نشریه اقتصاد توسعه و برنامه ریزی
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

This study examines household energy consumption (water, electricity and gas) before and after the subsidies have been investigated. The results of this  research project show that the amount of any energy items (water, electricity and gas )has reduced significantly in the first six months of 1390(2011)in comparison with that of the same period  in 1389(2010)In the next step of this research project the effect of some variables  such as the number of the people in a family, as well as the educational   status  occupation  and the gender of the head of the family has been investigated .The results indicate that regarding the electricity, the number of the people in a family and the occupation and the gender of the head of the family has had significant effects on the reduction of the amount of electricity consumed  by the households. However the educational status of the head of the family as a variable have had no significant effect on the trend of consumption .Also, with respect to the water the performance of the related statistical  experiments (tests)Showed that only the number of the people of the family (as a variable)has influenced the changes regarding the  amount of consumed water by the household and other variables  such as the gender or the occupation  of the head of the family have had no significant  effect on the process of the reduction of the consumption of water. At last, with respect to gas, none of the variables that is, the number of the people in a family, the occupation and the gender and the educational status of the head of the family have had no significant effect on the reduction of the consumption of gas.

One of the important purposes of governments and policymakers are economic system in an attempt to fair distribution of income. In this regard ownerships are one of the most powerful tools for the fair income distribution and the main elements of the countries' economic driver. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is review of the effectiveness of incomes tax as an indicator of Ginny coefficient shows income distribution. The results from estimating model by using the Method of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) during2000-2013 in the group of the selected countries shows that tax incomes have meaningful and negative effect on Ginny index as an indicator shows the distribution of income in the country is selected. One of the important purposes of governments and policymakers are economic system in an attempt to fair distribution of income. In this regard ownerships are one of the most powerful tools for the fair income distribution and the main elements of the countries' economic driver. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is review of the effectiveness of incomes tax as an indicator of Ginny coefficient shows income distribution. The results from estimating model by using the Method of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) during2000-2013 in the group of the selected countries shows that tax incomes have meaningful and negative effect on Ginny index as an indicator shows the distribution of income in the country is selected

Low transparency and poor quality of financial information provides decision-making conditions difficult for investors and makes them ambiguous conditions.  Full disclosure, timely and high quality financial information, this information will lead to greater transparency, reduces information asymmetry. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between inflation, exchange rate and interest rate one-year investment with the transparency of corporate profits.  In this research to determine earnings transparency of the model Barth et al (2008) have been used.  Hypothesis-testing research, using financial data of 121 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009 to 2014 has taken place.The findings show that between inflation, exchange rate and interest rate one-year investment with accounting transparency there is a significant relationship.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on Iran life insurance demand in the period . We used ARDL Procedure to estimate the research model.The results show that the price of insurance and life expectancy in long-term has significantly positive effect on the demand for life insurance and financial development and inflation expectations in long-term has significant negative effect on the demand for life insurance.

Economic growth and inflation control are among the goals pursued by any economy. In today's world, decision-making power and role-playing in global trading are countries that have a lot to say in the economy. If the policymakers' goal is to develop and encourage trade, in order to achieve this goal, it must control the growth of the international presence and the inflation by strengthening the foundations of the country's production. This study examines the long run effects of international trade on Iran's economic success variables during the period 1350-1395 using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results of Johansson's co-integration test showed that there is a long run equilibrium relationship between variables.. The results of the IRF indicated that the positive shock of exports in the short, medium and long run had a significant positive effect on economic growth and inflation. The positive shock of imports in the short run has a significant positive effect, and in the medium and long run, there is a significant negative effect on economic growth, and this shock has a significant negative effect on inflation in the short, medium and long run.

Privatization as an effective and efficient process of economic growth and increasing efficiency in the present era has been welcomed by many policy makers in different countries of the world, and this process has also brought economic growth in the economic spheres in some cases. The present study examines the Fifth Development Plan materials and clauses in terms of some policies that encourage or facilitate privatization using the secondary analysis method. We believe that undesirable effects, such as income gap and poverty, are affected by incomplete or ineffective implementation - of privatization. Accordingly, following the implementation of privatization policies during the previous programs and consequences of these programs as well as during the implementation of the Fifth Development Plan, the gap between 2011 and 2013 has been incremental and there are geographical disparities in the distribution of facilities. Poverty alleviation during this period has not been satisfactory. Evaluating the effects and stemming the negative effects of privatization, which is the main objective of the present research, can prevent the occurrence of complications in future plans for development