فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Autumn 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/10/12
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Khalil Komlakh, Hosein Karimiyarandi * Pages 245-252
    Introduction

    It is important to identify the clinical education challenges and related factors. The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the status of clinical rounds in universities of medical sciences.

    Materials: 

    This review study was conducted with the aim of investigating the quality of and satisfaction from clinical rounds from the viewpoint of faculty members, residents, interns, and apprentices of Iran’s Medical Sciences universities. The search was conducted by two members of the clinical faculty who were familiar with the subject and were expert in systematic review articles. The found articles were entered into the Word Software Ver. 2008.

    Results

    Initially, 88 articles were searched, of which 67 articles were excluded from the study since they were not consistent with the research objectives. Then, eight articles were entered the systematic review stage after rechecking and studying all titles and abstracts of studies. It should be noted that the sample size was not mentioned in one of the published articles. The studied wards also included internal, surgery, pediatric, endocrine, and gynecology. Furthermore, the results showed that faculty members had a higher satisfaction with clinical rounds and their quality as compared with residents and interns, so that in faculty members assigned higher scores to the quality of clinical rounds than students in all the relevant previous studies.

    Conclusion

    It is suggested that necessary interventional studies be conducted to increase the quality of clinical rounds, especially from the perspective of students.

    Keywords: Teaching Rounds, Medical, education
  • Diba Zare, Fariba Ghalebi, Mina Ramezani *, Parvin Torabzadeh Pages 253-261
    Background
    Hypericum perforatum is a flowering plant from the Hypericaceae family. This herb has warm and dry nature based on traditional medicine and includes many healing properties like noticeable effects on mild and moderate depression cases. Cyclophosphamide is used to treat various types of cancers and autoimmune diseases with the side effect of fertility reduction. We studied the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum perforatum on the spermatogenesis process of cyclophosphamide-treated male mice.
    Methods
    In this experimental study, 70 adult BALB/c male mice weighing 26-28 g were randomly divided into 7 groups of 10, including, a control group (no injection), a sham group (normal saline), and three experimental groups which were treated with 5 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide and also, doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight of hydroalcoholic extract, respectively. In addition, a cyclophosphamide group (5 mg/kg body weight) and an extract group (100 mg/kg body weight) were evaluated. All the injections were performed intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days. After two weeks, blood samples were collected for a testosterone level examination. Testes and epididymis were removed for tissue sectioning and were stained with the H&E method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
    Results
    Results indicated that taking 5 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide decreased mouse and testis weight and had a detrimental effect on the spermatogenesis process in the way that spermatogenic cell counts, and seminiferous and epididymis tubules diameter were decreased in comparison with the control and sham groups. But 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight doses of the extract with 5 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide showed a significant increase (P≤0.05 and p≤0.01) on the mentioned parameters compared to the positive control group.
    Conclusion
    Therefore, it seems that the main component in this herb such as hypericin could decrease the detrimental effects of cyclophosphamide on mouse fertility.
    Keywords: Cyclophosphamide, BALB, c Mice, Hypericum Perforatum, Spermatogenesis, Testosterone
  • Gholamreza Mansouri, Neda Sadat Khademestarki, Ciamak Ghazaei *, Mohadeseh Zarei-Yazdei Pages 262-270
    Introduction

    Antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae has been on the increase over the years Therefore, numerous endeavors have been carried out so as to discover another active plant combination as a suitable substitute for antibiotics. This is a Experiment of the activities of antibacteria from the extract from Rumexa alveoli against ebsiella pneumonia.

    Materials & Methods

    This study was performed on the standard strain of Klebsiella pneumonia and several clinical strains. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Rumex alveollatus; formulated by the Soxhlet apparatus. The activities of the antibacterial of the extracts were analyzed with the use of the disk-diffusion method. Furthermore, the minimal-inhibitory-concentration (MIC) and the MBC were examined by the micro dilution method. The database collected by SPSS recent software was evaluated.

    Findings

    Inhibitory zone of ethanol (500 mg/ml) on standard and clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were 18, 17, 17,15,16, and 16 mm, respectively, and also aqueous extract did not have an antimicrobial effect. MIC and MBC results for ethanol extracts were 125 and 250 mg/ml, respectively.

    Conclusion

    The antibacterial activities of the Rumex alveollatus ethanol and aqueous extract tested against bacteria was good . Thus, the findingss of this research can be a beneficial report concerning their active role in infection control.

    Keywords: Ethanolic extracts, Aqueous extracts, Antibacterial activity, Rumex Alveollatus
  • Elham Rajabbeigi * Pages 271-276
    Background

    The composition of essential oil of plants is influenced by genetic and environmental conditions. Volatile oils extracted from traditional herbs are interesting natural products and represent an important part of the traditional pharmacopeia.

    Methods

    The effect of the continuous static magnetic field (30 mT, 8 hours) exposure on the composition of essential oil in harvested parsley plants (Petroselinum crispum L.) was investigated. Essential oil was extracted using Clevenger distillation and its composition was determined by GC-MS.

    Results

    Essential oil yield increased from 2.15% in control plants to 2.4% in samples exposed to static magnetic field. Thirteen compounds were identified representing over 98% of the oil components in control parsley plants with major components of myristicin (68.9%), phytol acetate (6.4%), sesqui phellandrene (beta) (5.9%), and germacrene D (4.1%). In magnetic field, the treated plants, myristicin quantity increased significantly up to 90.7%; whereas the other components were decreased or not detected.

    Conclusion

    Concerning the importance of myristicin as an effective cancer chemo preventive agent, post harvest exposure of parsley plants to the magnetic field can be suggested as an effective method to enhance the myristicin selectivity.

    Keywords: Petroselinum crispum, essential oil, Myristicin, Static magnetic field
  • Seham Mansour Ismail * Pages 277-287
    Background
    One of the most significant pests that harm numerous agricultural crops ‎is the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and it has evolved resistance ‎to various insecticides across most chemical classes, including the novel insecticide ‎emamectin benzoate. ‎
    Methods
    The sensitivity of emamectin benzoate was evaluated in Egyptian cotton ‎leafworm field populations. ‎
    Results
    According to bioassays performed using the leaf-dipping method, emamectin ‎benzoate sensitivity varied among 5 field populations, with LC50 values ranging from ‎‎2.78 to 6.86 ppm. Two S. littoralis populations demonstrated the low levels of ‎resistance at resistance ratios (RR) between 17.9- and 22.3-fold and three populations ‎showed moderate resistance at 33.5 to 42.8-fold compared with a susceptible ‎population. The findings demonstrated that diethyl maleate (DEM) and piperonyl ‎butoxide (PBO) have considerable synergistic effects on the toxicity of emamectin ‎benzoate. ‎
    Conclusion
    The results suggest that emamectin benzoate resistance in the S. littoralis ‎populations studied may be caused by the enzyme systems monooxygenase (MO) and ‎glutathione S-transferase (GST).‎Highlights‎Emamectin benzoate efficacy is decreasing in populations of Spodoptera littoralis.‎‎Emamectin benzoate resistance in littoralis field populations ranges from low to ‎moderate. ‎‎The field populations' monooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase activity were ‎higher than those of the susceptible population‎.
    Keywords: Carboxylesterase, Emamectin benzoate resistance, Glutathione S-transferases, Monooxygenase, Synergism
  • Elaheh Farahani *, Mozhdeh Haddadi Pages 288-298

    Acute coronavirus syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) leads to the COVID-19 epidemic. In accordance with the WHO, the epidemic remains a serious danger to the general health because of its global spread and higher transmission rates. A scope of measures is needed to slow the spread of the epidemic and save lives, including the continuous assessment and cautious adjustment of general health reactions to the medical treatment. In such a manner, the expansion of antiviral nanostructures by improved surface designing may be valuable in combating this new virus. Quantum dots are multifaceted agents with the potency to fight or prevent the activity of the Coronavirus. For qualitative diagnosis, a simple and inexpensive bioassay method based on Fluorescence-based QDs nanoparticles can be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Optimization of quantum dots with effective functional molecules against SARS-CoV-2 could extend the nanostructures to the antiviral treatment and eradicate future epidemics, slowing down and possibly ending the spread of viral infections. QDs can be used to promote individual clinical therapy in the future based on each patient's molecular protocols individually. This study addresses how quantum dots (QDs) are useful in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection and future pandemics.

    Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19 Pandemic, Nanotechnology, antiviral Nanomaterials, Quantum dots (QDs)