نشریه مطالعات جنسیت و خانواده
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 15، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

In the realm of Islamic sciences, interpretive books are regarded as the oldest writings which have gradually developed and have interpreted verses by applying various literal, narrative, mystical, philosophical, social and natural tendencies. Due to the interaction between the text and the context, which is affected by the mediatory role of the author and his cognitive and non-cognitive elements, these books have undergone some changes. Examining the foresaid evolution is the focal point in this article to analyze whether accumulation or conceptual evolution has occurred for family-related terms. From the study of books - according to the historical sequence - it seems that in the last one hundred and fifty years there has been accumulation or evolution of concepts about a number of these terms; hence, gradually some cultural mindsets of commentators in the form of their examples or explanations or their reference to some narrations and ignoring other parts as the literal meaning of the word has been instilled in the mind of the audience of these books. The foresaid accumulation defined as the gradual integration of relatively hegemonic concepts, can be proved in the verses before the last one hundred and fifty years ago (mainly in Sunni interpretations). In contrast, the interpretations of the last one hundred and fifty years explain another evolution that applies a more tolerant as well as persuasive literature that includes more biased terms regarding the issues of women and family. In both historical periods, the influence of non-cognitive factors on the interpretations can be proved. The scope of this article is limited to the consistency and terms related to domain of Noshuz.

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of emotional-focused therapy on family performance and sexual intimacy among spouses. The sample group was selected based on convenience sampling including 28 women (14 in the experimental group and 14 in the control group) who referred to the communities of District 10 in Tehran in in 2016. The components of emotion-focused therapy were presented to the experimental group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any program. Pre-test and post-test were taken from both experimental and control groups before and after the treatment program. Hence, Family Performance Questionnaire and Bagarozi Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire were applied to evaluate family performance and the degree of sexual intimacy respectively. Moreover, standard deviation and analysis of covariance were applied to analyze the obtained data. The results indicated that family performance (roles element) and sexual intimacy had a remarkable increase in post-test scores in the experimental group (p <0.05); therefore, it can be mentioned that teaching the components of the emotion-focused approach can improve family performance and sexual intimacy.

The present study was conducted with the aim of understanding the issue of adolescent girls' presence in virtual social networks with emphasis on parent-child relationships. Applying the qualitative research method, this study collected the data through semi-structured interviews with thirty high school girls in Qom (from three high schools in three different regions) in the academic year 2019-2020 according to the typical and purposeful sampling. After coding the interviews, the results were collected in two general categories of family and personal detriments. The results indicated that the presence of adolescent girls in virtual social networks has posed serious challenges to the relationship between girls and their parents regarding the elements of authority and intimacy. Moreover, imposing conflicts between parents and children, challenging parental authority, violating parental dignity, reducing intimacy between parents and children, and degrading family values are among these challenges. The presence of girls in virtual social networks also causes personal harms, which provides the ground for challenging parental authority; furthermore, it entangles the relationship between adolescent girls and their parents with challenges.

The purpose of this article is to study the position of gender in human soul based on the principles and rules of knowledge of soul in transcendental wisdom. Gender issues have no preceding background in the history of Islamic philosophy; however, the rules and principles of the philosophical knowledge of soul in transcendental wisdom engendered a suitable analytical capacity to infer the foresaid issue. In this regard, the specific principles of transcendental wisdom, apart from providing the main ontological features of transcendental wisdom, namely the originality and skepticism of existence, not only offers a new definition of material and abstract matter as a result of the two foresaid principles, but also have created a wide scope for theoretical ijtihad and rational inference of the position of gender in human soul.  Hence, the principle of intensified motion of the soul, the compound motion of the soul, the relationship between the soul and the powers, the degradation of the soul from the intellectual order as the cause of the emergence of multiplicity, the relationship between the soul and the body and the apparent existence of the body are considered as the analytical vantage points of Sadraee's knowledge of soul in the mentioned issue. Furthermore, clarifying and explaining the principle involved in the issue as well as proving the effectiveness of the gender element in human soul and the impossibility of denying it at all levels of the soul are the achievements of this study.

In recent decades, suicide rate has significantly increased in the world as well as in Iran. The suicide rate in Iran is lower than the global average; however, in some provinces, including Kermanshah, the rate is very high, particularly among women. This study aims to construct a model for the process of reaching the experience of suicide for the semantic system of women in Kermanshah. This study was conducted based on a qualitative approach as well as underlying theory method. Field information was obtained through in-depth interviews with 14 suicidal women. According to the research results, reaching the experience of suicide in the lives of these women is a reciprocal and significant experience. Moreover, this experience is formed in the process of formation during the stages of acquaintance, internalization of the idea of suicide and taking action for suicide. Hence, the accumulation of unfulfilled desires, feelings of deprivation and frustration, failure to accomplish identity, failure in interaction with others, and feelings of narrow living are recognized as the most important reasons for suicide. Gender and honor-related issues and the role of moderators are the most significant intervening conditions in the experience of suicide. In fact, the purgatory region, with its complexity and ambiguity, provides the grounds for shaping the experience of suicide; hence, women in the process of this experience respond to it by applying strategies such as dramatic actions, endowment actions, and protest actions.

In the internal systems of countries, family and its place are treated with special importance and children rights are a subset of family rights. Moreover, children rights are reflected in the family context. Regarding this issue, analyzing the jurisdiction of governments over family and children rights is very important. Due to their close connection with examples of fundamental human rights, children rights are regarded as peremptory rules. As a result, governments cannot deviate from these examples in their internal legal procedures and regulations. This study based on a descriptive-analytical method as well as documentary library study aims to investigate the role of Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents approved in 2020 for the prevention of detriments and protection of children affected by domestic violence. It also intends to answer these questions:  Does the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents in 2020 have trend and innovation in protecting children against domestic violence? To what extent does this law comply with international documents in the case of the realization of children and adolescents interests and rights? It is stated that by approving the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents in 2020 regulations have been established about supportive measurements, providing guarantee of criminal execution in case of parents’ dereliction in conducting their duties regarding children and adolescents, specializing parts of crime investigation committed against children. A comparative study of the two documents suggests that the recent law, in many respects, provides adequate compatibility with the obligations provided by the Convention on children rights.The Convention in Iran has played an effective role in defending the rights and dignity of children; however, there are shortcomings in several areas which the most important ones  are weakness in structural coordination, enforcement guarantees, theoretical foundations and definitions, and non-deterrence of declaratory punishments.