نشریه راهبردهای کارآفرینی در کشاورزی
پیاپی 15 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

Considering the developing trend of starting-up greenhouse businesses in Golestan province, it is very important to study the effective factors of resilience in these businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the resilience of greenhouse businesses in Golestan province. In this regard, a survey research method was used to collect the required information. The target population includes all 542 of greenhouse owners in Golestan Province. The samples were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from 7 Counties, and the information was collected through 221 questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated and confirmed based on the opinion of experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis method was used to identify the factors affecting the resilience of greenhouse businesses. The results showed that the five factors titled decision-making and planning ability, hope for the future, institutional supports, job security and opportunism and competitiveness explain 76.47% of the total variance of the factors affecting the resilience of greenhouse businesses. The results of compare mean tests (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) showed that the level of resilience is higher among male respondents, non-natives and respondents who depend on local market to purchase inputs. Overall, the extracted factors in this study provide a key framework that can combine the role of internal factors such as managerial and entrepreneurial skills with external factors such as institutional support and job security in improving resilience to be used in policy making of business resilience promotion.

Development and prosperity of agricultural businesses is an entrepreneurial activity in facilitating the relationship between the agricultural sector and other economic sectors in line with the goals of economic growth and development of the country is considered a necessity. The objectives of this study were to economic assessment of edible mushrooms production using profitability indicators such as net present value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), Return on Sale and Return on Investment in percentage and internal rate of return (IRR). The data of this study were related to the establishment of an edible mushroom production business in Kahrizak sanatorium for the Disabled in Alborz province by donors, which was collected in 2019 by documentary methods. The results showed that the capital and current costs of creating a 5-ton hall in the first year were estimated at 347.8 and 213.7, respectively, and a total of 561.5 Iranian million rials.  During the ten-year analysis period, the average percent of sale return and the average percent of cost return were estimated 22.1 and 28.5 percent,  respectively. The net present value of activity was estimated at 60.7 Iranian million rials with discount rate of 18% and benefit- cost ratio was estimated at 1.04. The internal rate of return of edible mushroom production was calculated to be 23.3%, that it is more than discount rate, thus, to create the edible mushroom production activity was economic in the Alborz province.

The present research aims to provide a model for entrepreneurial ecosystem growth in the context of the agricultural higher education system of Iran from the viewpoint of university students of different disciplines of agricultural studies. This study is an applied research regarding its purpose and was conducted using closed-ended questionnaires. The statistical population of the study consisted of 3781 of the university students of different fields of agricultural studies in the country. Using the Cochran formula, a sample comprising 416 individuals was selected by random sampling. To assess the validity of the research tool, a divergent validity method using AVE indicator was utilized, the amount of which for the constructs under study was above 0.5 and acceptable. In order to determine the reliability, the combined reliability method (CR) was used, the amount of which for the constructs under study was above 0.6 and acceptable. The amount of Cronbach’s alpha for the constructs under study was calculated to be above 0.7. In order to analyze the data, the Principle Component Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis methods were used. According to the research findings, among the components of the model for entrepreneurial ecosystem growth in the context of the agricultural higher education system of Iran from the viewpoint of agricultural students, the component of human capital was in the first place and the components of support, culture, policy, market, and financial capital were in the following places in that order. The findings of this research show the importance of the human capital component. Therefore, we propose the opportunity for more learning and education in the fields of entrepreneurship and startup be provided in agricultural colleges for the students of the agricultural fields of study.

Economic evaluation of historical sites located in villages, introducing and introducing it to the audience and understanding the strategic importance of such gifts is the key to planning rural development, job creation and prosperity, and production and development of ecotourism. This study estimates the willingness of visitors to pay for the protection of the historic fort of Qala-e-Rudkhan through conditional valuation with the next One-and-one-half-bound dichotomous choice method. The results showed that 75% of people are willing to pay for the protection of the historical fort of Qala-e-Rudkhan. The average willingness to pay for protection in all sample people is equivalent to 22,650 Rials and the annual welfare surplus of visitors is estimated at 38.5 billion Tomans. Opposition groups also cited reasons such as government duty (38%), payment by rural residents (6%) and participation by non-native visitors (56%). It was suggested that the amounts received from visitors be allocated on a first- come, first-served basis for repairing damaged and demolishing parts of this historic fortress to support this valuable building, and then allocate and spend it to hold programs to promote environmental protection and historic buildings. Be Preservation of this valuable historical monument will lead to job creation, reverse migration of villagers from the city to their homeland, rural economic growth, revival and prosperity of handicrafts in the region.

The complex changes and rapid developments of the last few decades have led developed and developing countries to consider cooperatives as a basis for achieving development goals, including economic development. The results indicate that many factors strengthen cooperatives, among which many researchers have a special emphasis on entrepreneurial marketing and consider it as one of the most important factors determining the survival of cooperatives, so the goal the present study identifies and analyzes the factors affecting the entrepreneurial marketing of agricultural cooperatives in Mazandaran province. Therefore, this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method and is of purposeful type, which has been done by mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative stage, the research team consists of 10 university experts who have been selected by purposeful method and snowball technique. In the quantitative stage, the statistical population included 290 managers of agricultural cooperatives. The sample size was determined to be 165 according to Krejcie and Morgan table and simple random sampling method was used for sampling. The content analysis method was used to identify the factors and the structural equation method with Smart PLS software was used to analyze the relationships. The results showed that the factors affecting the entrepreneurial marketing of agricultural cooperatives include contextual, causal and environmental factors. Also, the analysis of structural equations showed that underlying factors (0.344), causal (0.503) and environmental factors (0.258) have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial marketing.

Effective entrepreneurial activity can lead to economic development, employment, innovation and competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the global Entrepreneurship Index in the employment of industry, services and agriculture sectors in selected countries using the method of discriminant analysis in 2018. For this purpose, using the K-means cluster analysis method, the countries were categorized into two groups. The countries of the first group were the countries with low levels in terms of average employment in industry, services and agriculture, and the countries of the second group were countries with high levels in terms of average employment in these three sectors. The results of discriminant analysis showed that the entrepreneurship index is the second most effective variable in employment after the share of value added of services and agriculture in GDP. Also, with the promotion of the Global Entrepreneurship Index, which is a symbol of the health of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, employment in the agricultural and service sectors of the countries in the second group will increase. This issue emphasizes the importance of the role of entrepreneurship ecosystem in employment. Therefore, protect for the development of entrepreneurship and improving of entrepreneurship ecosystem with high growth and discovery of existing potentials with the aim of increasing employment and added value should be considered.

Today, the digital revolution has affected all behaviors and lifestyles in various aspects, and this impact has attracted the attention of the general public and businesses to this issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internet of things technological applications in the development of dynamic capabilities in knowledge-based agricultural companies in Kermanshah. The present research is quantitative in terms of type and applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive-correlative. According to the report of the working group for evaluation and qualification of knowledge-based companies, the statistical population of the study includes 59 managers of knowledge-based companies in the agricultural sector of Kermanshah province that Using the counting method and distributing the questionnaire among them, 59 questionnaires were used. In the statistics section, a description of SPSS 23 software has been made in order to analyze the data in the form of structural equation model was used Smart PLS3 software. The results showed that the technological applications of the Internet of Things with a positive and significant impact on the development of perception, absorption, adaptation, innovation and networking, with the development of dynamic capabilities in knowledge-based companies in the agricultural sector of Kermanshah has a positive and significant relationship. Agricultural knowledge-based companies can use the tools and sensors related to the Internet of Things to collect the data they need, including crop conditions, weather conditions, soil quality conditions, performance and status of manpower and equipment used.

In todaychr('39')s competitive world, the optimal use of environmental opportunities and the creation of sustainable competitive advantage are among the main concerns of companies. One of the most important techniques in creating a competitive advantage is competitive intelligence. The aim of this study was to design a competitive intelligence model in the food industry, so the combination of fuzzy Delphi method and interpretive structural modeling has been used. In this study, the opinions of 16 experts involved in the field of food industry in Tehran province who were selected by judgment and snowball technique were used. For component screening, the fuzzy Delphi method was used. Among the 39 identified indicators, the average de-fuzzy of the three indicators was less than 0.7, so 36 indicators were identified in the form of 6 components. Then, structural-interpretive modeling was used to level the identified components. The results of ISM showed that the components are in three levels and the foundation of competitive intelligence in the food industry is primarily the institutional and social components, the second component of competitors and the third strategic components, technology and market. Also, the results of MICMAC analysis showed that the components of institutional and social intelligence are in the independent cluster and the components of strategic intelligence, technology and market are in the dependent cluster and competitorschr('39') intelligence is in the autonomous cluster.

It is necessary to identify and evaluate the approaches of rural tourism development product، to recognize the environmental، social and economic effects on the quality of life of rural areas، which should be considered in the process of evaluating the development approach. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of rural life quality of Natanz villagers on rural - agriculture tourism products. In terms of the method of conducting research in general، this research is a descriptive (non-experimental) research. In fact، the method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study، including the household population of the villages of Natanz city، is 5200 people. The sample size is randomly available، and according to the Cochranchr('39')s formula، there are 358 people. A 54-item questionnaire was used to collect the data، the validity of which was confirmed by experts، and the confirmatory factor analysis method was used، and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of 0.83. Is. Smart PLS software and structural equation analysis have been used to analyze the data. The results showed that the product of rural- agriculture tourism has affected the environmental quality، with a path coefficient of 0.29 and a value of T 59.5. The product of rural- agriculture tourism has had an impact on socio-cultural quality، with a path coefficient of 0.52 and a value of 9.28 T. Also، the product of rural tourism has an impact on economic quality with a path coefficient of 0.95 and a value of 38.19 T. Accordingly، the product of rural- agriculture tourism has had the least effect on economic quality with a path coefficient of 0.95 and more on the environmental index، with an impact factor of 0.29.

TThe aim of this study was to identify and leveling the factors affecting on entrepreneurial activities of rural women in Yazd province based on interpretive structural modeling. The research method was a case study for presenting an interpretive structural model. The statistical population included key experts including faculty members and rural entrepreneurs and 25 of them were selected by purposful sampling method. In order to determine the factors, first, by examining the research literature, the factors affecting on entrepreneurial activities of rural women were extracted. And then, based on the expert’s perspectives and by putting together and combining and eliminating some similar cases, the final factors were determined. Then, in order to determine the effect of cause and effect of the extracted factors, the self-interaction questionnaire was used. The results showed that among the final ten factors, entrepreneurship education is the most effective factor in the entrepreneurial activities of rural women in the fourth level. Rural socio-cultural space is on the second level of leveling. Gender differences, institutional-organizational factors and economic factors are also at the third level. Personality traits and work experience, psychological capital, creative thinking and empowerment are also at the first and most superficial level of the model. Based on the research findings, it is suggested that according to the leveling model presented in this research, the process and order of measures taken to expand the entrepreneurial activities of rural women should be based on this model. Also, since most of the fundamental factors affecting womenchr('39')s, entrepreneurial activity is related to training, empowerment and rural social climate, t is necessary to pay attention to education and culture.

Analysis of entrepreneurial orientation and employability of Shiraz University agricultural students in order to start personal business after graduation was the main purpose of current study. Conducting a mixed method, the study was acoopmlished using quantitative and qualitative methods in 2020. The research population was all of the School of Agriculture students at Shiraz University (1874 students) that a random sample of 365 individuales were selected through stratified random samplling method. The data was collected through a questionnaire which its face validity and reliability were confrmed through the professors of the Department of Agricultural Extension and Education at Shiraz University as well as conducting a pilot study with 30 students out of the main sample. In-depth interviews with the members of Shiraz University council of employability improvement (12 individuales) were done using purposeful samplling technique in qualitative phase due to the case study. Based on quantitative findings and the structural equation modelling results, total mean, attending in workshops, entrepreneurship courses experience, startup attending experience, attitude toward favorable internship, personal development skills, business skills and entrepreneurial orientation were the effecting factors on students` tendency toward business startup. Finally, due to the qualitative findings, the strategies for improvement of students` employability at University could be presented as educational, implementation, supportive and intencive strategies.

Consumer preferences regarding tea packaging are very important in the tea packaging industry and businesses. In this study, by combining symmetric analysis method with artificial neural network algorithm, buyerschr('39') preferences for tea packaging and factors affecting it have been used to identify. Tea packaging influences consumer preferences and marketing by conveying visual and textual information. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous tea packaging characteristics with price component on consumer preferences by symmetric analysis and artificial neural network based on symmetric analysis in Sari. The required data were collected in 1397 by completing 296 questionnaires. In this research, SPSS and Excel software have been used. Based on the results of the conjoint analysis of the four characteristics of the shape, Information, price and brand. the information on the package had the greatest impact on the consumer. Also, limited information is more preferable than complete information. Relatively newer brands are more preferable to long-term brands. Using the weight obtained from the results of conjoint analysis in the artificial neural network along with the entry of income, age and amount of tea consumption variables, the results showed that the effect of information on the total model of neural network is 25%, price is 50%, shape is 22% and brand is 19% in consumer selection. In the artificial neural network model, with the arrival of the variables income, age, and consumption of tea, choose according to the income and consumption of state of mind (desires) to the mode select consumer (close to the demand), the adjustment is that, in terms of properties of individual artificial neural network model leads to a realistic show the preferences of the  consumer in the model, artificial neural network has been؛ For example, the effect of tea price variable increased from 24% in conjoint analysis to 50% in synthetic neural network model based on conjoint analysis. According to the results of the research, entrepreneurs and business owners related to tea packaging should do the packaging in the form of a combination of minimal information (brand name, consumer price and production date and expiration) in the form of cylindrical cans and high price level.