فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 48، پاییز 1401)

Considering that one of the duties of governments is to provide suitable and resistant shelter for the weak sections of the society and villagers, as a result, one of the government's incentive policies is to provide loans to the villagers, in this way, it is possible to improve rural houses and improve their resistance against accidents. natural payment The purpose of this research is not only to evaluate the housing improvement plan, but considering the vulnerability of the rural strata and their deprivation, the granting of housing improvement loans can be effective in all aspects of their lives, especially in terms of mental and physical security, so in this research Investigating the effects of granting loans on the quality of life and psychological, economic and social security of villagers has been discussed. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population in this research is all the households that benefited from housing improvement loans from 1384 to 1397 (1428 households). Based on the Morgan table method, 302 households were randomly selected as a sample and questioned. In order to question the households, a questionnaire was developed to evaluate the effects of the credits granted to the households in terms of economic, social, physical and environmental aspects, and also a questionnaire was developed to determine the effective components in the research of the sustainable policy model of housing improvement credits with a survey of experts and The professors were edited. To analyze the data, SPSS statistical analysis software and mean difference methods, factor analysis model and T-TEST were used. The results of the data analysis showed that in Mallard city, the credits granted in recent years have left positive effects in all the investigated dimensions; So that the average of all the studied dimensions is higher than the ideal state, that these loans have an effect on the economy of households, mental and psychological peace, sense of security, housing resistance against natural disasters, especially earthquakes, and the biological health of households, and considering the positive effects of these loans In the following, it was determined that, based on the investigated indicators, the influential components in the process of receiving facilities and improving and accelerating its implementation, the economic, social and organizational-administrative components played a role in the implementation of the housing improvement project as well as possible, and the greater the desirability of these 3 The component is effective in implementing the mentioned plan as best as possible.

Aristotle, Mackinder ,hoffer,Spykman,mahan,kissinger,brzezinskicohen,huntington,fukuyama and Scientists who have worked on power, international relations, and geopolitics, they all agree that Iran is a strategic country ,That " s why he has always been under threat .the new city of importance in southwest of Tehran due to the existence of important and strategic centers in and around the city. These centers, in addition to the management of crisis management and non-factors management ,are at risk due to non-operating defense principles and crisis management ,and the threshold of resistance ,deterrence and swing are low ,the purpose of this study is practical. The variables investigated in it include the identification of strengths, in order to reduce losses resulting from probable risks, Enemy attacks are the lifting of defensive power ,the threshold of national resistance ,deterrence and planning or the city is defensive .the data collection method is mainly library and is used according to the type of research from field (studies of interview and observation .in this study, the SWOT technique has been used to explore the city's strengths and weak ness and to study the city system's compliance with non-factor defense principles and crisis management . which leads to the enforcement requirements of the strategic paradigm of crisis management and civil defense for the city of thought. The results show the lack of implementation and not respect of the principles of crisis management and non-factor defense in the city of thought.

In traditional urban planning, the mosque was always at the turning point of the environment and in a system of various and familiar functions, it was considered a part of the necessities of the current life of the city. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the Islamic worldview on the position of the mosque as an urban space and the role of the mosque as an essential element in the Islamic city in the economy of culture and security. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of study method and empirically, spatial and structural cognition of physical space is done by cognitive mapping through sketching to measure cognitive representations and behavioral concepts in social interactions. The study area is the city of Dezful in Khuzestan province. The findings showed that the position of the mosque (as a place of worship) has been reduced and a very incomplete and limited understanding of the concept and reality of the mosque as a social space has been done. Mosques, as a part of the spatial-physical structure of the city, is a formative element and one of the most central and valuable physical element crystallizing the Islamic society, which has various social, economic, political and physical functions in urban development. Therefore, establishing the centrality of the mosque from a theoretical point of view as a cohesive joint in the physical and spatial structure of neighborhoods, which should be on the agenda of local development management in urban planning and design.

More or less all the countries of the Persian Gulf region, especially the Arab countries, have territorial and border differences. Resolving regional disputes is doubly important because it acts as an intermediary between internal security and external security and is the Achilles heel of governments. Orientation of threats from external centers is the point of vulnerability of the regimes, and in any case, the relations between the neighbors are strained. According to this introduction, the main purpose of the research is to study and recognize the territorial and border disputes of Iran with the countries of the Persian Gulf and to provide a leadership model for resolving problems. The main question of the research is whether the improvement of Iran's relations with influential countries in the region (USA, Britain, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, etc.) will reduce the tension between Iran and the United Arab Emirates and forget about the islands? this article With a comprehensive approach and qualitative research method based on Strauss and Corbin's theory, he has presented a model for resolving maritime border disputes in Iran's relations with the southern countries of the Persian Gulf. The sample size for interviewing experts was finalized within the framework of theoretical saturation, and the strategy of data theory based on open coding, and the theory of this theory was used to compile the entire text of the article. The findings led to the identification of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions and dimensions of the phenomenon of border disputes.

Maritime transport is one of the constant features of human life, which is generally associated with a place and geography. In this industry, time is a vital element, so the delay and detention of the ship should be avoided as much as possible, and the damages for detention and how to compensate it has always been one of the important issues in maritime law. In each charter parties, in order to avoide from detention of ship during the loading and discharging operation, term is predicted as demurrage. Demurrage is a form of obligation, meaning that the charterer is required to pay a certain amount to the ship owner in exchange for stopping beyond the time allowed for loading and discharge. Therefore the charterer must consider the capacity and facilities of ports of origin and destination for optimal use of time, as a result, taking into accidental risks for example sanctions, give him/his an allowed time for loading and discharge. Because which can prevent the performance of voyage charter parties. The issue discussed in the present article, is realized only in certain voyage charter parties and maritime bill of lading that includes a charter parties. So in this article we are trying to answer the question of who is responsible for the delays in loading and discharge ships and can regional mechanisms prevent detention of ships? With a descriptive- analytical approach, we will seek a convincing answer to it.

nowdays, the development of cities as well as the developments of urban life is one of the most important issues around the world and providing comfort and well-being of citizens along with providing positive and uplifting emotions is essential. It is important to increase the quality of urban life and improve The components related to the place have been studied and one of the important dimensions in improving the quality of life of urban dwellers is the attachment to the place. Due to the new design-led urban planning approach, this study tries to answer this important point and its purpose is to identify the factors affecting the promotion of a sense of attachment to the place by emphasizing the design-led planning approach. First, by studying the literature and previous researches in the field of sense of attachment to the place, the primary and influential factors were summarized and in order to analyze the data, the content analysis method was used. In open coding, 76 indicators were identified, which in axial coding were summarized in 9 criteria: environmental-contextual, emotional-emotional, social-participatory, physical, cultural-belief, cognitive-perceptual, user individuality, design and planning. As a result, in selective coding, 3 influential factors of place identity, place dependence and design-based planning were determined and presented in the form of a conceptual model of these factors affecting the promotion of sense of attachment to the place with emphasis on design-led planning approach.

Contemporary physical and urban spaces face unfortunate consequences due to the sensory deprivation of human connection with the world around them And overemphasis on the mental and conceptual dimensions of architecture further leads to the destruction of the physical, sensory nature of architecture.Mark L. Johnson and George Lakoff pay special attention to the ability of architectural phenomenology to make the created spaces meaningful, by raising the issue of the physicality of meaning and emphasizing the importance of the body's place in the process of perception and cognition.. This study seeks to answer the question of what patterns underlie the fundamental phenomenological quality of the experience of bodily perception from the perspective of Johnson and Lakoff's ideas? And what components does he discover as receiving the meaning derived from the experience of presence? The research findings show that bodily sensory perception is the center of our experience and understanding of the world around us in order to give a pure experience to human beings. The results of this study indicate that eleven components were extracted based on the phenomenological concepts of sensory perceptions in order to determine the qualitative patterns of perception of the corporeality of meaning in the urban space of several squares of Tehran, including event space, patterning activities, sensory richness, readability, memory and imagination, Presence, sense of history, detail, geometric form and proportions, surroundings and signs.

The issue of Rentierism is common topic in economies based on selling of the natural resources. In Iran, the accumulation of monetary resources from the oil trade in control of the government has led to rents. The resources that the government distributes at its own desire in different areas. In the meantime, combining the money factor and land will form housing rentierism in Iran. Meanwhile, combining the economic factor with land and housing in the form of land and housing rentierism, which is very common in Iran urban-rural and natural landscapes. The interest of this type of rentierism in the spatial concentration of the capital and its surroundings has become the center of such phenomenon. The present study has been conducted in related to this sort of rentierism in Taleghan county as one of the hinterlands of Tehran and Karaj metropolises, in order to identify the local-regional process of rentierism creation and expansion. This research was done using qualitative research method (using grounded theory model). The type of research was fundamental and had the purpose of enhancing-expanding the knowledge. The research tools were interviews, the statistical population of researchers in the field of rentier economy in land and housing sector, a sample of 15 people.The analysis of the interview was also performed with the MAXQDA 2018 software. The results analyzed at both lexical and categorical levels. Thus, 5 codes and 54 sub-codes related to the dimensions and factors of creating and expanding land-housing rentierism in Taleghan county been identified.

One of the most important requirements is to address the physical issues of residential structures in cities, to explain the concept of resilience and, consequently, to strengthen these structures in the face of possible accidents and hazards. Among these, according to the concept of resilience, which depends on the amount of destruction and damage that a system is able to absorb and tolerate, as well as the ability to self- rganize in different situations and the ability of the system to create and increase learning capacity and strengthen adaptation to conditions. Therefore, in this study, we seek to investigate the physical, environmental and institutional situation of Islamshahr in relation to the situation of resilience and possible earthquake hazards, in order to improve The city has taken steps to reduce resilience and reduce potential risks. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of data collection is library and field study. In order to analyze the data, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests as well as factor analysis have been used. It is direct and how they function and their status plays an essential role in reducing and intensifying accidents.

Preparation and risk reduction in natural disaster management requires geological information. In this regard, it is necessary to assess the landslide probability for a region that is landslide susceptible due to its geographical situation and construction projects. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the potential for landslides in a region that is landslide susceptible due to its geographic location and construction projects. Due to the growing use of multi criteria decision making in zoning and landslide probability, the present study used fuzzy models in combination with GIS. Fuzzy membership maps were produced In order to evaluate landslide probability, and GIS tools and convergence statistical analysis were used to evaluate the importance of each landslide and produce landslide hazard zoning maps. Results indicate that Matching Gamma maps regions with high landslide risk were 2461 hectares which require soil conservation and watershed management studies.

The bazaar is one of the important and influential elements in Islamic cities. The built space of traditional bazaars represents the architectural identity and urban planning of the city, and social interactions are strengthened in this space. The purpose of the research is to investigate the characteristics of local architecture and cultural indicators based on social interaction in the traditional bazaars of Tabriz, Urmia, and Zanjan. Data was collected through historical-analytical documents, descriptive survey method, and the technique of questionnaires and research sheets. Questionnaires were completed from guilds, trades, and customers of the bazaar through the sampling method. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through experts and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was above 0.7. The findings showed that the components of space, climate, landscape, and culture and form are effective in creating an atmosphere of social interaction in the traditional bazaars of northwestern Iran. Functionally, the traditional space of the bazaar fulfills the needs of citizens and strengthens the sense of belonging and creates the potential of social networks. Therefore, how traditional spaces respond to human needs is considered in this research. How can you make a deep connection with the traditional bazaar patterns based on the concepts of native architecture and regional culture?

The present study has analyzed the position of Iran's regional influence in the new geopolitics of the Middle East with emphasis on the period 2011 to 2020 and has used a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the research findings. The results show that factors such as increasing Iran's influence in Iraq, increasing Iran's influence in Jordan and increasing Iran's influence in Yemen and increasing the influence of culture through historical-cultural and linguistic commonalities in the Middle East are the highest factors of the Islamic Republic of Iran. be Factors such as increasing Iran's influence in Kuwait, reducing Iran-UAE tensions, reducing Iran-Bahrain tensions and increasing Iran's influence in Jordan are not considered as Iran's strategies in the new geopolitical structure of the Middle East. In the next article, the most important challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran in the new geopolitical structure of the Middle East are factors such as Saudi Arabia's economic and political support for separatist parties in Iran, increasing support for the disbanded Komula party, Mossad spies and the terrorist regime. US and Turkish economic and political support for separatist parties in Iran are the most important challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran in the new geopolitical structure of the Middle East.

The identities of any society are influenced by the political, economic, cultural and social conditions of that society. Despite the existence of common elements between identities and their construction, the identity of the Islamic Revolution has a different approach due to its religious and Islamic principles. In this regard, the present study seeks to examine the consolidating elements of national identity from the perspective of Imam Khomeini's thought. Therefore, the research question is what are the characteristics of the elements that shape the discourse of the Islamic Revolution from Imam Khomeini's point of view? They are not places and they conquered territories. This approach can be a basis for regionalization and globalization of the idea of identity desired by Imam Khomeini (ra), which causes the fattening of national identity and its support outside the territorial borders of Iran. At the forefront of these concepts is the universal umbrella of the "Islamic Ummah" as a fundamental principle. The method that has been used to study these cases is the descriptive-analytical method and citing library sources, views and statements of Imam Khomeini.

Energy security is an economic-political issue, so on the one hand, important parts of the economy talk about availability, scarcity, market performance and price formation, energy trade and economic development of countries, and On the other hand, energy security is determined by the geopolitical environment and international relations. This descriptive-analytical research seeks to evaluate the level of domestic energy availability, consumption levels and energy policies in an economic analysis and to prove with the relevant descriptions that the international economic order controls the energy market. This theoretical framework analyzes the interactions between economics and politics in the international system, and in particular between governments and markets. In order to explain, economic analysis, international political economy, and international relations will provide an ideal conceptual and theoretical basis for the subject under analysis. Was. For this reason, in order to explain the subject, questions are raised that the accuracy of their analysis can logically answer the impact and impressionability, the first question is how the economy affects political issues? And the second question in line with the first question is how the level of openness and integration in the international economy affects the national policies, interests and decisions of different actors?

Floods are one of the natural hazards that cause a lot of damage in cities. Resilience is one of the ways to reduce the effects of natural hazards. In this study, the material resilience of Isfahan against urban floods was investigated. First, Gis layers of 15 areas of Isfahan city and materials were prepared and the problems of each area were extracted. Then factor analysis was performed on them and the factors affecting the materials were identified. The relevant questionnaire was completed by 35 experts to assess material problems and related tests were performed on them. According to the results, a total of 4 factors explain more than 90% of the variance of the data. The first factor with 50.51% was called slope correction, the second factor with 18.45% was called material reopening, the third factor with 13.14% was called material cleaning, and the fourth factor with 8.2% was named as dredging. The results of t-test showed that according to the average of community 3 in all three social, physical and managerial-institutional criteria, the material situation of Isfahan is at a desirable level. In the community of 5, all three material criteria of Isfahan are far from the desired conditions. Considering that the materials of regions 15, 6, 12 and 10 have the least problems, respectively, it can be said that these regions have the highest resilience and the materials of regions 9, 8, 1 and 13 have the most problems. They have the least resilience.

Cities are one of the human-geographical phenomena that have an important and prominent position in the equations of politics and power. From the past until now, cities have been the seat of rulers, a symbol and a space for exercising power in the realm of government, as well as a place to display the glory of power and the struggle over power, and hence the explanation of the city is a complex matter. On the other hand, the cities are continuously competing with each other, so that the actors try to attract more of their financial and human capital. According to this introduction, if we consider cities and especially metropolises as the center of resources and wealth for the production of power, in Iran, the metropolis of Tehran is considered as the center of power production in the country, which has many geographical and human resources of power that the actors in They are trying to shape power relations by having these resources. In the meantime, the human dimensions of the geopolitics of Tehran metropolis include the sources of power that the actors seek to acquire and exploit. The present research, using the descriptive-analytical method, seeks to identify geopolitical components with a human nature in the metropolis of Tehran. Based on the findings of the research, population quantity, population quality, population structure, population diversity, centrality of political parties, efficient urban management, political-social participation of citizens are among the geographic sources of power with human nature in Tehran metropolis. The results of the research show that geopolitical components with a human nature have given Tehran metropolis a competitive advantage so that it can play a role at (national and transnational) levels and gain a geopolitical position for this city.

Effective leadership is one of the most effective strategies for attracting and retaining talent and ensuring competitive advantage in the long term. The main issue that the researcher pursues in this research This is to what extent the system of development and improvement of human resources in medical science university of Mazandaran makes it possible to develop leadership, at the individual and system level? The research is applied in terms of purpose and is a survey in terms of nature and descriptive method. The statistical population included the staff of medical science university of Mazandaran who were selected from 265 people by stratified random sampling method. Library method and researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect information, The validity of the questions was evaluated and confirmed using the CVR criterion. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the value of which was 0.8. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the data. The evaluation results showed that the human resources development and improvement system of medical science university of Mazandaran provides the possibility of developing the leadership process at the individual level. At the system level, in terms of organizational learning and appropriate network conditions, But in the dimension of shared leadership, it is not possible to develop leadership. It also takes the necessary measures to improve individual and system level interactions, stress management and system adaptation to complex conditions. On the other hand, it also provides the necessary facilitators for the development of leadership

Dealing with corruption is now in the focus of domestic law and international law documents. Several international documents have been prepared to deal with corruption, in which corruption in the banking system has also been taken into consideration. Among them, the International Convention against Corruption, the International Convention on Organized Crime and the 1988 Basel Agreement can be mentioned. In Islamic approaches to banking corruption based on some Islamic rules such as; The prohibition of robbery and misappropriation of wealth has been countered. The present article has first examined and analyzed the situation of dealing with banking corruption from the perspective of international law by reviewing international documents, after that the Islamic approaches and teachings of dealing with corruption have been pointed out, so that in this way, the capacities of these two systems in dealing with bank corruption in a historical and analytical way. The conclusion of the research is that the major differences in these two legal systems will cause the non-criminalization of some criminal behaviors, the existence of numerous rule-making institutions in the field of fighting banking corruption, and the lack of a specific rule-making authority in Islamic jurisprudence in the field of fighting banking corruption. .

Inefficient urban contexts, including suburbanization and the issues and problems associated with them, have emerged as one of the major challenges of the country's urban planning and management system in recent decades. Lack of attraction of marginalized people in the economic and social system of the city causes these people to be expelled to informal areas that are prone to various crimes and delinquencies.One of the objectives of this study is to investigate the relationship between the place of residence of citizens in the suburbs of Yasuj and the increase in crime in these settlements.The present research is descriptive-inferential in nature and scholarly (developmental-applied) in terms of research purpose. The spatial framework of the research and the statistical population include the population of Yasuj (134532 people) and the surrounding settlements including Madavan Sofla, Belhazar and Mehrian (19908 people) (Statistical Center of Iran, 2016). 383 people, random sampling method, data collection tool for criminals who have committed urban crimes in this geographical area, was done through a questionnaire and obtaining information from relevant agencies. In order to validate the research questionnaire, the opinions of consulting professors and supervisors and to assess the reliability of the survey work, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between the residence of citizens in the suburbs of Yasuj and the increase in crime in these settlements and migration, poverty culture, inadequate urban infrastructure, psychological and social damage, family differences and honor in the rate of crime.They are effective cities.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of antecedent and outcome factors of the country of origin of production on the acceptance of Iranian consumers of Chinese goods.The present study, according to the existing objectives, is an applied research and a technique used to collect information and survey data.The statistical population of the study includes consumers(citizens aged 15 to 65 years)and the sample size of the study is 384 people.In order to collect data, multi-stage cluster sampling method was used.The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire and consists of 53 questions in the form of Likert scale.Validity or validity of research tools, using the CH method.The lavage was calculated and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the research instrument.Based on the results of multivariate regression, the effect of product price variables, advertising and branding, consumer attitude towards production origin, brand image, product characteristics, consumer perception of products and socio-economic base on the acceptance of Chinese goods by Iranian consumers is significant.But the effect of attitudes toward foreign products(nationalism)with a significant level (0.592)and social and cultural factors with a significant level (0.389)on the acceptance of Chinese goods by Iranian consumers is not significant.According to the research findings, it can be concluded that despite the negative attitude towards Chinese products in the country, consumers easily accept the desired characteristics of goods and reasonable prices of Chinese goods if there is a brand image.

Social wellbeing has a great impact on physical and social health, as well as, promoting environmental justice in local communities. Despite several studies on the concept of social well-being in relation to social environment, the majority of these works have been conducted in developed countries. The study aimed to investigate the association of social environment aspects (safety, social participation, social network, and social cohesion) with social well-being in low economic neighborhoods in an Iranian adult population. A total of 1100 questionnaires systematically were distributed among adults population residing in 4 low income neighborhoods of Bandar Abbas city, Iran. Of these 924 qualified questionnaires were used for further analysis. Despite the low economic conditions, social well-being were reported high. In addition, women reported higher social well-being than men. Women were socially more active than men, however were perceived less safe compared to their counterparts. All aspects of social variables positively contributed with social well-being among men, while in women group no link between safety and social well-being were determined. Findings suggest that programming efforts and research should focus on increasing social activities that support social participation and social cohesion to promote social well-being among residents. Designing and implementing effective intervention to improve inviting spaces to do small and large social activities can help in rising social well-being in low income neighborhoods.

The main purpose of this article is to identify the factors affecting the domestic tourism demand in Tehran with the Dimtel approach and content analysis. The method of conducting research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In order to conduct this research, in addition to the documentary study, the content analysis technique with MAXQDA12 software was used to identify the factors and components. The statistical population in this study was all experts in the field of management and cultural planning, tourism, which after the interview was 11 theoretical saturation and all interviews lasted between 60 to 85 minutes. In addition, semi-structured interviews with university experts and specialized physicians in 1399 were conducted in the form of open, pivotal and selective codes, and the Dimtel technique was used to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness of the components. According to the semi-structured interviews, 269 concepts and 66 open codes were extracted for the factors affecting the domestic tourism demand in Tehran, which finally included 6 dimensions (social services, welfare and advertising services, economic services, cultural and religious services, services Tourism and educational services) were extracted as the main factors for domestic tourism demand in Tehran. Then, according to the pairwise comparison questionnaire to identify the effective and influential components, it was determined that the components of tourism services, welfare and advertising services, social services and cultural and religious services, respectively, and the dimensions of educational services and economic services are affected, respectively.

The present research seeks to describe and interpret the actions and actions of the participants (third grade high school students in Shiraz city) in the phenomenon of user identity and security in Telegram and Instagram social networks and discover the lived experience of entering social networks. and describe The complexity and multifacetedness of the phenomenon under study on the one hand, and its contextuality in the cultural context on the other hand, led to the adoption of a qualitative approach and phenomenological strategy and contextual theory. For this purpose, we tried to collect research data with various tools such as in-depth and semi-structured interviews, field and collaborative observations, informal conversations and the use of documents and reports. The statistical population of the research includes 15 female students and 18 male students in one district of Shiraz. The researcher stopped the interview after reaching theoretical saturation. In this research, a combination of two qualitative methods, phenomenology and grounded theory, and two theoretical and purposeful sampling methods were used. From the review of the texts related to the data collected from interviews with users of virtual space, the concepts of self-reflection and the development of reflexive thinking, interactions and communications in Telegram and Instagram, the experience of time and place displacement, the experience of anxiety and trust, the experience of freedom, independence Individuality and power of idealism, communication transformation, controllism and lack of security were extracted. The main and final concept of the director's power, which expresses the role-playing and action power of the virtual space user compared to the real world, and the user can experience diverse and sometimes conflicting roles and functions at the same time, which is due to the user's directorial power in the social network.

Urban development plans are the most important tools for the physical organization of cities. Many of these projects have failed to achieve their goals. The purpose of this study was to prioritize the obstacles to the non-realization of urban development plans in the Lamezan city. The area in this research is Lamezan city, in Hormozgan province. In order to identify the most important criteria, firstly through interviews with 20 experts and urban planners, obstacles were identified. The main criteria are: 1-Obstacles and problems of urban management, 2-Problems of project approval, 3- Problems of the project preparation process. The criteria in the form of fuzzy Delphi questionnaire were provided to a statistical population consisting of 120 senior city managers and faculty members. Criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized using fuzzy AHP. The results showed that among sub-criteria related to criterion of obstacles and problems of urban management, the sub-criteria of managerial body weakness and lack of integrated urban management was in the first rank and sub-criterion of improving external and internal communications was in the last rank. Among sub-criteria of problems of project approval, the sub-criterion of approval from above and the lack of influence of people’s representatives in approving the plan was in the first rank and sub-criterion of lack of coordination was in the last rank. Among sub-criteria of problems of design process, sub-criterion of lengthy preparation process was in the first rank, and sub-criterion of lack of complete and up-to-date information was in the last rank.

Tourism and its ever-increasing development as well as the creation of second homes affected by the presence of tourists in tourist areas is an important issue due to the effects it leaves behind in the host society. Second homes and their expansion undoubtedly bring environmental advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to investigate the environmental effects of the creation and expansion of second homes in the tourist area of ​​Lahijan. The environmental effects resulting from the creation of second homes were taken from the information obtained from the theoretical foundations of the research and summarized in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was calculated using the alpha formula of 0.79 and was provided to the respondents. The statistical population was calculated with the help of Cochran's formula of 125 experts and specialists. To analyze the data obtained from the questionnaires, SPSS software was used to test the hypothesis, and one-sample t-test statistics were used. Correlation coefficient and analysis of variance were used to check the hypotheses. The results showed that the correlation between viability and vulnerability is 0.53, which is significant with a significance level of 0.0001. The correlation between physical-spatial dimension is 0.42, which is significant with a significance level of 0.001. The correlation between cultural-social dimension is 0.27, which is significant with a significance level of 0.02. The correlation between environment is 0.29 which is significant with a significance level of 0.01. The correlation between the economic dimension is 0.32, which is significant with a significance level of 0.001. The results of variance analysis showed that the effects of livability are different between different villages.

In connection with the development of tourism, important and less considered categories such as sociological characteristics, in particular, the individualistic tendencies of the host society from the perspective of tourists have a significant role in the view and satisfaction of tourists. Therefore, various dimensions of individualism should be considered in analyzing and explaining the capacity of the host society. In this study, an attempt has been made to find solutions to increase the satisfaction of tourists by recognizing the effective factors on increasing the selfish individualism of the host community of Qeshm Island tourists. The researcher with the pragmatism paradigm approach extracted the items using interviews and by analyzing the heuristic factor into four lifestyle variables with a correlation of 0.697, life satisfaction with a correlation of -0.520, generalization with a correlation of -0.539 and generalized trust with a correlation of 0.860. - achieved with the dependent variable of selfish individualism. The results indicate that the increase in modern lifestyle tendencies has increased selfish individualism, but the increase in life satisfaction, generalization and generalized trust is inversely related to the increase in selfish individualism.

Neighborhood development in the form of a participatory, democratic and neighborhood-based process has been emphasized for decades in developed countries as the focus of sustainable urban development programs and metropolitan areas. On the other hand, in order to improve the business environment and increase economic growth and development, the necessary conditions for this issue must be met. Therefore, concepts such as collective participation, attachment to the neighborhood environment, creating equal opportunities with greater efficiency, are only materialized in the shadow of the concept of neighborhood development and urban neighborhood planning. The main purpose of this article is to provide a qualitative model of new business development with a neighborhood-based approach in the metropolis of Tehran. The main question of the article is what are the dimensions, components and important characteristics in business development and neighborhood performance in Tehran? The research method of this research is content analysis with a deductive categorical system, and its type is applied. By identifying 615 concept codes, coding and categorizing them in three steps, finally 189 main indicators; in five dimensions and 22 components, these indicators were explained and adjusted using a three-stage Delphi technique among 32 scientific and executive experts. Finally, a new business development model based on the neighborhood-based approach in the metropolitan area of Tehran was presented in five dimensions: information technology development, improving the business environment, customer relationship management, neighborhood-centered approach and entrepreneurial leadership.

This article examines Iran's approach to combating drug trafficking and psychotropic substances under the 1998 Vienna Convention. The research method was library. Under the 1998 Vienna Convention, all members must commit themselves to eliminating or reducing the illicit demand for narcotics, to monitoring the raw materials and chemicals used in the illicit manufacture of narcotics and psychedelics, and to ensuring that commercial carriers are not used to transport narcotics and Psychedelics are not allowed, this requires preventing drug trafficking in ports and free trade places, postal centers and shipping. Findings of the research indicate that: creating a platform and effectiveness of the fight against interactive policy-making, promotion of international mechanisms for drug control (conventions, laws, etc., meeting the expectations of international bodies in the field of drug control, review and monitoring Addressing all aspects of drugs (trafficking and consumption) of the international community, promoting the fight through mutual assistance to countries and regional and international projects, facilitating the fight against compliance with conventions and laws at the national and international levels are also important and priority issues. Is being pursued and implemented by the Islamic Republic of Iran in the international anti-narcotics sector, and the adoption of a new anti-narcotics law has provided a more appropriate framework for such cooperation.

this research is a part of applied research, and in terms of nature and method, it is in the descriptive-analytical research group, relying on statistics and numbers, where quantitative findings are analyzed analytically and qualitative findings are evaluated and tested descriptively. they got. Data collection was done using researcher-made questionnaires and interviews, and its analysis was done with SPSS statistical software. Data collection was done in two parts of library studies and field studies, questionnaires were prepared and completed, and interviews were conducted with the experts of the municipality of Region 12, especially the urban planning experts, the urban improvement and renovation organization, and the residents of the historical neighborhoods. The statistical population of this research was all the experts, managers and personnel of urban planning and organization of worn-out fabric, which in general had 123 people. The statistical sample of the research was a total of urban planning experts and specialists and people living in the region, who were selected as a sample of 93 people using the Cochran and Borgesi formula. Tehran, some of its most important features were briefly mentioned and the need to improve the living conditions and livability indicators, this area needs to modify the existing conditions that are suitable and compatible with modern urban functions and on the scale of the center of a metropolis on the one hand and to improve the living conditions. The adaptability of the region is on the other hand.

The purpose of this study is to explain the reconstruction of the historical context of the city with emphasis on the revival and prosperity of public spaces in the 12th district of Tehran. The method of the present study is developmental in terms of purpose because it aims to identify and construct a conceptual model of integrated urban regeneration from the perspective of sustainable development. Also, in terms of data type, this research is a combination of research (qualitative-quantitative). The sample size is 384 people. The results show that the total regeneration index is a combination of the average of the four components in this study. A single-sample t-test was used for the total component status. The results of this test show that the significance is at the level of 95%. Considering the estimated average value (3) and the average obtained from the statistical population (2.40) and the negative difference between the two, this result shows that the total regeneration index is not in a good condition and the assumption of low regeneration satisfaction is acceptable in the study area.

Sustainable urban development means moving on the human-environment axis and, as a means of realizing it, can strengthen the participation of the people. Therefore, the present research aims to compare the views of citizens and urban managers on the factors affecting collective participation in the implementation of urban development plans. For this purpose, 384 citizens and 50 urban planners were selected as statistical samples. Data were collected through a review of the sources and a researcher-made questionnaire containing two demographic and effective factors in gaining trust Social participation took place in urban development. The results of this study showed that urban and city planners' scores on citizens' characteristics for trust in participation (Sig=0.538), the impact of urban development plan in terms of this, on citizens' trust in collective participation (Sig. 0.538) have no significant difference. But the scores of urban managers and planners on the factors influencing the trust of citizens in the spatial location were higher than that of citizens (Sig=0.023). Finally, according to the results of this research, it can be mentioned:(1) the characteristics of citizens are of paramount importance for trusting in participation from the point of view of urban planners and citizens,(2) The impact of the urban development plan on the trust of citizens in terms of collective participation is important from the point of view of urban planners and citizens and(3) Factors affecting the trust of citizens in the local area from the point of view of urban planners and citizens have their own weight.

Job stress is one of the most important phenomena in social life and a serious threat to the health of the workforce in the world. Considering the development of construction in different environments and geographical areas of the country and the activities of a large number of people in these projects, the need to assess the factors affecting job stress in employees in the construction industry seems to be important to control these factors. Important for the health of employees in the construction industry to be removed. In this research, the relationship between geographical-environmental factors and job stress of employees of large construction projects has been investigated using a multi-criteria decision-making method in order to help optimal urban planning. For this purpose, 73 people were selected from the statistical population of the study as a statistical sample. Components affecting job stress include geographical-environmental pressures (unfavorable climate, natural and man-made environmental hazards), work pressure, time constraints, long working hours, heavy traffic, unpredictable working hours and lack of manpower, respectively. As the results of statistical analysis showed that workload has the greatest impact on job stress of employees in construction projects, which experiences and observations in construction workshops also show the effect of job stress on job stress of employees in construction projects. The reason for this vulnerability is the heavy and erosive activities in construction projects. Also, pressure and time constraints increase the job stress of construction project staff, especially in the presence of senior officials.

Modernity is an universal and dominant thought, that produces a great narrative and it includes small identities and they are being used to create a great narrative.Intellectuals tried to present a great narrative about Iranian identity,with emphasis on nationalism and in this way, they considered small and native identities as an obstacle to the realization of their narrative and they tried to reject or remove that. In this attitude,anything that disrupted Iran`s great concept was discared or was looked at it with pessimism. The narration of history from the Islamic basis found an Iranian basis and ancient history was viewed as an independent subject. In order to spread education and find a clear identity, it was suggested to improve the language and alphabet, and ethnicity and native identities specially Arabs, was viewed as an important factor in Iran`s backwardness and non_formation of the “home land”. In this article, the author examines the works of three Iranian intellectuals (Mirza FathAli Akhundzadeh,Mirza AgaKhan Kermani and Jalaluddin Mirza Qajar) and seeks to analyze their view of micro-identities to show that this view has a great impact on the intellectualism of the constitutional era and left the first Pahlavi period, which was with an emphasis on nationalism, and this in itself has strengthened the Iranian identity and indigenous culture and its manifestation in cities and urban planning, because cities should not distance themselves from their original and indigenous identity because they themselves It causes social and physical and identity anomalies in cities and citizens.

Climate change has been accepted as one of the new challenges that affects the international community from different dimensions, so that in addition to the existence of several related international conventions, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The climate and the Paris Convention have also entered the discussions of the United Nations Security Council. However, it seems that the major problems in combating climate change are directed at the developing countries rather than the developed countries, and this has been proven for several major scientific reasons, because despite the fact that the governments Developed countries are the largest producers of greenhouse gases in the world, but developing or less developed countries are exposed to the most negative effects of climate change. The drying up of pastures, increasing air temperature, consecutive droughts or torrential rains, which also bring many environmental risks, are aimed at developing and less developed countries. Developing and less developed countries have the least technological capabilities in the field of combating climate change. Technologies related to climate change that are responsible for mitigation and adaptation are mainly created in developed countries. And intellectual property rights protect these technologies as valuable assets. Special property monopolies create technological challenges and opportunities in dealing with climate change. This research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical approach, the main question is how the international legal system has formed the legal regime in the field of climate change, and then we aim to do this with regard to the international legal regime of climate change. What are the challenges and opportunities of technology transfer?

In the Nasserite era, during the border tensions between Iran and the Ottomans, the Ardalans were more motivated to use their military and economic capabilities to support Iran in order to maintain their territory and the continuity of their rule. Relative influence in Kurdistan had no other choice. The results of this study show that Iran-Ottoman relations have always been accompanied by war and peace, most of which were related to border issues. After the end of the Crimean War, a commission of representatives of the Iranian and Ottoman governments was formed in Istanbul Haj Mirza Mohsen Khan Mushir al-Dawla and Mirza Mohabeli Khan were the Nazim al-Mulk. Before the start of the quadripartite talks to resolve the differences between the two governments in the border areas, there was a serious alarm for Iran and even the representatives of the intermediary governments. Because it showed that the Ottoman side, unlike the Iranian government, which had sincerely stepped forward for dialogue, was seeking to use force to gain concessions, rather than seeking dialogue to resolve disputes. The thick occupation of Istanbul was designed for specific purposes and was carried out by Darwish Pasha.

The Minab Plain and the vast, alluvial Maghistan Plain are home to one of the oldest and most ancient southeastern Iranian civilizations. This plain is located in the east of Hormozgan province. Human civilizations have been formed and settled on the banks of this river due to the existence of water and strategic conditions. In this plain, various historical sites have been identified that have been inhabited since prehistoric times. Important ancient cities on the shorelands and hinterlands of the Persian Gulf were discovered and excavated in archaeological surveys. The findings were astounding, and several prehistoric to historical sites were discovered on the banks of the Minab River, 40 km from its basin point to the Persian Gulf. According to excavations, these cities date back to the Bronze Age in the fourth millennium BC. In addition to archaeological findings, historical and geographical writings also refer to different cities in this region in different parts and historical periods. In this study, the strategic position of the civilization of the eastern part of Hormozgan was examined and explained with a descriptive-analytical approach, using the library method and related documents and texts, as well as a field visit to this region. The results indicated that the most important factors affecting the development of civilization in this plain were the strategic position of Moghestan Plain, the flow of Minab River in the plain, and the passage of the ancient Persian Gulf trade route to the interior of Iran.

Today, the interior architecture of educational spaces is of special importance, and art designers place great emphasis on designing educational spaces in accordance with their standards and uses, especially in the faculties of art and architecture, for students to learn and be creative. The arrangement of tables and chairs in educational spaces, the physical dimensions of architecture, light and color, etc. at the level of classrooms and design workshops are among the factors that need a comprehensive and complete study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of table and chair arrangement in the environment of architectural design workshops on promoting students' creativity.The statistical population of this study was selected from undergraduate students of Bahonar Technical College in Shiraz in the field of architecture.For this purpose, in order to achieve the best table and chair arrangement and factors affecting creativity, the method of collecting quantitative and qualitative information including Torrance Creativity Questionnaire and Sketch test of students was used and scored based on Torrance evaluation indicators.Then the evaluation of the tests by Excel software is presented in the form of tables and graphs and their analysis is presented based on the factors affecting creativity, spatial traits affecting creativity, creative axes and stages of the creative process. The result shows that there is a significant relationship between physical factors such as the layout of the design workshop and the factors affecting the increase of students' creativity.

Cities face important challenges in relation to the pressures of change, urban transformation, and the effects of climate change. Urban resilience in Bandar Abbas is defined as one of the key dimensions of sustainable development, in the sense of "the ability of the city in preparedness, accountability and public health, economy and security." The aim of this Survey was to investigate the relationship between air quality and urban resilience in Bandar Abbas and to present urban management and planning strategies. The process of conducting this research includes: First stage: Evaluation of environmental resilience of Bandar Abbas city in air quality index and components based on the data of air quality monitoring system of the country from environmental stations of Bandar Abbas city and based on calculation, determination and Announcement of air quality index published by the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education; Second stage: Evaluation and analysis of resilience of Bandar Abbas city in dimensions and components of air based on air index in accordance with the opinions of experts on urban issues and data access. Step 3: Investigating the relationship between indicators and components of air quality and resilience in Bandar Abbas using the results of t-test. Step 4: Present urban management and planning strategies to make Bandar Abbas resilient in the air quality index according to the frequency of ranking strategies by experts and research results around the world according to the current environmental situation of Bandar Abbas.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a sustainable human resources planning and management model in the Iranian petrochemical industry based on the future research approach. In terms of the objective, the current research is a type of applied and mixed quantitative and qualitative research, and in terms of the implementation method, it is a descriptive-survey type of research. The statistical population of the research includes 15 experts who are the decision team in identifying the indicators and dimensions of the variables, which were used by the non-random (targeted) method and the snowball method. The findings of the research show that the sustainable human resources planning and management model based on the future research approach consists of four main dimensions (input, organization, process, output) and 15 components and 53 indicators. These findings were obtained in three stages from expert questionnaires, first stage Delphi technique and second stage Delphi technique. The results of the research indicate that in the design of sustainable human resource management model in Iran's petrochemical industry based on the future research approach, attention should be paid to the four dimensions of sustainable human resource management: input, organization, process and output.

The purpose of this study is to identifying and designing the current status of educational components based on economic education with an entrepreneurial approach in elementary school. The present study was conducted using a mixed exploratory research design. In the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used with a directional approach and in the quantitative part, the descriptive survey method was used. Then, based on the obtained components, a 112-item questionnaire was constructed. The statistical sample in the quantitative section included 320 specialists in the fields of entrepreneurship and economics and curriculum and managers and deputies, education experts and faculty members with degrees in education in North Khorasan province. In order to analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis method and structural equation modeling approach with Demetel technique were used. Findings from content analysis led to the design of an educational model based on economic education with an entrepreneurial approach with four dimensions: "individual and personal aspects, economic culture and ethics, economic concepts and causes and social skills" and 11 components. Findings showed that the measurement tool has factor validity. Also, the values related to estimating Cronbach's alpha coefficient in order to measure the internal correlation of basic themes were higher than 0.7, so the measuring tool related to these concepts had sufficient measurement accuracy. Therefore, based on the results, it can be stated that the inclusion of educational components based on economic education with an entrepreneurial approach can be useful in the economic education of elementary school students.

Apartments with a small area, inadequate ventilation, and lack of semi-open spaces such as balconies are among the challenges of living in human settlements today, which must be solved by scientific planning and construction. Investigating the effectiveness of the balcony and its optimization methods in residential apartments. In this research, questionnaires were prepared for all age groups from 10 to 80 years old, and more than 100 balconies were examined in districts 7 and 8 of Tehran, Pardis and Parand. SPSS software was also used for data analysis. The studied area, with an area of ​​15335212.41 square meters, constitutes 1.2% of the total area of ​​Tehran and ranks 15th among the areas of Tehran. The population of the region is 194,312 people. District 8 of Tehran is located in the eastern part of Tehran with an area of ​​1339 hectares and a population of 377,806. In the investigated areas, the balcony is not effective due to reasons such as lack of privacy, wrong placement in terms of architectural space design, inappropriate location in terms of climate, small area and lack of security, lack of green space, etc. The results of the research showed that the lack of proper private space and the preservation of privacy in semi-open spaces are considered the most important factors in the poor functioning of the balcony in residential units, which should be planned in order to solve them.

This study was conducted with the aim of a method for selecting building materials in terms of energy (case study in Sari). In this study, to investigate the reduction of electricity and fuel consumption in the study building for the city of Sari was conducted. The main question of the research is what is the effect of energy design factors in temperate and humid climate to provide a sustainable housing design model from the perspective of energy based on optimal materials? Residential buildings are responsible for a significant portion of energy consumption around the world. In buildings, different materials are used and the construction of any materials and its application in the implementation of the energy building. This energy consumed is the same as the energy that is less addressed in our country. TIn this paper, according to the research background, it will reduce the energy reduction with architectural design strategies A 16-unit 4-storey building has been modeled using Design Builder software. Scenarios studied based on experts's use of materials 1- Clay block 2- Cement block with pumice 3- Foamed cement block 4- Wallcrete block 5- Supported concrete block 6- Aquapanel 7- Three-dimensional panel 8- ICF 9- Wall Reinforced concrete is for interior and exterior walls. . Regarding the annual gas consumption for Sari city, foam concrete blocks have the highest consumption and cement blocks with pumice have the lowest consumption.

The dynamic response of the shelter structures subjected to the near-field and with no-contact explosion and blast loadings can have a considerable amount of complexity. Therefore, this complexity is caused by the relatively interaction between soil and structure and the attenuation of the explosion waves in the soil environment. In the present research, the finite element analysis is done through the explicit method by the finite element computer software called ABAQUS. The structure modeling is done by using the membrane elements which the effect of the soil-structure interaction is modeled by using Wolf’s spring-mass-spring model. The explosion and blast loading are modeled using the linear pressure-time history model based on equal trinitrotoluene (TNT) and the explosion and blast loading distance. The Johnson-Cook material model is used for the sensitivity rate of the material’s strain. The assessment of the soil’s survey, soil type, and depth of burial are investigated in this present research. Results show the soil-structure interaction and soil type play an essential role in the dynamic response of the structure. Also, the mean amount of surrounding soil helps reduce the response of the structure subjected to the near-field no-contact explosion and blast loading.

The purpose of this study is to provide a meta-analysis of the research on the effect of different leisure patterns on Iranian social ethics. This research in the field of definitions and concepts related to "leisure" is more focused on the theories of Domazieh, Parker and the later approach of Rujek, and its theoretical framework is based on the approach of functionalist sociologists, especially Durkheim. This research has investigated the effect of leisure time on Iranian social ethics through meta-analytical method and using documentary and library data by studying its manifestations in areas such as social capital, national identity, social health, social values and cultural consumption. Findings indicate the need to review the conventional approach that often considers leisure time as a dependent variable, because the results of this study show that today leisure time as an independent variable can other areas of social life, including social ethics in various ways. Affect.

Today, the complexities of the construction industry and the developments in the field of technology have forced this industry to use the BIM building information modeling system in many countries, and mapping is one of the most effective approaches in the direction of realization. The goals and development of the future vision of this innovation can be. The purpose of this research is to determine strategies, prioritize and plan the development of the building information modeling system by presenting a paradigm model derived from research based on mapping. Applied research has been carried out qualitatively and with a data-based theory method. For this purpose, this study uses a targeted review of the experiences of leading countries as secondary data to formulate the theoretical framework of the research. Primary data was collected from semi-structured interviews with ten experts and using the qualitative analysis software "Max QDA" during three stages of open, central and selective coding. The strategy of testing the results by the participants and the three-tiered methodological approach or the combined approach has been the validity criteria of the research. Eight main categories: government cooperation; motivation and encouragement; data delivery and exchange; legislation; Creation of digital database and library; Education; monitoring and evaluation standards and frameworks; And the research and development is the result of coding the data, which have been developed for building information modeling roadmap. Based on the findings, the effective strategy that should be paid attention to in the beginning is the cooperation and assistance of the government by starting this movement and informing the society. According to the results shown, the government has been emphasized as the main institution in the implementation of building information modeling. Promoting building information modeling and government support by using it in upstream projects can be a reason to encourage the owners and stakeholders of the industry. Also, better education of students will gradually encourage the construction industry to accept building information modeling. Building information modeling is not only a new technology and application software, but a wide application system and a necessary process, and we should not forget that this system is not related to the future generation and is needed here and now.

Security of gas supply is vital for socio-economic health and sustainable development. Occurrence of operational, physical and organizational disturbances at the level of provincial gas companies has made it necessary to strengthen governance to overcome them and support the security of supply and provision of public services. In this study, which has been implemented for Tehran Gas Company, governance as a multidimensional and hierarchical structure is analyzed to develop its main elements along with reliable measurement metrics of each dimension. The results of the study, which was conducted by confirmatory factor analysis, show that governance at the level of the gas distribution company includes three main dimensions: policy-making and regulation, planning, monitoring, and finally the structure and systems. Transparent authority levels, information sharing, and risk management guidelines are emphasized to strengthen internal controls and reduce disruption, and therefore a continuity program will be effective in creating resilient distribution. The results of this study provide scientific and practical insights into hard (physical) and soft (non-physical) enablers of governance development and improve effectiveness, accountability, informed decision making, and risk management systems and structures to reduce fluctuations. Gas access and supply security support.

With the beginning of the twentieth century, it can be seen that museum and exhibition spaces have started a new development process and these centers have moved away from the traditional understanding of museology and have become multi-purpose scientific, historical and educational centers. With the development of the exhibition concept, interdisciplinary unity increased and space itself was included in the design to establish multi-layered communication. Today, museums no longer display only objects, but the exhibition itself has become a work of art. The importance of the feature is enjoyed. In this research, in order to investigate the effective elements in the design of museums and exhibitions in Islamic and Western architecture, a descriptive-analytical method has been used and the data have been collected by documentary and library methods. The results show that there are three main physical, informational and technical elements involved in the design of exhibition spaces and museums, each of which is divided into other components. To succeed in achieving the goals of any exhibition, there are three important elements of the visitor, the artist and the arranger, each of which is very important to achieve the results we expect.

Security challenges in West Asia have been defined by the significant deterioration of the security structure since 2003. Political and security developments following a political and security vacuum, along with a shift in the balance of power in the region, h. In many cases, security challenges have been maintained by trans-regional powers. The biggest and longest recent intervention in the Bishkek region has been the US intervention in Iraq since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, and most recently the presence of the US coalition in Syria. In both cases, the security regime did not guarantee the security of the region and the security dilemma became more complicated ... Also, the realistic approach and the military view have not been able to provide an answer to the security crisis. The best and clearest explanation of this can be seen in the military interventions in Iraq and Syria, which not only did not lead to long-term stability, but also opened up new tensions and practically turned them into fragmented countries. On the other hand, supra-regional powers in the field of military affairs have tried to secure their arms market among the Taliban, which has always been in the region. In realist discourse, the hypothesis that a state's security problem will be solved by maximizing military power is faced with the problem that not all countries can grow equally, and if one country's security is provided to the detriment of another, the result is It will have no security except crisis.

Today, there is a good awareness that environmental aesthetics in medical centers play an important role in promoting the health and recovery of patients, however, in the body of existing research, this important issue has been forgotten. The present study, while investigating the effect of environmental aesthetics on accelerating patients' recovery, presents design criteria to increase the quality of medical centers. This research is based on the qualitative method and data theory method of the foundation and has been performed on 50 patients admitted to two general hospitals (one with high levels of aesthetics and the other with a simple, conventional and traditional hospital appearance) in Urmia. The research findings show that the aesthetic variables of the environment have their effects as a sedative in a hospital with high levels of aesthetics and improve patients' moods and feelings. These variables include physical elements (relatively fixed) including window views, nature, dimensions and proportions. 2) Interior design (less permanent) including colors, furniture, materials, lighting, indoor plants, works of art and the appearance of the interior; and 3) environmental conditions. Includes lighting, sound, temperature, odor, ventilation and cleanliness. The results of this study provide a new theoretical framework for creating healing environments and explain design strategies to promote environmental aesthetics in medical centers with evidence-based design methods and based on the wishes and preferences of patients.