نشریه بوطیقای معماری
پیاپی 12 (بهار 1403)

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Environmental impact assessment is one of the main elements of environmental management, which can be used as a planning tool for managers, planners and decision makers, so that based on it, they can estimate the potential environmental effects caused by the implementation of construction projects. Identify the problems that appear and try to solve them by presenting different options. The nature and type of research is placed in the category of applied research; the research method in the first stage is descriptive and library and documentary study tools are used. Therefore, after studies of theoretical bases and definitions related to detailed plans and environmental impact assessment, as well as studies of domestic experiences and global experiences in decision-making and policies and planning of environmental impact assessment and Its role in urban plans, in the next stage, as an example, the detailed plan of the 22nd district of Tehran, considering the new and planned nature of this area and its ecological potential, was selected as a pilot sample and how to study The assessment of environmental effects in the current situation is reviewed in the framework of the detailed plan or other related studies in this area. Finally, the environmental impact assessment guide is presented in detailed plans. In this regard, firstly, the necessity of strategic evaluation of environmental effects at the macro level of urban studies is addressed, and then the evaluation structure in the framework of targeting, knowing the environment, determining the scope of the plan, thematic classification of the detailed plan and screening, evaluating the effects. Environmental in detailed plans with the help of assessment tools, summarizing assessments and considering alternative proposed options in the detailed urban plan, re-evaluation (alternative proposed options) in the detailed urban plan and finally monitoring and documentation. to be Also, at the same time, social and economic evaluation methods of environmental effects and evaluation tools including matrices, checklists and maps are introduced, and finally, institutional and organizational structure changes for implementation. The mentioned guide is provided.

Strengthening the sense of nature-loving, in addition to responding to an inherent pull, leads to the cultivation of a sense of belonging to the natural environment and the motivation of valuing the environment and diverse biological species, which is essential in today's environmental crisis. It is considered the world. From the terminological aspect, the term "biophilia" means "loving of life or living systems" and was first used by "Eric Fromm" to explain a psychological tendency regarding the "attraction of all living things". ", Was used. This situation has double importance in the design of high-rise buildings that have many problems in the field of landscape and favorable view. The research method is descriptive-analytical and content analysis, the tools of which are library studies and systematic reviews in valid reference databases. The findings of the research show that "regulating human behavior with nature" in today's environmental crisis of the world requires the understanding of ecological limitations. According to many researched models in the field of biophilic architecture, emotional tendencies towards nature have an effect on the development of environmentalist behaviors, even according to some of these studies, human emotional tendencies towards nature play a role. Greater than the cognitive attentions in the field of people's participation in the protection of biological diversity, and thus strengthening the sense of biophilia in contemporary society, in addition to its positive aspect in terms of cultivating and expanding an innate sense and innate attraction, there are special benefits in Will have.

Humans are naturally attracted to living organisms, plants and animals, and humans need and desire to communicate with the natural world. In other words, there is an instinctive and natural connection between humans and other living systems. The word "philia" is the attraction and positive feeling that people have towards the habits, activities and all the things that are around us in nature. Therefore, "Biophilia" is the same positive feeling that humans have towards living beings. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in a mixed or mixed way (quantitative and qualitative) that uses the survey method and questionnaire technique to obtain the views of citizens. The findings of this research show that this type of design requires an understanding of biology, psychology, and knowledge of human nature, and finally transferring these concepts from mere information to applied science in design. Also, environmental features including water, air, natural light, natural materials and landscape, and natural patterns and processes including attention to human senses have been more important in the biophilic criteria of designing residential complexes. At the end, the strategy and solutions for improving the biophilic design of residential complexes have been mentioned.

Improving the visual and ecological quality of the environment and the landscape and improving the sense of belonging to the place in the spatial organization can facilitate the desired environmental quality and define a unique pattern of identity for urban beaches; Therefore, in this article, the criteria and principles of landscape design of coastal cities have been investigated in order to promote the sense of belonging to the place. The research method was "descriptive-analytical" and "meta-analytical" method, which used the "survey" research method with the "questionnaire" tool to compile the design criteria of the desired landscape of the users in order to evoke a sense of belonging to the place in them. The results of the research show that the sense of belonging to the place is at a high level in the cognitive (identity) and emotional (attachment) dimensions. The behavioral dimension (dependency) is at a lower level than the cognitive and emotional dimension, and the beach has not succeeded in meeting their needs, the lack of equipping the coastline for the formation of recreational and water-related activities, the lack of Suitable platforms for family settlement, interference of horse and foot traffic, threats caused by wear and tear and destruction of Bushehr's historical fabric are effective in this matter.

At the end of the 20th century, under the influence of post-modern architecture, environmental perspectives entered the field of theorizing native architecture, and the possibility of extending the values and models of native architecture to modern architecture was studied. These approaches were influenced by localism and regionalism against the globalization caused by modernity. In these views, the relationship between native people and nature and the role of human needs in the formation of native architecture have always been emphasized. Also, the lack of adequate and correct knowledge based on the fundamental and original concepts of house architectural patterns has led to disturbances in the fundamental structures in the architecture of today's houses. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey method that has used the data tools of documentary and field studies. The findings of the research have shown that the problems of living in the residential spaces of the modern society have caused frustration and negative reaction to some achievements of civilization. Proper lighting is the most important subject on which there is consensus or, more precisely, consensus. Living in apartment spaces where people receive less natural light has caused pessimism towards modern architecture. After that, having a suitable and simple geometry, having suitable human proportions and the ability to revive with ninety-five percent, cultural continuity and the role of canopies with ninety percent, and the items of having a central courtyard, a pit, a garden, a variety of space and a suitable space connection With 80% saturation of opinion, they are noticeable.