the approaches governing government intervention in the automotive industry are divided into three categories: environmental protection, consumer protection and protection Or restored economic order are divided. However, of these three approaches, government intervention in Iran in the automotive industry, which is mainly aimed at maintaining or restoring economic order, not only did not have objective and legal results in the field of sustainable development, but also led to the development of corruption. Has been.