فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 54، بهار 1403)

Reducing poverty and inequality is one of the most important goals of planners and politicians in different societies of the world. The success of poverty alleviation programs depends on the accurate identification of the phenomenon of poverty. In this study, using the Alkire and Foster multidimensional poverty approach, the multidimensional poverty index in 5 dimensions of education, employment, standard of living, health and housing, for urban and rural areas during the years 1396 to 1398 has been calculated. The results of this study showed that in rural areas about 28% of people are poor and in urban areas about 25% are poor. Poverty rate in 1397 had a decreasing trend but in 1398 had an upward trend. About 51% of the poor live in rural areas and about 49% of them live in urban areas. The highest rate of deprivation in urban and rural areas is related to the employment dimension, which is about 40%. In terms of education, standard of living, health and housing are 16, 4, 24.5 and 15.5 percent, respectively. The multidimensional poverty index in urban and rural areas is 10% and 11.5%, respectively. Deprivation of women in urban and rural areas in terms of education is more than deprivation of men.

A study of the current situation of the energy sector in Sistan and Baluchestan province confirms that the continuation of the current trend can not lead to sustainable development of the province, which will lead to intensification of environmental, economic and social problems. In this paper, information and data obtained from relevant organizations and institutions such as the Ministry of Energy, Meteorological Organization and, Renewable Energy and Energy Eficiency Organization are evaluated and categorized, and then the weighting of various decision-making factors according to priority parameters of the province is accomplished and finally the conclusion has been made using the SWOT analysis. Using such weighting method helps managers and policymakers focus on the most important factors that need immediate attention. In this method, weight coefficients of 0 and 1 are assigned to each point and also in case of possible variables, the assigned values will be from 1 to 3. Using the statistics available in the regional electricity company of the province and also the results of SWOT analytical approach in evaluating the cost and amount of use of fossil energy sources, the possibility of utilizing renewable energy sources in the region is examined and finally practical suggestions and analysis results is presented. The results of this analysis can play an important role in policy-making, decision-making and prioritization of development renewable energy projects in the province.

The strong presence of the government in the economy will cause the exit of the private sector. which will lead to inefficient and non-optimal allocation of resources and as a result reduce economic efficiency. The government should intervene in the economy when the market mechanism alone is not able to optimally allocate resources and create efficiency in the economy and balance in employment. What is the pathology of the government's interventions in economic policy-making according to the fourth and fifth plans of economic development? The findings of the research state; The absence of a long-term policy system and the political elite's lack of belief in a structured and targeted policy system has provided the space for government intervention in Iran's economy. Therefore, in this research, in order to explain the research hypothesis from the point of view of neoliberalism, we examine the development goals of the fourth and fifth economic development programs in order to show that the government's interventions in the economy have caused the development goals not to be realized. To collect data from field studies, sources library and internet have been used.

The political turmoil of the last two centuries in Afghanistan and the unfavorable performance of the four-year Mujahideen government (1371-1975), which resulted in insecurity, corruption and severe cultural and economic poverty, created a suitable environment for the emergence of Taliban in the political scene of Afghanistan. Historically, culturally, and territorially, Afghanistan has a lot in common with Iran. But despite these many commonalities, there are various challenges in the path of convergence of these two countries. purpose of this article is the challenges and opportunities of Iran's foreign policy towards Afghanistan (case study: Taliban government), which is done using the descriptive-analytical method. main question of the research is about the challenges and opportunities of Iran's foreign policy towards Afghanistan in the government. What is Taliban? How is role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the process of war and peace in Afghanistan evaluated? To what extent can history of relations between Islamic Republic of Iran and Afghanistan affect foreign policy of two countries, considering the rule of Taliban? results of research show that challenges such as unclear future of how Taliban will deal with Shiites of Afghanistan and tension over Harivard, as well as Islamic Republic of Iran due to its confrontation with America and presence of this country in Afghanistan, play a role in continuation of war in Afghanistan, and history of relations Islamic Republic of Afghanistan can be influential in foreign policy of two countries due to the Taliban's rule in future in relations between two countries.

Children in Tehran are involved in various forms of work, including garbage collection, which is one of the worst forms of child labour. Scavenging is common among children in Tehran, which is not only harmful to their health but also violates many national and city laws and regulations. This research aims to investigate the contexts and consequences of children's scavenging in Tehran and develop a theory in this area. The grounded theory method was used, and interview and observation techniques were employed to collect data through purposive and theoretical sampling. Additionally, documents and sources in this field were reviewed to build a theory. The research population consisted of children of garbage pickers. A three-step coding method based on the Strauss and Corbin model was used to analyse the data. The findings indicate that economic factors such as poverty and waste economy, socio-cultural factors such as family contexts and social networks, and political factors such as waste management laws and practices have contributed to children's scavenging. Scavengers work within their social networks, which are often exploitative, and their working and living conditions have created vulnerabilities for them and disrupted their effective socialization. Eliminating children's scavenging in Tehran requires a series of policy interventions in Afghanistan and better management of waste collection in Tehran. Suggestions have been presented to address this issue.

The pathology of nationalism discourse in the contemporary era in the works of Sadegh Hedayat and Ahmed Kasravi required political and cultural measures in the government of that time. The main question of this research is that what are the most important features of the discourse of nationalism in the works of Sadegh Hedayat and Ahmed Kasravi, which can be observed by rereading their works? The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The results and findings of the research show that the emphasis on the components such as royal depiction of the king's intellect, promoting a sense of patriotism and patriotism, strengthening and instilling ancient teachings, spreading the Persian language and literature, keeping alive the ancient music of Iran, strengthening national unity, and magnifying actions Shah, strengthening the Iranian national identity and nationalism, created a corridor between the Shah and the people to strengthen and perpetuate the government of Mohammad Reza Shah.

This study was conducted with the motive of investigating the impact of electronic money policies and cryptocurrencies on various aspects of the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The increasing expansion of electronic money and digital financial services such as mobile payments, digital currencies and emerging financial technologies in recent years in Iran has created major opportunities and challenges for the country's economic system and national security. In this article, with the aim of investigating and analyzing the impact of policies and procedures related to electronic money on the vital dimensions of Iran's national security, such as economic security, protection of national infrastructure, and management of intelligent monitoring of the payment network. Research findings show that despite the numerous economic and financial benefits, these policies have increased cyber vulnerabilities and security threats against financial and commercial institutions. Therefore, it seems necessary to adopt legal reforms and invest in cyber security capacities to deal with these growing threats.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the role and position of international law in the prevention of natural disasters. Natural disasters are the cognate of the history of human social life and nature. The method of this article is descriptive-analytical in which an attempt will be made to analyze and explain the problem of the research by using available sources and legal texts as well as scientific research articles. Prevention of natural disasters has a direct relationship with human lives. In other words, strengthening and improving the level of prevention and the role and position of international law increases the value of human dignity and life. The safety of human life has a high position and dignity. The divine verses emphasize the principle of dignity and high value of human life, its preservation and privacy, and the safety of individual and social life of people in individual and social spheres. In the Qur'an, God considers man to be the best of creatures in many cases. The right to life and security of life is one of the most obvious and obvious rights of people in society. Because respecting human dignity and respecting his rights is one of the main duties of governments. In the international scene, in the text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved on December 10, 1948, Article 3 declares: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and personal security. In the sixth article of the Covenant of Civil and Political Rights approved

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of the structural adjustment policies of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on social inequality. In this research, after reviewing the theoretical and experimental background of the research, the dimensions of the main variables obtained from the theoretical framework were evaluated using structural equations. The research method is cross-sectional at this time and in the city of Arak, the Delphi method, which was measured with the questionnaire tool in the production units of Arak as the effectiveness measurement unit. The results obtained from the research variable modeling test showed that the privatization variable has 87% on the social rank of social inequality; 75.1 percent on the local mentality of social inequality; 94.7% had an effect on the social capital of social inequality and 77% on the social role of social inequality. The variable of economic liberalization and the creation of a free currency market had a 55.7% effect on the social rank of social inequality, 54.9% on the social capital of social inequality, and 59.4% on the social role of social inequality, but it did not have a significant effect on the positional mentality. The variable of non-payment of subsidies is 54.1% on the social rank of social inequality; 47.6 percent on the local mentality of social inequality; 52.9% had an effect on the social capital of social inequality and 51.2% had an effect on the social role of social inequality.

The present study was carried out with the aim of applying jurisprudential rulings of crimes leading to death in the Hanbali and Shafi'i schools of thought and its application to relevant laws of Iran with the approach of mitigating the punishment with a descriptive-adaptive method. This research investigated cases of retribution, types of extreme crimes, sexual crimes, crimes against religion and social security, and execution in repeat crimes. The results show that the jurisprudential rulings of crimes warranting death in the Shafi'i and Hanbali religions, as well as in the articles of the Islamic Penal Code, have many similarities, but there are also differences in some cases. For example, in all three, the punishment of taking life is considered for crimes such as adultery, adultery, adultery, corruption of the earth, and crimes that are known as intentional crimes against the soul and human life. The differences that can be seen in the two religions and the criminal law are often the difference in the number of crimes punishable by death and the difference in the conditions and verification of crimes punishable by death. For example, in Iran's Islamic Penal Code, crimes such as drug trafficking, kidnapping, distortion of religion, abuse of power, and espionage are subject to death, while these crimes are not subject to death in Shafi'i and Hanbali jurisprudence. In some other crimes that require execution, the conditions and punishment of crimes in Iran's Islamic Penal Code are different from Shafi'i and Hanbali jurisprudence.

The right to occupational health and safety of employees is recognized as one of the basic human rights in the world community. Based on international human rights documents and their internal system, governments are obliged to protect the safety and health of workers. As an active member of the international community, Iran also has obligations in this field. This research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the duties of the government regarding the right to occupational health and safety, with a comparative approach in international documents and the Iranian legal system. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method and information gathering using library sources to investigate the government's obligations in observing, supporting and implementing occupational health and safety rights. Based on this research, it is necessary for governments to commit to the protection of the right to occupational health and safety, taking into account the national priority, to the extent of their ability and capabilities. Achieving occupational health and safety in Iran can help strengthen human rights, social progress, economic development and reduce public costs.

In the religion of Islam, the family is the most sacred social institution, and the beginning of the family is permanent marriage, and the most important way to dissolve it is divorce. It is one of the rights and characteristics of the husband and the husband cannot take it away from himself, especially it is not possible to delegate divorce directly or in the form of ownership or otherwise, but the husband can give the wife a rightful power of attorney other than by referring to the ruler of Sharia. Divorce himself. This power of attorney can be absolute or binding. According to Imami jurisprudence, absolute power of attorney is permissible in the divorce of a wife. In the civil law, especially Article 1119, the legislator has accepted the binding aspect of power of attorney. According to Imami jurisprudence, the wife can only represent And the power of attorney from the husband to divorce himself, but the jurists of Ahl-e-Sunnah have accepted the power of attorney in the form of risalah and tawwal and divided the tawwil into tawakil, kheer and tamilik, and the wife can act on her own divorce and if If this proxy is for the sake of choice, the wife must divorce herself three times, and if she divorces herself with one divorce, both her divorce is invalid and the choice is lost. In this article, we have examined the issue of legal representation in the divorce of a wife from

Structuralist sociology is a theoretical approach to understanding social systems and structures that shape social concepts and behaviors. This type of sociology is an attempt to use models and theories to explain and develop the systems and structures of society, which are planned based on modeling and modeling. Sociological study of Masnavi anecdotes, since it is an overview of how to interpret and react to various events and phenomena of society members, it can provide valid and acceptable criticisms and analyzes about the society of the time of its creation. give effect By using different patterns and diagrams and criticism and analysis based on these patterns and models, as well as by analyzing Masnavi anecdotes, based on the mentioned patterns and models, the possibility of comprehensive understanding of behavior And the reaction of society members to various issues is provided. This sociological study can help to identify the underlying causes behind certain behaviors and reactions as well as their effects on social dynamics. In addition, it can provide insight into how different social systems interact with each other, helping to make more informed decisions about how best to manage social institutions. Among the actions and reactions of people in society that affect people's interactions in different social situations, is the belief in absolute determinism or complete authority in doing daily life affairs. From the examination of the six notebooks of the Masnavi, it was concluded that the above issue is complex and controversial and somewhat inseparable.

Privatization of state-owned companies was a measure to improve the economic conditions of societies, which first started in European countries and then was applied in other countries. In this regard, countries used different methods; One of these methods was privatization through management transfer. In the present study, the nature of management transfer in the privatization of state-owned companies and its adaptation to German law have been studied with the analytical-descriptive method. In this research, with a comparative approach, the discussion of privatization through the transfer of management, the conditions and methods used in this method, its challenges and gaps are examined and various aspects of the issue are considered. The results of the research indicate that in Germany, this method was used along with the ownership transfer method through negotiation, auction and bargaining. The country of Iran also foresees this method along with the ownership transfer method, which is done in three ways: leasing, general contracting and contract management, generally through auctions and tenders. But it must be said that this method is less used in practice and the most used method is the transfer of ownership of the company. Apart from this, it should be acknowledged that privatization is an interdisciplinary issue. With the explanation that regardless of economic dimensions and its effects and results, the necessity of analyzing the nature of management transfer in this process is undeniable.

The influence of the sovereignty of the will of the litigants on the one hand and the authority of the judge on the other hand has many effects on the proceedings in the legal courts. Civil proceedings include different sections and stages; One of the stages of civil proceedings is the stage of evaluation of evidence by the judge. At this stage, the judge deals with the judicial administration of the reasons presented by the litigants. Producing evidence is the right and duty of litigants, and judicial administration of evidence is the authority and duty of the judge. The judge, in the capacity of the evidence department, at the beginning of the formalities of presenting the evidence, then evaluates the quantity and quality of the evidence and their probative power. A significant issue that is raised at this stage of the proceedings is the validity of the agreement on the possibility of proving the claim with the reason agreed by the parties to the lawsuit or the impossibility of proving the claim with the reason that the litigants have agreed on the inability to prove the claim with that reason. In order to find the answer to this problem, it is important to identify the evidence system in civil proceedings, as well as whether the number of evidence is mandatory or optional. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the results of the research are positive that the agreement regarding the exclusivity of evidence in the

After centuries of Europe passing through the Renaissance and having a great situation and a golden age in all kinds of changes and modernization, Ottoman, who was located in the neighborhood of Europe and had many relations with it, hoped that the changes would also be done in his country, but this was done with It was accompanied by difficulties and its different culture and ideological government prevented major changes. In the Ottoman Empire, modernism was ignited with the Tulip era and entered a new phase with the settings of Sultan Abd al-Majid I. With a lot of ups and downs, the process of reform fell under the hands of the movement of young Turks and students who returned from Farang and gained momentum. The questions that are raised that where did modernism in Ottoman influence? And by which powerful movement was it achieved? We will delve into the answers to the main questions. We answer and follow these questions with assumptions indicating the influence from Europe and the "Young Turks Movement" brought about the process of modernization in Ottoman. The establishment of the parliament, the extinction of the sultans, and the cultural, social, educational, industrial, military, political changes, etc. can be considered as the consequences of this modernization.

Ignorance is neither against the ability to perform nor against the ability to oblige, but despite this, the religion of Islam has considered it as one of the causes of relief for the obligee in order to remove embarrassment from the obligee and to tolerate him. But this discount does not mean that ignorance is better than knowledge, therefore the scholars of jurisprudence and principles have set criteria and criteria for the validity of ignorance as one of the causes of discount on the obligee, which neither accept the excuse of ignorance as an absolute nor it They rejected it absolutely, because on the other hand, if an ignorant person is excused absolutely and without any rules, the Islamic rulings are closed and knowledge and ignorance are equal, the obligee becomes indifferent to the duty and in order to escape from Obligation and responsibility take refuge in ignorance in rulings, and on the other hand, if an ignorant person is absolutely and under no circumstances excused, it is not compatible with tolerance and tolerance of the Shari'ah, because sometimes ignorance is of a type that the obligee cannot avoid it and not be excused. In this situation, he is against the tolerance of Sharia because in Islamic Sharia, someone can be impeached and reprimanded for failing, but such a person has not failed. In the discussion of the signification of the rule, there is no difference between being proud of the scholar or being ignorant, and they have reached.

Examining hospitals in Islamic civilization as the main medical institution is of great importance in understanding medical and therapeutic developments. In the meantime, Azdi Hospital in Baghdad, which is known as Azd al-Dula Dilmi, is of double importance due to its size and comprehensiveness and as a symbol of the scientific achievements of Muslims in the 4th century AH. In this article, the main goal of the researcher is a detailed and comprehensive examination of its administrative, financial, educational, therapeutic and welfare structures as a huge medical organization, in such a way that it can be compared with the hospitals of the previous centuries in Iraq and Iran and also compared with Hospitals of the time, in the territory of the Buyiyan government and influencing the medicine of the following centuries, clearly concluded that the Azdi Hospital of Baghdad had the largest and most detailed administrative and educational organization in the middle centuries of Islamic civilization, to the extent that this hospital was compared with the hospitals of It makes it comparable today. In this regard, for the first time, one of the most accurate and complete structural diagrams (organizational chart) is presented in this article. This research is based on the usual method in historical research, i.e. descriptive-analytical method through the study of first-hand sources and new research.

The Iranian-Islamic city evokes a special pattern of urban development, whose physical elements exist in the form of four general categories of religious, economic, defense, and service elements, and one of its most important characteristics is the existence of urban neighborhoods. The neighborhood is made up of main and secondary components and spatial, cultural and economic factors have an influence on it, and although today it is no longer as important and prestigious as the past, but due to the old cores remaining from the old neighborhoods, it continues to give its identity in some areas. Ardakan is one of the oldest cities in Yazd province, which follows this pattern of urban development, and due to having a monocentric growth pattern, its neighborhoods were formed inside the city wall, and this caused the neighborhoods to be dependent and integrated into the body of the city and not independent. But Sharif Abad, which today forms one of the neighborhoods of the city, was located outside the city walls in the past, and this geographical distance, along with the Zoroastrian minority's residence in a part of it, caused its physical structure to be different from other neighborhoods inside the Ardakan. This article investigates and analyzes the differences in the physical structure of Sharif Abad neighborhood with other neighborhoods inside the Ardakan fence in the framework of four elements of faith, economy, defense and service, with a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library and documentary studies as well as observations and field surveys.

Today, biophilic design has become popular among urban planners to preserve nature and natural elements in urban spaces. This concept is basically a biologically diverse city full of green spaces where citizens can see a very diverse plant life in the normal flow of work and leisure. The statistical population of the present study is made up of the citizens of the first district of Tehran, and the sample size of 384 people was calculated using Cochran's formula and using the purposeful sampling method. The purpose of this research is to measure the physical resilience of inner-city areas against environmental hazards with the approach of biophilic city in the first district of Tehran. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library and field studies. The validity of the questionnaires has also been confirmed by experts in the field of urban planning. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the questionnaires, which is equal to 0.841 in this research. The information obtained from the field studies has been analyzed using Spss. The results of the research showed that among the indices of physical resilience, the index of environmental sustainability and among the indices of the biophilic city, the index of institutions and government have high importance and coefficient; Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these indicators by considering their importance for the realization and promotion of physical resilience in the direction of biophilic urban development.

The trend towards symbols and signs in traditional architecture, contemporary architecture and even modern architecture has always been of special attention since the time of human cave dwelling and the study of the works of early humans for technical and functional reasons, symbols and paintings on the walls of caves have been done. During the evolution of mankind and with the establishment of schools, religions and cultures, this process continued throughout history, and in today's society, you can hardly find a place where there is no sign of symbols. This is especially evident in contemporary architecture. This research was carried out with the aim of recognizing the meaning of symbol concepts in the formation of the body nature of authentic traditional Iranian architecture and its effects on contemporary architecture. The research method was descriptive, field method using library and survey documents to extract and examine the role of symbols in contemporary architecture. The statistical population of the research is experts and university professors. Using a researcher-made questionnaire tool, research data was collected from about 250 people by simple random sampling method, using spss software and using linear regression test, the effect of dimensions of symbols in contemporary architecture was examined and tested. The results showed that geometrical shapes, colors, plant motifs, slimy and Khatai motifs, animal motifs and the elements of fire, wind, water and soil symbolizing the elements of the four fundamental states of matter have an effect on the formation of contemporary architecture.

According to the literature of new regionalism, we should make a scientific distinction between region and geographical width. Here, we define the region as a group of countries that have a more or less explicit common political project, pursue a single goal in the global arena, and show common regional behavioral patterns. In the new literature of regionalism, the geographical or even economic dimensions are weakened, and instead, functions such as the degree of political development, the nature and performance of political economy, and regional coalition building become important in the establishment and recognition of geographic regions. In this regard, the main question of the article is that considering the new theoretical developments in the dimension of neo-regionalism, can West Asia still be defined as a "geographical region"? The hypothesis of the article with analytical and explanatory methods, according to the transition of new regionalism theories from only geographical, ecological and even economic criteria in the establishment of regions, depends on the realization of the first and fundamental assumptions of the establishment and survival of the geographical counterpart in West Asia. Factors such as hierarchization, regional coalition building, establishment of internal security complex, competitive political economy building and revision of institutional structures are known.

In the aftermath of the Second World War, the world has witnessed two different eras each with its own features, i.e. the Cold War era or Cold Peace era (1947-1991); and, the current era, which is called the era of globalization or globalizing. Attempts have been made in the present research to study and analyze Iran’s geopolitics in the region in the post-Cold War era and within the condition of power System in the world. The findings of this research show that in the new era, the economic-centered system is based on political arrangements with the aim of gaining upper hand over economic jugular veins and energy, particularly in the Middle East. Hence, the significance and role of the states depend on their economic superiority in which their geographical positions too play an important part. It should be mentioned that the role of regional and extra-regional powers in the developments in all countries, including Iran, in the post-Cold War era, has been under the influence of regional policies of these great powers that have led to differences.

Investigating the position of the West in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Turkey in the form of indicators such as the way international alliances are formed, the extent of the influence of norms on foreign policy, how to define and secure international interests, the assessment of the symmetry of threats and capabilities, and finally the degree of compatibility of each country with international developments. It is included in the agenda of this research. The West as a collective identity and a security complex regulating the structures of the international system; It is one of the most important external variables influencing the political, economic, military and normative foreign policy trends and approaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Turkey. The aim of this article is to compare the position of the West in the functions and achievements of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Turkey. This research has analyzed the systemic variables in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Turkey by using a combination of constructivist theories and comparative studies of foreign policy

The Constitution of Iran also considers the provision of all-round rights of men and women and the creation of fair judicial security for everyone as one of the general duties of the government, and in the third chapter (the rights of the nation) by mentioning the manifestations of the fundamental right to security, it provides guarantees for revival and continuity. It has been stipulated. One of the most important branches of this right is the right of the accused to defend himself in rejecting the lawsuit or unjust accusations before the judicial authorities. In other words, the right to defense is the right by which a person can deny the criminal behavior or legal claims against him, which are attributed to him based on the complaints of individuals or by the competent police and judicial authorities, with all the legal possibilities and methods. to do In order to achieve a fair trial, we need to implement several principles and rules in the five stages of the procedure, i.e. crime detection, prosecution, preliminary investigation, trial and sentence execution. In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the protection of the right to litigate and defend citizens through competent justice, judicial independence and the responsibility of judges and the judicial system and criminal justice is guaranteed through the implementation of the principle of acquittal, legal prosecution and the principle of fair trial.

The purpose of this research is to study the legal-criminological case of the personality with a preventive approach in Iranian and Canadian law, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources. The results of this research show that in the criminal system of Canada, the personality file and generally paying attention to the personality of the criminal has a high position in comparison with the criminal law of Iran. In the criminal law of Canada, the investigation about the character of the accused and his financial, family and social situation is foreseen, and this investigation is mandatory in the preliminary investigation stage, in optional misdemeanor cases and in criminal cases. In Canadian law, as in many countries where preliminary investigations are conducted by an investigating judge or an investigator, he is ordered to create a character file so that after the trial, if the accused is found guilty and based on the reports in the personality file should act to determine the appropriate, effective and useful response. On the contrary; Iranian criminal law does not provide for the filing of a character file explicitly and as a central approach in criminal proceedings, and it is declared mandatory only at the stage of execution of the prison sentence in order to classify the prisoners. However, according to some articles of the Islamic Penal Code (Articles 22 and 25) and the Criminal Procedure Code (Article 222),

Today, facades play a decisive role in both aspects of energy optimization and providing comfort to users. The penetration of sunlight through the openings of the façade, in addition to providing the lighting of the spaces, also plays a fundamental role in the health of the environment for the people inside the building. The use of smart moving facades, due to purposeful movement, provides the possibility of more efficiency of daylight for the residents. The present research seeks to provide a method to create a smart shell with the aim of increasing the amount of natural lighting and reducing the resulting glare in office spaces in Tabriz city. The dimensions of the mobile shell under study vary based on the distance of the residents from the surface of the window, in this regard, the type of office layout and the orientation of the users are among the most important things that result in different results by changing the location. For this purpose, 14 days of the year with an interval of 15 days and for 10 hours, with different layouts in three types T, U and II office space have been simulated. Analysis and simulation have been done with Readiness simulation engine and Honeybee and Ladybug interface software. The findings of the research show that the presented method for creating a smart shell has resulted in more daylight use than traditional methods such as curtains.

Adopting a criminal policy in confronting the phenomenon of administrative corruption in the administrative legal system and Islamic jurisprudence from four legislative-participatory-executive and judicial perspectives is certain and undeniable. Administrative corruption, the main foundation of governments, systems and legal schools of nations in different ages has targeted these assumptions and proves this issue. The author tries to examine the theoretical framework, formal and substantive dimensions, the criteria of supervision and efficiency of laws and their effectiveness, adopting participatory policies and guaranteeing judicial execution in two dimensions of investigating administrative corruption, regarding agents and corruption. caused by government employees and damages to the Treasury, emphasizing the necessity of doing this thesis and finding answers to the questions raised and investigating the hypotheses. Effective components, criteria and indicators in line with the importance of criminal laws in their direct relationship with the rights of the nation, on the one hand, the need to adapt the current laws, especially in the case of crimes whose punishment is determined by the Shariah, with Sharia standards on the other hand, and the necessity of meritocracy. Simplicity of life, equal rights of all, justice, trust, transparency, efficiency and public supervision and the effects of proceedings are prominent features in this regard. By examining the legislative criminal policy of the administrative law system, it was determined that, despite the approval of laws and attention to the need for notification, Iran's administrative law system lacks a differential criminal response to the wealth of public agents, guarantees of executions.

The aim of the current research was to explain the sociological political participation from the perspective of the elites of Khuzestan with emphasis on social capital. The current research method is quantitative and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research is all the political elites of Khuzestan region, which includes university lecturers, middle and senior managers of government departments and organizations and private companies, doctors, engineers, educators and writers. From the sociological point of view, participation means the feeling of belonging to a group and participating actively and voluntarily in it, which leads to social activity; It is very important. Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that the existence of social interactions plays an important role in the collective life of people, social capital can be considered as an influential factor in the political participation of society. In this regard, thinkers of the replacement theory believe that in today's social life, people who spend more time on the Internet cannot spend more time on other activities. Supporters of this theory believe that the media is important because of 1. taking people's time to participate in social activities; 2. Preventing face-to-face communication and 3. Encouraging people to join like-minded groups; They have a negative effect on political approaches and participation. On the other hand, they believe that the social trust of these people in political institutions also decreases. Therefore, the politicians of the society should provide the conditions of social communication

The purpose of this research was to investigate the indicators of social responsibility in the banking system and its relationship with organizational socialization. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature of the problem and the purpose of the research is an applied research and examines the relationship between the research variables including the dimensions of social responsibility in the banking system as independent variables and the dimensions of organizational socialization in the city of Tehran. The statistical population under study is all the employees of 11 companies under the holding group of Maskan Bank Financial Group, whose total number is 719 at the time of the research (year 1401). Sample Power software was used to select the sample size. which selects samples more accurately than Cochran's formula and Morgan's table or other methods, so the number of samples equal to 280 people was obtained with the use of this software.