نشریه فضای گردشگری
پیاپی 35 (تابستان 1399)

The purpose of this article is a careful review of the factors affecting the sustainable tourism of Tabriz especially in terms of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS). Due to the influential regional components in tourism, the methodology of this research is based on the Delphi technique, which has been devoted to explaining the comments and suggestions of the experts in three stages. For this purpose, 25 experts from the influential tourism areas of Tabriz have been used. The results of this research indicate that Tabriz having multiple potentials including historical centers, nature attractions, scientific, literary and religious characters, and the registration of some of its regions and industries in the global form, has the necessary criteria and potentials for sustainable tourism in the future. The measures taken to stabilize tourism in Tabriz are appropriate and Tabriz in 1404 can be considered as a starting point for the development of sustainable tourism and also the modernization of Tabriz for the distant horizons may be regarded serious. Total readiness of Tabriz can be considered as the most important strategy for tourism development, including the standards of biological, environmental, valuable and humanistic aspects of tourism sustainability. Also, cultural development, promotion of knowledge and citizens’ views for believing tourism are of the important approaches to develop tourism in the city.

Creative city policy can increase cultural assets and help shift from previous production models, which were largely dependent on production, to a more service-oriented and sustainable model. This leads to an increase in the number of visitors, consumption, and ultimately to the preservation of those urban uses. Proximity to cultural facilities not only increases the economic productivity of creativity, but also increases the feelings of tourists towards the city. In this research, the aim is to attract the development of tourism by considering arts and culture as the characteristics of a creative city. In the present study, the combined method has been used. The three components of economics, politics and design along with the indicators have been localized and identified by the authors through reviewing previous studies. In inferential statistics method, structural equation modeling technique, Lisrel software 54.8, and path analysis have been used. The results showed that all variables show a high correlation with their respective structures. It was shown that the obtained factor loads are significant for all obvious variables at the level of 0.05. Furthermore, all three components have been discussed according to the tourism conditions of Hamedan.

The purpose of this article is to provide a model for evaluating the performance of ecotourism management with emphasis on the management of the ecological context of the city in District 9 of Isfahan Municipality. For this purpose, the grand theory method has been used. Using library and field studies and implementation of the grand theoretical method, 3 dimensions, 10 criteria and 35 sub-criteria have been extracted. The main dimensions include urban context management with categories, legislation, planning, resource management and control and supervision; the context of ecology included categories with protection, development and improvement, and also the ecotourism included categories such as economic, social, environmental and cultural ones. The results of this study indicate that the current situation of ecological tissue management in District 9 of Isfahan Municipality is not favorable, but the situation can be improved. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the weaknesses in laws, lack of proper planning and lack of attention to the basic uses, have all caused the ecological situation of the region no to be in a good condition presently.

Participation is the main mechanism for sustainable development goals in the third millennium. When cities grow in size and population, it is important to pay attention to the coordination between their physical, social and environmental aspects. The sustainability of the city will depend on the harmony between these factors. The aim of the present study is to study the factors affecting the participation of citizens and tourists in order to protect the environment. The research was conducted in terms of developmental-applied purpose and in a mixed way. The statistical population of the study included members of the scientific board of the fields of environment, watershed management, agriculture, geography, tourism, Mahmoud Abad universities, managers of public organizations and private companies, employers and contractors. . Data collection tools continued from the first phase of the semi-structured face-to-face interview to the phase of theoretical saturation. Interviews with 29 people (23 men and 6 women) were identified in four dimensions and 21 items. The second part of the discussion was given to the members of Delphi Group (8 people) in two stages for designing the questionnaire. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire on the five-value Likert scale was distributed online among the statistical sample (85 people). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for education (0.754), management (0.861), planning (0.82), information (0.791), ownership (0.833), and social (0.741) were estimated. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The findings showed that educational, social, planning, ownership, management and information factors affect the participation of citizens and tourists in environmental protection.

Lorestan province as the capital of geotourism of Iran with its unique geomorphic features such as caves, waterfalls, lakes and many historical and geological potentials, has optimal and suitable areas for construction of geoparks.The present research is applied-developmental the aim of which is to identify and introduce geotourism attractions, to prioritize the required criteria and sub-criteria, and also to identify the optimal areas for the construction of geoparks in Lorestan province. In this regard, using descriptive-analytical and field-based methods, based on experts' opinions, and using questionnaire as well as the Comannescu model, the criteria and effective sub-criteria and suggested areas for geopark construction were investigated. Finally, the optimal geopark site was identified in Lorestan province. The results showed that among the six proposed zones, despite the numerous geo-tourism capabilities for geopark construction, in some areas geoparks can be constructed, but the most desirable area for the construction of geoparks, is Gahar Lake and its surroundings.

In this research, a field study was conducted to investigate the development of rural tourism in Bozkoyeh village in Rudsar which is located in the East of Gilan Province. In order to identify the various factors required, the strengths and weaknesses of the understudy area were used to complete the questionnaire. Based on the initial information obtained and using Cochran's test, 100 samples were collected and 77 samples were selected. The questionnaires of this research were randomly distributed among the people who visited this area in the spring of 2020. In this study, Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire, which is used to determine and calculate the reliability of the test. The SPSS software was used to calculate the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of the test for 77 samples showed that the coefficiency estimate was 0.75. In order to develop tourism in this region, there are some weaknesses such as the poor condition in the road, as well as the situation of light and lighting at night which indicate that this village lacks the necessary requirements to be developed as a tourism village. Also, tourists create problems for the natives and residents as well as for themselves which can gradually cause lack of cooperation among the natives in implementing scientific tourism studies in future.

The purpose of this study is to examine the customer behavior affected by service delays. Nine hypotheses were tested in this study. The method of this research is descriptive-survey in terms of variables and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research was targeted in Parsian Hotel in Kermanshah. The sampling method in this study was simple random based on which 384 people were selected as a sample through Cochran's formula for data collection. In this study, a questionnaire was used as a research tool, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses using Amos structural equation software version 22. According to the research results, service delays have a positive effect on customers' anger and insecurity and a negative effect on their acceptability. Anger and insecurity also have a negative effect on the desire to buy and a negative effect on word of mouth marketing. In the end, acceptability also has a positive effect on the willingness to buy but a negative effect on the willingness to spread word of mouth.

The physical texture of Iranian villages has visual and aesthetic patterns, and in the meantime, the physical texture of some villages of the country is considered as a valuable heritage and remains of our ancestors due to its special architectural, historical and cultural features. It can be a favorable and attractive environment for the villagers which attracts more tourists to help the prosperity and development of the tourism industry in these villages. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of improving the value of rural tissues on the sustainable development of the tourism industry, and to recognize the limitations and potentials of tourism in the region in economic, social, physical and environmental fields and also to suggest some solutions for tourism industry development in the villages. This applied research was a descriptive-analytical and survey kind of study. Library and field studies have been used to gather information. Field studies were conducted by designing and completing a questionnaire from two sample groups of villagers (186 people) and tourists (220 people) of Abshar Bisheh village, who were randomly selected and analyzed using chi-square test and variance analysis. The results of the study indicated that the improvement of rural value tissue has played an effective role in the sustainable development of tourism industry in the village, but in order to achieve the required goals, special attention should be paid to other sectors such as social, cultural, economic and environmental ones.