نشریه پژوهش در علوم زیستی و فعالیت بدنی
پیاپی 8 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

Students are one of the most important sections of society and play a key role in the future of society and its development. In this regard, the ability to maintain balance in them to achieve its goals is essential. The aim of this study was to compare the semi-dynamic balance between students with hyper lordosis and hyper kyphosis in Reagan County aged 11 to 16 years.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with statistical population of students in Reagan. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 90 students including 45 students 11-13 years old and 45 students 14-16 years old in three groups of students Hyper Lordosis, Hyper kyphosis and healthy students (Age: 13.83 ± 1.68, Height: 15.88 ± 1.21, and Weight: 50.85 ± 1.23). we used the WAY test and their students' spinal curvature was measured with a flexible ruler. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA for data analysis (P <0.05).

The findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the means calculated in the study for all students among the three age groups. But there is no significant difference between anterior hyper kyphosis and healthy students for both age groups and healthy and hyper lordosis students in the 14-16 age group.

The results showed that having an anomaly for a group of students increased balance but this was not true in all respects.

 Overweight is recognized as one of the biggest health problems in the world. Obesity not only causes limitations in life but also causes many metabolic and respiratory diseases. The best way to reduce this obesity is to balance the energy consumed and consumed. The purpose of the present study was to compare the aerobic and Pilates exercise with weight loss diet on respiratory and anthropometric indices of overweight and obese women.

This experimental study was performed as pretest and posttest in Tehran. Women in their 30s and 50s who were overweight and obese (BMI above 25) were randomly selected and were divided into experimental groups (n = 10) and control (n = 11) (n = 21). Participants in the experimental group were involved in aerobics classes for 8 weeks (3 times a week) and they also went on a weight loss diet. The control group did not have any activity, but they were also given a weight loss diet. Body composition and spirometry were used to measure body composition (Weight, body mass index, lean mass and body fat percentage) and respiratory indics (Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Forced vital capacity), respectively. Then, using SPSS software version 21, the data were analyzed with t-tests for independent groups.

Weight loss was significant in both aerobic (P = 0.01) and control (P = 0.04). The percentage of body fat and lean mass did not differ significantly between the two groups. Among the respiratory indicators, the volume of forced exhalation increased significantly in the first second in the aerobic group (P = 0.05). Compulsory vital capacity did not differ significantly in either group over 8 weeks (P = 0.15) and (P = 0.37).

8-week aerobic exercise with weight loss diet more effective than diet without physical activity on anthropometric and respiratory parameters and reduce the risk of obesity in people.

The fire department and its agents are considered as the main element of the Safety and Relief System. If they lack physical abilities, firefighters will face injuries, leading to undesirable relief. The core stability training improves the accuracy of the deep sense receivers and increasing the sensitivity of the feedback pathways, creating greater integration in Lumbar-Pelvic-Thigh Region. So the goal of this research was to study the effect of a 6-week core stability training on in Tehran District one's firefighters suffering from nocturnal sleep disorders due to chronic low back pain.

The present study was considered as a semi-experimental intervention. The subjects include 15 male firefighters with at least 5 years of continuous active work in Tehran fire stations, their ages range 24-28 and their average weights approximately range 75/51  10/58, and they suffer from chronic low back pain with sleep disorders; and control group is another component of the subjects. VAS questionnaire was used for assessment of pain level and it was investigated and confirmed in terms of validity and reliability. Then the experimental group performed core stability training for six weeks, including three 45-minute sessions per week. Data were collected by Yoman-Whitney and T. Wilcoxon tests; and then they were analyzed by using SPSS 19 software.

After the intervention, a significant difference was seen in the experimental group (P <0.05); however, no significant difference was seen in control group (P > 0.05). Ultimately, the core stability training led to improvement of low back pain in three modes of activity, standing and sitting.

The addition of core stability training to intra-shift functional-operational training exercises and physical fitness exercises alleviate chronic low back pain among firefighters.

Training-induced metabolic adaptations reduce in response to detraining, but data is limited to the comparison of the effects of detraining followed different types of training. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 4-week of detraining on metabolic syndrome and run time to exhaustion (TTE) in the resistance-trained men and the aerobic-trained men.

In the quasi-experimental study, 19 men (25-38 years) who are trained were assigned into resistance-trained (RT, n = 10) and aerobic-trained (AT, n = 9) groups. The groups were matched by the physical activity levels during the past 4 months (three days a week with moderate intensity), age, and body mass index (25-29.9 kg/m2). All subjects avoided performing any exercise for a month. From all subjects, the blood sample was taken in a fasted state to measure serum glucose, insulin triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels before and after the detraining. The TTE measured at vVO2max intensity on a treadmill in these time points. Insulin resistance index estimated using by HOMA-IR method. 

After the detraining period, TTE and HDL-C decreased significantly in both groups; however, triglyceride was significantly increased (all variables, P < 0.05).There was a significant increase in insulin levels with RT only (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in insulin resistance index and glucose in these groups. 

It seems like that the detraining-induced negative effects are similar to the aerobic fitness and most of the metabolic syndrome in these groups. However, the negative effect of the detraining was higher in RT (as increased by insulin) compared to AT.

The relationship between exercise and changes in body composition, estrogen and total calcium during menopause is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise period on body composition, estrogen and total calcium levels in postmenopausal women.

In this semi-experimental study, 28 postmenopausal women (mean age 55±5 years; weight 68±2 kg) were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned into three groups include resistance (11), aerobic (11) training and control (6). The aerobic training program was performed three days a week at intensity of 60 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate during eight weeks. The resistance training program was performed three days a week with constant weights and a gradual increase in the number of repetitions during eight weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the intervention, body composition and plasma estrogen levels were measured. Data were analyzed by Covariance analysis at the P<0.05.

Results showed that there was no significant difference between fat percentage, muscle volume, total weight, plasma estrogen and calcium levels in postmenopausal women in the aerobic, resistance training and control groups (P>0.05).

Based on the results of the study, it seems that longer training periods may be needed for possible changes in body composition and total calcium in menopause.