فصلنامه اقتصاد کشاورزی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

The agricultural sector, in order to develop, needs to inject financial resources and investment through two sources of consumer savings and formal and informal credit sources. Keshavarzi Bank plays a key role in the process of financing the agricultural sector in Iran. The survival of this role is highly dependent on the repayment of installments by the recipients of the bank loans, therefore, identifying and analyzing the determinants of farmers' behavior in repaying loan installments will play a key role in reducing the credit risk of loans paid by the Keshavarzi Bank. In this regard, using the information of 263 farmers in North Khorasan province that was collected in 2019 and also using a multi-group discriminant analysis model, the present study has tried to investigate the determinants of farmers' behavior in repaying the installments of loans received from the Keshavarzi Bank. The results of this study showed that the variables of having a history of receiving loans, non-agricultural income, receiving loans at the right time, having bak account turnover at the time of receiving loans, annual income, production scale, level of education, type of ownership, agricultural insurance and agricultural experience are the most important variavles in differentiating between different groups of loan repairers.

The object of this study is to investigate the effects of milk and yogurt nutrition attributes on household’s demand in Tabriz city. The Random Coefficients Logit model was applied and the required data was collected by questionnaire sampling in 10 different blocks of Tabriz in 2019. We considered the price and four attributes of milk and yogurt including amount of sugar, fat, protein, Trans fatty acid and four demographic characters including: age, income, education, child under 6 years old. The results showed that milk and yogurt attributes including fat, protein, and sugar have significantly positive impact on the average utility of people so that the desirability of customers for purchasing the products increase (decreases) commensurately to the increase (decrease) of these properties. So, this indicates that the customers prefer taste over to health considerations. However, the results of this study point out that considering the demographic parameters reduces the influence of the mentioned properties. For instance, the utility of consuming high-fat milks decreases among households with higher education, age, and income and increases in households with children under six years old. In the case of yogurt, the households with higher income and children under six years old obtain more utility while by increasing age of people this utility is going down. Also, level of education and children under six years old and some observation factors such as special illness or diet lead to rising the utility of high protein yogurt consumption whereas it falls by increasing age and income. The own- and cross- price elasticity of the seven brands revealed that the all own price elasticities were negative and less than one and the Pegah has the most elasticity.

The adaptation of the same water resources management policies in a plain or watershed due to the heterogeneity of its areas generally leads to a reduction in the effectiveness of policies. Hence, the evaluation of the adaptability of different areas of the study area with water resources protection policies can be important and necessary.The aim of the current study is to evaluate the adaptability of rural districts of Neyshabour plain to groundwater protection policies. To achieve this goal, in the first step, economic, demographic, environmental, educational, and cultural, as well as communication criteria and sub-criteria are selected, and then the weights of the criteria and sub-criteria are determined using Fuzzy AHP. Then, the status of each of the rural districts in the Neyshabour plain based on the studied index is determined using a multi-criteria decision-making method (PROMETHEE) in 2017. The results show that economic and environmenral ctritera with weights of 40 and 19%, respectively, are of higher importance compared to other criteria in the adaptability index. According to the results of this study, three the rural districts of Ardoghsh, Mazol, and Zeberkhan have a higher adaptability to groundwater protection policies than other the rural districts of plain, and the rural districts of Ghazali, Eshghabad, and Belherat are in the final ranks. In order to increase the cooperation of farmers in the southern and western rural districts of the plain with groundwater conservation programs, it is suggested to use appropriate training and incentive policies as complementary policies in these areas.

In recent years, nomad livelihoods have faced external disruptions e.g., drought, climate change, and rangeland degradation. Efficient tools are needed to help the tribes maintain livelihoods as climate change puts pressure on the ecosystem services that they depend upon. In this regard, the sustainable livelihood framework can help to investigate livelihood profile, strategies, and outcomes. The objective of this study is to determine economic and environmental outcomes due livelihood strategies in nomadic communities of Fars province using fuzzy inference system (FIS). Based on a survey of 393 households Qashqai nomads, who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling, traditional ranching is the basic livelihood style for nomads and has maintained its economic and cultural ties with nomads. The findings of the current study showed that livelihood stretegy based on traditional ranching lead to poor economic status for households and unsustainable environmental conditions for natural rangelands. While reducing the share of livestock income and increasing the consumption of fodder per capita, decrease poverty and improve the pastures quality. The results of the designed fuzzy model indicate that achieving economic and environmental sustainability is conditional on the proper combination of livelihood assets.

One of the effective factors in improving water use productivity and shortening the time required to complete plant growth is proper agricultural management practices such as changing planting methods In this research, in order to investigating of economic evaluation of seedling and hydropriming cultivation methods in comparison with conventional cultivation of corn seeds, this study was carried out as split plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in 2017 and 2018. The experiment included four planting dates (1 July, 10 July, 20 July, 1 August) in main plot, three planting methods (seed planting, seed hydropriming, transplanting) and two hybrids (KSC 260 and KSC 704) as factorial in sub plots. In this research, for economic analysis used Partial budgeting Method, benefit and cost analysis, marginal net benefit of treatments and the percent of sale return. According to the results, the mean of yield in seed planting treatment and with KSC 704 cultivar under planting date until 20 July was 12245.7 kg/ha during experiment years. Means of net income of seed planting treatment with KSC 704 cultivar under planting date until 20 July was estimated 123.6 Iranian million rial /ha. Sale return of grain maize in this treatment was estimated %70.2, that is more than treatment. Thus, seed planting with 704 cultivar in planting date 20 July as the first priority suggested in target region.

One of the serious challenges in inter-basin water transfer projects is the environmental, economic, social and political consequences of its implementation.

The purpose of the study is to identify and prioritize the consequences of the inter-basin water transfer project of Aras River to Lake Urmia in Moghan plain using the opinions of experts and specialists related to the water basin.Therefore, in this regard, the questionnaire was used to identify the effective consequences from three perspectives: environmental, economic and socio-political, entropy and TOPSIS techniques were used to calculate their weight and prioritize.

Analysis of the findings of the study by completing 30 questionnaires received, has identified 28 consequences from environmental, economic and socio-political aspects to evaluate the inter-basin water transfer plan of the study area, which includes 16 environmental consequences. There were four economic consequences and seven socio-political consequences. The results of weighting the consequences of inter-basin water transfer projects of Aras River to Lake Urmia in Moghan plain using entropy technique showed that from the environmental point of view, the consequence of reducing available water, the economic point of view, the consequence of increasing agricultural land loss and necessity food imports and the socio-political consequence of increasing the lack of attention to social water rights have the highest weight among other consequences. Also, the results of TOPSIS method showed that the most important consequences of water transfer from Aras River to Lake Urmia in Moghan plain include environmental, socio-political and economic consequences, respectively.

it is suggested that before implementing inter-basin water transfer projects, the environmental, economic and social consequences should be examined by organizations related to the water basin to reduce the amount of future damage caused by it.