Interdisciplinary journal of acute care
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2021

In most patients with cardiovascular disease, the risk factors still remain uncontrolled even after myocardial infarction. Extensive international efforts have thus been made toward health promotion and lifestyle modification in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the lifestyle of patients with myocardial infarction based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM). In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients admitted to Shahid Madani Hospital in Lorestan, Iran (2012) after myocardial infarction were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and the perceived benefits, perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy questionnaires. The questionnaires’ validity and reliability were previously confirmed. The data were analyzed using measures of central tendency and frequency, analysis of variance, and regression analysis. All analyses were performed using SPSS. The highest mean score (28.4 ± 4.7) belonged to the interpersonal relations subscale. Physical activity and stress management subscales had the lowest mean scores (12.3 ± 3.2 and 17.5 ± 3.6, respectively). Lifestyle had significant linear relationships with perceived self-efficacy and having hypertension. Patients with myocardial infarction did not show favorable health-promoting behaviors, especially in physical activity and stress management subscales. Since higher self-efficacy can help patients improve their self-care activities and health behaviors, relevant interventions focusing on the components of health-promoting lifestyle seem necessary.

Multiple symptoms and comorbidities complicate management of heart failure. Studies on the identification of comorbidities (cardiac and non-cardiac) and attention to symptom burden in Iran are limited, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of symptoms and comorbidities in hospitalized heart failure patients. In the present descriptive-analytical study, data were collected from 94 patients admitted to the cardiac wards of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences from December 2018 to April 2020. Samples were entered sequentially. Edmonton (ESAS) and Charlesson tools were used for data collection (CCI). The highest frequency of comorbidities was related to coronary artery disease (heart attacks) 73 (77.7%), hypertension71 (75.5%), peptic ulcer47 (50%), valvular problems40 (42.6%) were, diabetes mellitus 30 (31.9%), kidney disease 25 (26.6%) and COPD23 (24.5%). The lowest frequency of comorbidities was related to liver disease1 (1.1%) and HIV0 (0%). The results also showed that the highest incidence of symptoms in patients with heart failure included chest pain of 6.52 ± 1.77, shortness of breath of 6.41± 1.73, anxiety of 6.22 ± 1.56 and constipation of 6.36± 1.72They were. Depression, loss of appetite, nausea, drowsiness, and lack of well-being or health were the next most common symptoms. Patients with heart failure who have multiple comorbidities (cardiac and non-cardiac), and have multiple symptoms, and in the care of these patients should be considered all aspects, including comorbidities and symptoms. We will need complex management to assist in the care and treatment of these patients.

Considering the importance of hand hygiene in the nurses, this study has aimed to determine the effect of educational interventions based on Theory of Planned Behavior on nurses' intention to perform hand hygiene. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, subjects including 60 nurses were selected by using the convenience sampling method and then were located in the intervention or control groups by the simple random sampling. The intervention group received educational interventions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior through a four-session workshop. Instrument was Theory of Planned Behavior questionnaire with four subscales including attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms and hand hygiene intention. The questionnaire was filled in the two groups before, immediately after, and one month after intervention. The mean score of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention in the baseline of intervention group were 1.96 ± 0.62, 1.87 ± 0.68, 1.84 ± 0.72, and 3.96± 0.64 respectively.  Immediately after the intervention the mean score of these constructs changed to, 2.88 ± 0.68, 2.79 ± 0.79, 3.82 ± 0.69, and 3.78± 0.71 respectively, and the changes were statistically significant (P<0.001). Also education performed in the intervention group increased the scores of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention in comparison with the control group and changes were significant statistically(P<0.001). The use of educational models could improve the nurses' intention to perform hand hygiene behaviors; therefore, it is necessary to consider this model by modifying the training patterns.

Covid-19 is a novel disease with many unknown clinical and managemental dimensions. To effectively diagnose, control, and treat the disease, it is required to divulge its clinical symptoms and their qualities. On the other hand, no one can better interpret the clinical symptoms than the caregivers infected by the disease. So, the aim of this study was to exploring the experiences of infected health-care providers about clinical manifestations of Covid-19 disease.

The present qualitative research was conducted using the conventional content analysis method in Iran from March to Jun 2020. Participants in this study included 18 infected health care providers with Covid-19, who were selected based on purposeful sampling method. The data was collected by phone call interviews and analyzed according Lundman and Graneheim approach.

Qualitative data analysis revealed 10 categories including respiratory disorders, fever and chills, body pain, fatigue, headache, skin disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, taste and olfactory disturbances, insomnia and also stress and anxiety. Patients with Covid-19 may experience specific or non-specific disorders. It is necessary to consider people with non-specific manifestations as suspicious cases and screen them with proper diagnostic tests. This can help to identify true positive patients and provide them with more effective health cares, and prevent further spread of the disease by isolating suspected individuals.

The Use of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing care for an adolescent girl with seizure at Emergency Department of Pediatrics. Research approach A Case study for adaptation of Kolcaba's comfort theory for an adolescent girl with seizure. Application: The establishment of Stages of assessment and information mustering, planning, presentation and Care interventions based on Kolcaba's comfort Framework. Data collection is done by interviewing and full biography of adolescent, mother, father, patient records and Patient Comfort Behavioral Toolو Comfort Daisies Scale and Taxonomic structure of comfort. Nursing care has been done in the nursing process based on the comfort of the patient. Interventions based on patient comfort presented in four field: physical, psycho-spiritual, peripheral and social-cultural. Using this theory in clinical care for adolescents increased the patient's comfort and provide care for the child and family.