نشریه کارآگاه
پیاپی 55 (تابستان 1400)

Over the past few decades, various police organizations have used a number of technological advances to improve their efficiency and operational results, especially in reducing resources and increasing public attention and overseeing law enforcement activities. Although in the past the experiences, teachings and creativity of the police played a greater role in crime detection, today the online communication of the police with a set of tools, facilities, data, equipment and laboratories can play an important role in improving the quality of police actions in crime detection. Therefore, we are witnessing the formation of intelligent police in predicting and detecting crime.

The research method used is documentary and library method and the sources used are: books, international documents, articles and also fish taking has been used as a study tool.

Given that technology is used today in the commission of crimes by criminals, so a change in the pattern of crime detection in line with the development of technology is a necessity for the police. In addition, the use of technology helps the police to be more efficient and effective at the time of the crime. On this basis, while being able to control the situation, it will be possible to detect the crime faster and even prevent it through the police. This will lead to a change in the organization, equipment and expertise of a police station. In addition, the use of private sector capacity has been considered in this regard, which will help create jobs while reducing police costs.

Red collar delinquency is a combination of deceptive and violent crimes and red collar criminals can be white collar criminals whi plan to kill people whi are on the path to exposing their fraudulent crimes due to their mental disorders such as narcissism,anti social personality, psychopathy.

The author has used a descriptive-analytical method to explain the hegemony of the mass media and the effect of this in adopting populist preventive measures against crime.

Red collar criminals with instrumental violence,target their crimes as ruthlessly as possible through stewardship, intercession or vicegerence and despite having mental disorders, they are able to distinguish and rocognation their various actions.Therefore ,their perceptual power and mental capacity are not subjective to change and deviation and do not cause mental dysfunction.In other word ,red collar criminals understand the legal and social norms ewll and are aware of the nature of their perpetrating behavior and although the link xetween personality disorder and red collar delinquency has been proven,there is no doubt about the criminal responsibility of thers individuals;because their psychosis,narcissism, anty social personality do not cut them off from the outside word and deprive them of their volation and authority.

Historical and cultural monuments represent the history, identity and cultural heritage of a country. These buildings are of great importance both in terms of aesthetics and the development of the tourism industry. However, these buildings may be subject to destruction for various reasons, so one of the tasks of governments is to adopt policies to combat the destruction of these buildings. One of the forms of these policies is criminal policy, and on this basis, we seek to examine what Iran's criminal policy in relation to the destruction of historical and cultural property includes.

This article has been written in an analytical-descriptive manner

The policy of countries to deal with and control crime is different in terms of conditions and factors, which is referred to as "criminal policy" and can be seen in three forms of legislative criminal policy, judicial criminal policy and participatory criminal policy.

Iran's criminal policy in the legislative and judicial dimensions through punishment can to some extent reduce the crime of destruction of historical and cultural property. But in the judicial dimension, by issuing alternative sentences of imprisonment to help preserve these works and the participatory criminal policy using the support and participation of the people can be effective in preventing this crime.

Due to the transformation of the context of registration crimes from traditional space to cyberspace, which is done by computer in a different commission space, which is the difference in the material element, creates ambiguities about the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. Therefore, in this article, we seek to examine the question of whether in Iranian law, criminal responses have been developed in accordance with the crimes of registration in cyberspace and according to the differences in the conditions and characteristics of crimes of registration in cyberspace and real space?

The present study has been done by descriptive-analytical method and through library studies.

First of all, it should be noted that since the registration laws that govern the registration materials and regulations, it is necessary to make changes in the synchronization of registration laws with the needs of society, because these laws are sometimes obsolete. The laws themselves are decriminalizing and more empowering to commit crimes. In the field of cyberspace, scams and computer forgeries with notary token are unrealistic fingerprints are among the most common crimes in cyberspace. And the dispersion of related laws is related to the incompatibility of punishment with the relevant crimes, especially in cyberspace.

The cybersecurity standards are content that seeks to protect the cyber environment of the user or organization. This environment includes users, networks, devices, all software, processes, and information in storage or transmission, applications, services, and systems that can connect directly or indirectly to networks. To be. These standards include a set of tools, policies, security concepts, security safeguards, guidelines, risk management approaches, practices, training, best practices, assurances, and technologies. The main purpose of this article is to identify vulnerabilities and types of security standards in the field of cyber. Knowing and using these leads to reduced risks, including preventing or reducing cyber-attacks. This research is applied in terms of purpose. The research method in this research is descriptive (case and contextual) based on the nature and method of data collection with a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative), because in a specific case (various types of cybersecurity standards) in-depth research is Come on. Authentic library and Internet sources have been used to collect data. Accordingly, the definition of cybersecurity standard is first discussed. Then the type of standard is examined and expressed based on the conceptual model of the research. The results of this research are the recognition of various types of security standards in the field of cyber. In fact, recognizing and using these in organizations, and requiring them to be used by the FATA police team or the Computer Security Response Team, can reduce the risks, including preventing or reducing cyberattacks.

Ecocide refers to the severe, widespread and long-term destruction of the environment, which leads to catastrophic consequences such as the extinction of plant and animal species, forced migration and the deprivation or reduction of the peaceful enjoyment of life of the inhabitants of a land. . This article, which is based on documents and has been written in an analytical-descriptive manner, shows that despite the lack of a formal definition of the crime of ecology, eleven countries have criminalized it in their criminal laws. Angari and some environmental activists and jurists have also independently defined war-based or peace-based definitions, which is the basis of this research based on these definitions. . It is also shown that the reliance of these definitions on destruction and damage as material elements of this phenomenon is independent and exclusive and the thresholds of wide, intense and long duration of these elements are independent and exclusive elements and other elements such as psychological element. And the victim's personality have a non-essential role and position. Scientific and criminalization has been proposed nationally and internationally.

Mediation, which is referred to in the Holy Qur'an as the correction of the essence, is a method of confrontation between the victim and the offender, the process of which involves the participation of a person or third parties called a mediator or facilitator. The victim and the offender help to reach a mutual agreement. Mediation by a court judge is recommended by many jurists and in addition to civil matters, it also includes criminal matters (especially ta'zir punishments); , That is, mediates and seeks to answer the question of whether restorative justice can be done through mediation and reform of the essence.

The research method in the present article is descriptive-analytical.

The findings of the study indicate a significant effect of the use of mediation mechanisms in reducing the volume of cases and also the number of court appeals. Based on this, it can be concluded that mediation based on the Qur'an and Sunnah has a significant role in achieving restorative justice in the criminal proceedings.

pillar and its components. The spiritual pillar of crimes, along with materialistic and legal pillars are considered as the trilateral pillars of crimes which exist both in intentional and manslaughter crimes. In general, the spiritual pillar has been incompletely investigated in Iran’s criminal law for many reasons. Moreover; intentional crimes are more important according to the different mental status of the person who commits crimes in terms of type, intensity and rate of punishment.

Using library studies and descriptive-analytical method, as well, and through analysis of the existing information, many results were obtained in this domain.

The most important spiritual pillar of the intentional crimes is the criminal intent which per se includes two elements of awareness and determination. In the end it is concluded that the legal matters should be explained in order to completely explain the criminal intent elements and clarifying the concept and limit of awareness and determination in criminal laws and the corroborative issues of intent besides corroborative and inherent cases be also explained in general penal law or in the chapters related to special penal laws in criminal laws, the corroborative and fundamental method about the criminal intent be explained, as well, and it should be ordained that courts of law express the criminal intent based on documents and legal grounds in their verdicts.

Criminal procedure as a measure of the degree to which criminal justice systems adhere to human rights has long sought to respond to crime. Although the procedure of the criminal procedure has important goals, but the main mission of the procedure is to discover the truth in the cases. Although in the past the process of discovering the truth was simple, with the rise in crime rates and the emergence of white-collar crimes, the discovery of the truth has been challenged; This means that the complexity of the crime has also made the truth-seeking processes difficult. However, due to the mission of criminal procedure as a chapter of hostility, judges try to identify the truth in various ways and, based on that, issue a fair verdict in a fair process. Due to the fact that the public expectation from the penal system is to investigate crimes committed and restore public order, judges have been given privileges according to which they can perform their assigned duties. One of the most important powers given to judges to discover the truth is the principle of freedom of reason; This means that judges, in the position of discovering the truth, can obtain any reason. However, the prohibition of abuse of power and the prevention of arbitrariness of judges has led to the recognition of the principle of legality of the study of reason in addition to the principle of freedom of reason.

The most important legal basis for finding the approach of any criminal justice system to the phenomenon of crime detection can be seen in its formal legislative criminal policy. Of course, apart from the Code of Criminal Procedure as a general rule, in some special laws, there are provisions to determine the process of criminal investigation, the sum of which can be considered the formal criminal policy of the penal system in relation to the criminal investigation process. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the need to respect human rights and citizenship rights of individuals in the process of crime detection, such as the right to a lawyer, the right to remain silent and the prohibition of arbitrary detention.

The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and library.

In order to carry out the crime detection process efficiently, it is necessary to observe various human rights considerations such as the right of silence of the accused, having a lawyer and the prohibition of arbitrary detention by judicial officers. In Articles 2 to 7 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Iranian criminal policymaker has explained the general rules in the criminal procedure process, including the crime detection stage, the most important of which are principles such as legality, equality of persons before the law, protection of the principle of innocence and Observance of individual citizenship rights pointed out. Therefore,