مجله روانشناسی ورزش
سال هفتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

The ability to walk and perform cognitive tasks simultaneously is a key aspect of daily life. Performance declines in these dual-tasks may be associated with early signs of neurodegenerative disease and increased risk of falls. Thus, interventions to improve dual-task walking performance are of great interest. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on dual-task walking performance in in Man Schizophrenia patients with Depressive Disorder

This non-rMSE, score of depression) assigned to groups of intervention and control.  The aerobic exercise group participated in aerobic exercise program for 12 weeks, three sessions per week for one hour (totally, 36 sessions, 2160 minutes). Data of Pre-test and post-test resulting from the test of 10-meter gait speed under dual-task conditions were analyzed by Univariate analysis of covariance. Data of Pre-test and post-test resulting from the tests of N-back and Wisconsin card sorting analyzed by multiple analysis of covariance

Results showed that the two groups had significant differences in gait speed under dual-task conditions (p≤0.05). The Results of multiple analysis of covariance indicated that there was a significant difference between the aerobic exercise group and control group in post test scores of working memory and shifting attention.

According to the results of this study, aerobic exercise enhances executive functions and improves gait speed under dual task conditions. Therefore, it is recommended to include aerobic exercise in the rehabilitation programs of schizophrenic patients.

Todays mental features are important factors for function and health condition of athletes that urgent doing psychological intervention for improving those features. The aim of this study was to examine Effectiveness of Mindfulness training on Self-efficacy and Fear of Negative Evaluation among female volleyball player students.

Methods and Material:

 Experimental method with pretest, posttest and follow-up was used. Study sample includes 30 female volleyball player from high school of Qods city which were chosen through convenient sampling. Participates involved among two control and Experimental Mindfulness training groups. Experimental groups received 8 sessions Mindfulness training. Data were gathered by Watson & Friend Fear of Negative Evaluation and sherer Self-efficacy scales on three phases of pretest, posttest and follow-up. Data were analysed by multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance using spss 21.

Result revealed that Mindfulness training improved Self-efficacy of female volleyball player students significantly. Furthermore, result showed this intervention decreased Fear of Negative Evaluation among female volleyball player students significantly.

considering current hypothesizes and viewpoints about Mindfulness training among athletes, it can be concluded that improving some psychological features of female volleyball player students such as Self-efficacy and Fear of Negative Evaluation leads to improvement of their function and physical and mental.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of two learning by expecting to teach versus traditional learning styles on executive functions and motor learning of golf putting skill.

The present study was a quasi-experimental and was performed in two experimental groups for three days. Participants consisted of 24 adults (All males; mean age 22.58 ± 1.81 years.) who were selected convenience and randomly assigned to two experimental groups. Participants performed six blocks of 10 trials each day with 5-minute rest intervals.

The results of mixed ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and MANCOVA showed that in the acquisition phase (p = 0.07) and the response inhibition index (p = 0.06), the group of expecting to teach had no superiority to the control group, in the retention (p = 0.03) and transfer tests (p = 0.01) and also working memory index (p = 0.02), the group of expecting to teach had superiority to the control group.

In summary, it can be concluded that learning by teaching to others will improve motor learning by improving working memory. Therefore, in educational settings, it is suggested which this new style of practice can be useful.

Given the positive effect of gaming on reducing child consumption in this study following or answering this question, can virtual games through WhatsApp reduce the consumption of patients and patients with Quid-19 during quarantine?

The present study employed a quasi-experimental research design with a control group. A total of 68 children of parents with Covid-19 disease who were in-home quarantine with an age range of 8-12 years were selected voluntarily and available as a research sample and randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 33) and control (n = 35). The Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was employed to assess COVID-19 anxiety. Then physical game training for two weeks in eight 45-60 minute sessions was provided through WhatsApp for the experimental group. Analysis of covariance at the significance level of 0.05 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that after virtual exercise, in the experimental group, anxiety, physical symptoms (P = 0.001) and psychological symptoms (P = 0.001) significantly decreased.

Playing in cyberspace seems to reduce anxiety in children whose parents were in home quarantine.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of working memory training on working memory capacity and competitive anxiety in adult football players.

Research method is quasi-experimental and design is pretest – posttest with control group. 24 football player were selected among Arak Aluminum football team players by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. After the pre-test, participants in the experimental group performed 25 sessions of working memory exercises. Post- test was performed at the end of all groups. Instruments of gathering data included N-BACK working memory test, competitive - state anxiety tests, and working memory training software. For data analysis, one-way analysis of covariance was used.

The results showed that working memory training resulted in decrease in state anxiety and increase in working memory capacity of football players in experimental groups.

Generally, the use of working memory training as a complement to physical exercise is useful to reducing the anxiety of football players in high-pressure situations.

The aim of the current research is to study the effect of physical exercise on controlling balance among the visually impaired elderly. Fifteen visually impaired elderly who’s being impaired is confirmed through taking Snellen test and optometry were randomly chosen and divided into two groups’ physical exercise and control. The exercise was of two types of tasks- standing alone or walking along with kinetic and thinking tasks. The elderly chosen for this test participated in pre and post balance test using stabilometr. The groups exercised for 12 weeks and twice a week. To analyze data, we applied dependent T-test and to compare the results of post and pretest in each group with significant at a=0.05. The results showed a physical exercise has effect on balance among visually impaired elderly (p≥0/0.5) also the results of T-Test between the two groups in post-test has shown a significant effect on balance. I.e. the improvement in exercise group has shown in balance. We concluded that doing exercises can improve balance criteria. In this regard, multi-sensory manipulations based on substitution and adapting approaches can lead to even better results and increase its effectiveness.

The purpose of this study was to standardize the 8-item scale of passion in sports. Considering that the present study determines the reliability and validity of the passion scale in sports, the research design is in terms of the type of research development, which was analytical and correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all female athletes in Baharestan city (421 people). Two hundred people were selected according to the Cochran formula. This study used the passion scale of Sigmundson et al. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaires and model fit indices were used to evaluate the model. The results showed that all the indicators related to the scale of desire have a factor load higher than 0.4. Therefore, they have an acceptable factor load and t values and they are considered as appropriate indicators. Therefore, the construct validity of the passion scale is confirmed. Also, the passion scale with a variance of 0.51 and combined reliability (Dillon-Goldstein coefficient) was 0.88. Therefore, convergent validity is an approved measure of passion. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the passion scale was 0.90, which indicates that the reliability of this scale is desirable. Therefore, the reliability of the passion scale is confirmed.

The aim of this study was to study the effect and persistence (stability of exercise effect), working memory (ability to remember and manage information) and self-concept (overall evaluation of one's personality) among children with developmental coordination disorder.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a control group. 30 girls aged 8-10 years with developmental coordination disorder were divided into experimental and control groups based on the score obtained in the children's movement test and intelligence score. N-back tests were used to measure working memory and Pierce-Harris 2 test was used to assess self-concept. The training protocol included a set of cognitive, motor, and basic games that considered the development of memory and self-concept components. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of varianceFrequent measurements on the test factor (time) were analyzed.

Findings showed working memory function (p = 0.000) and self-concept (p = 13.13). The results of the present study showed that working memory and self-concept scores increased significantly in the exercise group compared to the control group. Also, the effect of training permanence after three months on working memory (p = 0.000) and self-concept (p = 0.49) was maintained.

Based on the findings of the present study, selected games are effective on improving and maintaining the working memory and self-concept of children with developmental coordination disorders.

The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of assessing the Needs assessment of psychological development in professional sports in Iran.

The present research method was of qualitative type which was performed in the field using interview. The method of data collection in the present study was field. The statistical population of the study included experts familiar with the subject of research, and according to the purposeful selection of 12 of these people were identified as the research sample. The data collection tool in the present study was a semi-structured interview. Shannon's entropy method was used to analyze the research data. Excel software was used to analyze the data of the present study.

The results of the present study showed that in the course of the development of psychology in professional sports in Iran, cultural, human, motivational, scientific and individual issues are needed. In other words, investing in meeting the cultural, human, motivational, scientific and personal needs will pave the way for the development of sports psychology as a widely used science in professional sports.

According to the results of the present study, it is suggested that in order to develop psychology in professional sports in Iran, it is necessary to make efforts to meet these needs.

Creative behavior is invaluable in everyday life as well as in athletic performance. This study aimed to the effect of differential education approach and attention instructions on motor creativity.

The number of samples in the present study was 24, which were randomly divided into 3 groups (differential learning with external instruction - differential learning with internal instruction - differential control of control). Each group randomly performed their pieces of training for 12 weeks, two sessions per week, and 20 minutes per session according to the relevant instructions (external attention: attention to the upper right or left corner of the goal, internal attention: attention to the foot contact with the ball and control: no attention instructions). After 12 weeks, immediately after training, small-sided play for 20 minutes, motor creativity, shoot, dribble and futsal skills were measured in all participants. A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 23 with a significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant difference between external differential, internal differential and control differential methods of motor creativity in dribble, pass and shoot futsal skills.

This study showed the effectiveness of differential learning approach on motor creativity in futsal. Research results can be used to better and more effectively design exercises to nurture more creative players and teach creativity factors such as fluency, originality, and flexibility.

Awareness of the relationship between creativity, as an interpersonal psychological concept, with human capital and strategic agility, as concepts within the organization, could somehow provide valuable information about the role of creativity in positive or negative (optimistic or pessimistic) interpretation of individuals about the organization's capabilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between creativity, human capital and strategic agility in the elite staff of the Iranian Gymnastics Federation.

The research method was descriptive, correlational, applied and survey based on the nature, type, purpose and procedure respectively. A total of 70 elites of Iranian gymnastics federation was selected and were asked to complete inventories of creativity (Rendsip, 1979), human capital (Amiri, 2012) and strategic agility (Mavengere, 2013). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t test

individual’s creativity has a positive and significant relationship with both human capital and strategic agility. Significant between groups difference was found between more and less creative participants in terms of human capital and strategic agility.

The finding shows that in the elites of the Iranian Gymnastics Federation, individuals with better creativity have more optimistic and positive view toward the value of human capital and strategic agility. It is possible that individuals' creativity influences their attitudes toward important organizational concepts such as human capital and strategic agility, and paves the way for elitism.

This study was conducted to examine the impact of swimming protocol on executive functions Female Students of Physical Education .

A semi experimental method designed with control and experimental groups, undergoing pre-test and post-test used. The subjects were selected from the Female Students of Physical Education in Bukan Islamic Azad University in academic years 2019- 2020 and   using the volunteer sampling. Methods such that Based on the admission criteria, 30 people have volunteered to participate in this study and subjects were placed randomly in experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups and then responded to the meta cognation   and Letter – number span tests. swimming protocol   was held   for the experimental group in moghbel-honarpazhoh swimming pool at Bukan and for each person over a period of 12 sessions (once a week for 90 minutes) by an experienced instructor in the pool. After the end of sessions both groups were assessed and data were analyzed using analysis of MANCOVA and spss21 software.

The results showed that swimming protocol   has significant effect on   executive functions (working memory and metacognition) female students of physical education in Bukan Islamic Azad University (p< 0.001).

The finding of this study showed that swimming exercises can improve students executive functions through cellular and physiological changes.Keywords: Swimming Protocol, Executive Functions, Working Memory, Metacognition.

When failure happens, forgiveness is a way to admit the failure in order to increase individual and social growth and also prevent motivation decrease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of forgiveness training program on perception of failure.

This study was practical quasi-experimental and had pre-test, post-test, control group with intervals. Participants were 24 volleyball players in level two league in Isfahan who were chosen non-randomly but grouped randomly into controlled and experimental groups. The instruments for gathering the data were HFS (heartland forgiveness scale) and SASS (sport attritional style scale). In this study, descriptive statistics were used to determine central tendency (mean) and statistical dispersion (standard deviation) and Shapiro-Wilk Test to determine if the data was normal and to analyze the research hypothesis, T-test was used for independent group. All the data was analyzed using SPSS (P ≤0.05).

The results of this study showed that forgiveness training had significant effect on failure perception with internal-external attributional style (0.02), instability-stability (00.00) and global-specific (0.005). But it didn’t have any significant effects on other subscales.

Forgiveness training, therefor, is likely to replace athlete's perception of failure with external- internal, instability-stability and global-specific subscales.