مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 136، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1401)

Due to the high rate of inhalers’ incorrect use by the elderly, this study aimsto evaluate the effect of teaching the use of inhalers to a family caregiver on its correct use by the elderlypatients.

This is a parallel-group randomized clinical trial on 80 older people with a lungdisease aged >60 years who use the inhaler incorrectly and their family caregivers. Participants were randomlyassigned to group A (education) and group B (control) using a block randomization method (4×4blocks). In group A, teaching of the correct use of inhaler was provided to the caregivers of the elderlyorally and practically in one session, while in group B, training was provided only to the elderly. Threeweeks later, the two groups were evaluated using a researcher-made inhaler use checklist.

There was no significant difference in the use of inhaler before and after the intervention ingroup A (2.58±1.26) and B (2.55±1.22) (P<0.05). Pearson correlation test results showed a significantdecrease in the correct use of inhaler with the increase of patients’ age (r=-0.24).

Further studies on the use of family members in elderly patients care, various educationalprograms by health care providers, and periodic evaluation of the performance of the elderly regardingthe use of inhalers are recommended.

Primary immunodeficiency (PI) diseases are those occur because of a primarydisorder in the immune system.

This retrospective study was conducted on 70 children with PI diseases referred tothe allergy and immunology department of Abuzar Children Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran from 2015 to 2018.

The most common PI diseases in the majority of male children (56.92%) were severe combinedimmunodeficiency disease (21.42%) and chronic granulomatous disease (8.57%). Parents in most ofpatients (83%) were blood relatives. About 66.67% of all death cases (9.23%) was due to severe combinedimmunodeficiency disease; hypogammaglobulinemia and Griscelli syndrome accounted for about16.67% of deaths. The most common manifestations were pneumonia, fever, diarrhea, and sepsis.Based on the family history, 33 children had allergies, 9 had malignancy, one had autoimmune disease,and 39 had mothers with a history of abortion. Most of children were under treatment with intravenousimmunoglobulin and prophylactic antibiotics, (99.88% and 88.99%, respectively), while 2.81% were underinterferon-gamma therapy and transplantation, and 1.40% were receiving corticosteroids and granulocytecolony-stimulating factor therapy.

The severe combined immunodeficiency disease, chronic granulomatous disease, and Brutondisease are the most common PI diseases in children living in Ahvaz.

Due to the improvement of living conditions in recent decades, there is animportant issue called quality of life (QoL). One of the important factors that affect the QoL is the abilityto communicate with others. Everyday communication is usually interfered by noise. Consonants playan important role in understanding the meaning of words. Since stop consonants are dependent on thefollowing vowels, they are more vulnerable to the masking effects of noise. The present study aims toevaluate the effect of age, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and concurrent vowels on the recognition of stopconsonants in Persian.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 adults with normal hearingin two age groups of 30-39 and 40-49 years. After the auditory and speech assessments, the recognitionof stop consonants in the form of consonant-vowel-consonant syllables and in the presence ofbabble noise at three SNRs was compared between two age groups.

The difference in the recognition score of stop consonants was significant between two agegroups at the SNRs of 0, -5, and -10. There was also a significant difference between the two age groupsregarding the recognition of stop consonants in the presence of some vowels at three SNRs.

With increasing age, the recognition ability of stop consonants in the presence of babblenoises decreases. Increasing noise also reduces the recognition of stop consonants, especially those withsome vowels.

Herbal medicines have fewer side effects than chemical drugs. In this regard,researchers are looking to find herbal ingredients to heal diabetic wounds. Saffron is a powerful antioxidantthat can be effective in treating diabetic wounds. This study aims to evaluate the effect of saffron’smain ingredients (crocin and safranal) on skin wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 30 rats were divided into six groups. One control group,one diabetic group, two diabetic groups treated with crocin (300 and 600 mg/kg body weight), and twodiabetic groups treated with safranal (300 and 600 mg/kg body weight). The diabetes was induced byintraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Sampling was performed for histologicalstudies to measure the number of neutrophils, macrophages, blood vessels, and epitheliumthickness on days 3, 7, 15 and 20 after wound creation.

The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and the least significant differencetest, considering the significance level of P<0.05.

Crocin and safranal components of saffron can accelerate the wound healing process in diabeticrats by affecting the number of neutrophils, macrophages, blood vessels, and epithelial thickness.

Caffeine is a purine alkaloid with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.This study aims to evaluate the effect of long-term caffeine consumption and aerobic exercise on seruminterleukin-6 (IL-6) level and body composition in obese men.

In this quasi-experimental study, 40 obese men (Mean age=32.8±2.74 years, bodymass index=30.98±1.37 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four Group of 10 including placebo, supplementation,placebo + exercise, and supplementation + exercise. The aerobic exercise program includedrunning for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 25-45 minutes with an intensity of 55-85% of themaximum heart rate. The supplementation group received 500 mg caffeine daily and the placebo groupreceived 500 mg capsules of 2% maltodextrin. Blood samples were taken following 12 hours of fastingbefore and 48 hours after the last training session to measure IL-6 level. Data were analyzed using onewayANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. The significance level was set 0.05.

In the exercise+supplementation and placebo+exercise groups significant decreases werereported in the serum level of IL-6 compared to the supplementation and placebo groups in thepost-test phase (P<0.05). There was also a significant decrease in body composition of groupsplacebo+exercise, exercise+supplementation, and supplementation compared to placebo group inthe post-test phase (P<0.05).

Aerobic exercise alone and in combination with long-term caffeine consumption can reduceIL-6 level and improve body composition in obese people.

Falafel is one of the most popular artisanal foods in Iran, especially inKhouzestan province. However, no comprehensive study has been performed to evaluate its microbiologicaland chemical properties. This study aims to evaluate microbiological and chemical properties offalafel samples collected from street food market in Ahvaz, Iran.

Microbiological tests including total viable count (TVC), psychrophilic count, Escherichiacoli test, staphylococcus aureus test, coliform count, bacillus cereus test, Salmonella test, andmold count were performed to evaluate microbiological properties of falafel samples (cooked and uncooked).The chemical properties were assessed by performing protein test, ash, carbohydrate, lipid,salt, peroxide, and acidity tests. All tests were done according to the methods described by the Instituteof Standards & Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI).

Microbiological tests revealed that TVC (108 cfu/g), coliform count (3.7×103 cfu/g) and mold count(1.3×103 cfu/g) were significantly higher than the amounts set by the ISIRI (P<0.05), indicating high contaminationof uncooked falafel samples. The major problems observed by chemical tests was the highcontent of lipid (20.11%) and peroxide value (47.85 meq/kg) which were significantly higher than thevalues set by the ISIRI (P<0.05).

Microbiological and chemical properties of falafel are poor, indicating the poor hygienic conditionsof its preparation in street food market. We recommend more attention to and supervision onthe preparation of artisanal foods such as falafel in Iran.

The aim of this study was to Acute changes in aldolase activity and somehematologic parameters compared to different recoveries.

The research is of applied type and quasi-experimental research method whichwas conducted in field-laboratory form with pre-test-post-test design with control group on female semiprofessionalathletes in athletics (runners) in Tehran. Sampling was done by simple random sampling, sothat after informing and inviting interested people and passing the preliminary stages, 30 runners wereselected as the research sample and randomly in 3 groups of 10 people (active recycling group (running),inactivated recycling group (sports massage) and inactive sitting). The main activity included a sportscompetition. Blood samples were taken from the samples in 3 stages (pre-test (fasting), post-race andpost-recovery). In this study, one-way analysis of variance and SPSS statistical software v. 22 were usedto examine the data at a significance level of P<0.05.

The results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between the three typesof recycling methods in changing the amount of aldolase and erythrocyte factors (P>0.05), but recyclingby massage has an effect on reducing aldolase levels after strenuous exercise. There is a significant differencebetween the three types of recycling methods (passive, jogging, massage) in reducing the numberof white blood cells and hemoglobin in favor of recovery by the massage group.

According to the results, it can be said that among the recovery methods, the use of massagewas more effective in reducing the aldolase activity of female athletes after the run competition.

The aim this study was to investigate the effect of sedentary lifestyle on Telomere system of mice skeletal muscle.

The subjects were C57BL/6 mice (n=24) that were randomly divided into four groups: Base control (n=6), control (n=6), LIIT (n=6), and HIIT (n=6) groups. The exercise includes 5 days a week for 8 weeks and then kept inactive for 4 weeks. The factors were measured after DNA and RNA extraction using Real time-PCR method. The data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA test.

The results of this study showed that there wasn’t a significant difference between the expression of TRF1 gene in ST and FT muscles (P=0.825), sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.062) and the interaction between muscle type and sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.408). There was no significant difference between the expression of TRF2 gene in ST and FT muscles (P=0.073), sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.309) and the interaction between muscle type and sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.093). In general, There was no significant difference between the telomere length in ST and FT muscles (P=0.763), sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.053) and the interaction between muscle type and sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.651).

Applying sedentary lifestyle types, including inactivity after High and low-intensity exercise, affects the telomere system in skeletal muscle in both muscles the same. It seems that the effect of inactivity in people with an experience of exercise with different intensities does not have a different effect on the type of skeletal muscle tissue.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disorder which ismostly caused by deficits in social interactions. Lack of physical activity and poor nutritional habits arecommon problems in these patients which may be exaggerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The studyaims to assess the effect of functional training along with online nutrition education on inflammatorybiomarkers in children with ASD.

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 80 children with ASD (age=9.73±1.29years, weight=49.94±2.08 kg, height=146.08±40 cm, body mass index=24.71 ±1.48 kg/m2) were randomlydivided into four groups of training, education, training+ education, and control. The interventionslasted for 8 weeks. The inflammatory biomarkers including white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactiveprotein (CRP) level, neutrophil count, eosinophil count, and basophil count were assessed (usingblood samples collected from antecubital vein) before and after the interventions.

There was no significant difference between the groups before the interventions (P˃0.05). Afterthe intervention, the results showed a significant decrease in WBC (P˂0.001), CRP (P=0.001), neutrophils(sig.=0.009), and eosinophil (P=0.003) in all groups. Basophil count decreased in all groups (P=0.01) exceptin the education group.

Functional training and online nutrition education are beneficial interventions for managementof inflammatory biomarkers in children with ASD which can be used during the Covid-19 pandemic.

In recent years the isolation of effective molecules from snake venom as drugto treatment of some incurable diseases is considered by many biological research centers. The aim ofthis investigation was to determine electrophorotic and chromatographic patterns of Pseudocerastespersicus venom and in-vitro study of bactericidal and anti-cancer properties of its fractions in humanhepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2).

The fractions of venom were isolated and collected using preparative RP-HPLC.The Bactericidal activity of fractions in 20μg/ml of protein concentration was investigated toward Gramnegativeand Gram-positive bacteria using MTT and MIC assays. Then, the cytotoxic effects of fractionswith higher antibacterial properties were measured by MTT reduction, neutral uptake and comet assaysfollowing exposure of HepG2 cancer cells to 20 and 40 μg/ml of protein concentration.

SDS-PAGE pattern of the crude venom revealed 10 major bands with molecular weight rangingfrom 13.2 to 99.25 kDa and the separation of fractions from the venom by HPLC resulted in collectionof 11 different fractions. The results of this study showed that two fractions (4 & 8) have a significantantibacterial activity against Gram-positive as compared to Gram- negative bacteria. The study of theanti-cancer effect of these two fractions also showed that fraction 8 was more toxic in HepG2 cells.

We for the first time reported bactericidal and anti cancer effects of isolated fractions ofPersian horned viper venom. These properties make components of these fractions a favorable sourcefor isolation of molecule (s) with antibacterial and anti tumor activities.

Uncontrolled stress affects hippocampal-dependent memory through altering the morphology and the proliferation rate of the hippocampal progenitor cells.

In this experimental study, neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from rat hippocampus were extracted and cultured to produce neutrospheres in a serum-free environment. Nestin antibody was used to identification the induced NSCs. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity due to the effect of norepinephrine were measured by MTT assay. NSCs were assigned in the following experimental groups: Control (untreated), NE (treated with norepinephrine), Pro (pretreated with beta-blocker propranolol then norepinephrine), Pra (pretreated with alfa-blocker prazosin then norepinephrine), and Syn (pretreated with propranolol and prazosin then norepinephrine). Real-time RT-PCR was conducted to quantify mRNA levels of the Stk4, Caspase-3 and Sox2.

The flow cytometry analysis revealed that NSCs were nestin positive. Real-time RT-PCR results showed that gene expression levels of Sox2 mRNA was increased via norepinephrine. Also, gene expression levels of Stk4 and Caspase-3 were increased in the group that pretreated with prazosin.

Taken together, the effect of norepinephrine on hippocampus-derived neural stem cells is receptor-dependent and, increase of norepinephrine under chronic stress can lead to the either proliferation or apoptosis in the NSCs, as a double-edged sword.

In this case report study, the patient was a 95-year-old woman who was referred to the health centerdue to inability to swallow liquids and solids for 6 months. After determining the cause of dysphagiadue to a large Zenker’s diverticulum in the initial part of the esophagus, and the inability of patient totolerate surgery due to her age and general deterioration, she underwent the endoscopic diverticulectomy.Under a two-hour endoscopic surgery, the wall of the cricopharyngeal muscle was first identifiedand diverticulectomy was performed by cutting the muscle with an endoscopic needle knife, using theOlympus flexible endoscope and closing the surgery site with clips. There were no complications duringor after the surgery. The patient was kept fasting for 48 hours. After that, liquid feeding was started; 5days later, the patient was discharged from the hospital with a good general condition and the ability toswallow food. This was the first case of endoscopic diverticulectomy in the southwest of Iran.