پژوهشنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
پیاپی 21 (پاییز 1398)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of time perspective training on cohesive self-knowledge and stress management in Gypsy students in Tehran. The research method was semi-experimental pre-test-post-test with control and follow-up group. The statistical population of the study included 59 Gypsy students in Tehran who were studying in the sixth grade of elementary school in the academic year of 2019-2020. Thirty-two of these students were selected by targeted sampling and randomly divided into two groups (16 experiments and 16 controls). For this purpose, first the self-cognitive coherence questionnaires of Ghorbani et al (2008) and stress management of Wang et al (2007) were distributed among the mentioned students, then 32 people who had the lowest score were selected as the sample. The experimental group was exposed to the time perspective program for 10 meeting of 75 minute sessions. the control group received no training. In order to evaluate the stability measurement, the follow-up test group was followed up 2 months after the post-test run. . The results showed that the training of the time perspective training package had an effect on the self-awareness of the students of Gypsy in the post-test and follow-up stages (p < 0.001). Teaching time-saving eye training packages affected the stress management Gypsy students in the post-test and follow-up stages (p < 0.001). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Gypsy students in Tehran have problems in the field of cohesive self-knowledge and stress management, in which time perspective training can be effective.

The present study is conducted to understand and explain this initial question.: "What has been the impact of cyberspace on the families of Semnan city during the last three decades?" Adopting the Emic approach, we applied the grounded theory method and semi-structured interview technique based on theoretical saturation. 22 parents have been interviewed. The outbreak of coronavirus has given rise to this sub-question: "How has cyberspace changed the interactions of family members during the outbreak of corona virus? 178 concepts, 12 sub-categories, and 3 major categories were formed out of 1650 data. Findings show that the prevalence of COVID-19 increases the influence of the Internet in the family and consequently causes the transformation of family members' interactions. We are witnessing the formation of the "Stem Virtual Family" which is a sign of the dynamism of the family institution. Parents are divided into three categories: satisfied, dissatisfied, and desperate, and we observe the strengthening of the phenomenon of "hotel family" and "helicopter parents".

The plan for organizing street children as a part of Welfare organization efforts has been in progress for more than a decade. Understanding the effects of this plan with a comprehensive look at its challenges is the goal of this study.This qualitative research was conducted in 2016. The study population was managers, experts, educators, children and caregivers in 4 provinces of Tehran, Semnan, Kurdistan and Sistan and Baluchestan. Through purposive sampling, a sample of 124 people was interviewed and data were analyzed by thematic analysis method. A total of 11 main themes, 28 sub themes and 79 concepts were extracted. Two main themes including deficiencies of the plan and complicated charactersitics of the street children problem exceeding the possibilities of the plan were the intrinsic challenges of the plan and main concepts of irresponsible organizational and infrastructural views, shortage of budget, techniques and skills, problems of workforce and synergy of problems and insufficient services were plan’s operational challenges. Under the effects of these challenges, the plan had different outcomes. The main themes about effects were continuity of working as a response to problems of family ,education and environment, better parents-child relations because of fear of center, difficulties of parenting and intertwinded feeling of imprisonment and happiness.overall the plan faced many intrinsic and operational challenges that lead to inadequate implementation of it. It has been successful in chaging the custody of some children, but it is not good enough at reducing working rate and increasing school attandence of street children.

Children without guardians has always been a social issue. These children have been deprived of family support and custody for many reasons because they have lost one or all of the effective member of meeting their needs in life. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the lived experience of children without effective parental care in residential care centers in Tehran. The presented research is applied as a goal and in terms of the type of method is a phenomenological research. The collected tools include the semi-structured interview. The statistical population for this research are girls and boys living in residential care centers in Tehran who are over 13 years old and have at least 5 years of life experience in these centers and were selected by targeted Sampling because of interview with them get a clearer understanding of their issues and needs. MAXQDA software were used for data analysis. Results of content analysis of 7 main themes and 22 sub-themes. Lack was also identified as the common nature of the phenomenon. Findings indicated a complex perception of life in residential care centers by participants. Despite the many restrictions and supervision in these centers, they were satisfied with their lives, but they think living in these centers is the source of an ambiguous future. They demanded attention to more happiness, support and acceptance in society. Also they have a dual feeling towards family: nostalgia and sadness.

Early marriage in the past has been part of the traditions of Iranian society, and is still preserved due to the combination of some traditional and modern factors The purpose of this research is to identify the contexts and consequences of early marriage in Bahar County. The methodology of this research is qualitative and conducted by using grounded theory method. Among those with early marriage experience, 19 people were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling. Data collection method is semi-structured interview. Three-step open, axial, and selective coding has been used to analyze the data. Traditions, family poverty, dispersed family, legal legitimacy, leaving education, chastity-norm and fear of non-marriage as causal grounds, normative pressure and Parent selection as an intervening context, Gender as a contextual factor, Powerlessness, disturbance in social relationships and lack of skills in life as interactive patterns and lived experiences, and dissatisfaction with life, dropout, unwanted pregnancy, severe pain during childbirth, violence, persistence of restrictions, mental disorders, lack of ownership, extramarital relations, thoughts and attempts to suicide, abortion, escape from the home and child widowhood as a consequence of the context model is specified. " Missing childhood and experience of violence as a face of life" is the contextual model of research. The interpretation of the child's spouses from their marriages is equal to the Missing childhood and the experience of violence as a face of life.

structural violence, is One type of violence, which refers to discrimination, systematic deprivation, and institutionalized prohibitions in society. Unlike physical violence, structural violence lies in the structures of a society and manifests itself in the unequal distribution of power, ownership of resources and opportunities. As a result of some social and psychological consequences at the community level, especially for women and girls. Due to the importance of the subject, the present article deals with the role of structural violence in reducing the mental health of women in Zahedan. Data were collected by survey, The statistical population is all citizens over 20 years of age in Zahedan. Using the Cochran's formula, a statistical sample of 384 people was obtained. The results of factor analysis obtained using PLS software indicate that the relationship between citizenship culture and the smart environment is significant.The value obtained in this test is equal to 0.578, which is a positive value.This basis rejected the null hypothesis of the research and the opposite hypothesis is confirmed.Also, all aspects of structural violence (gender inequality, patriarchal system, and lack of social facilities, lack of legal protection and lack of access to equal employment opportunities) are effective in reducing women’s mental health and each has a specific contribution .