نشریه پژوهش در توانبخشی ورزشی
پیاپی 19 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

Occurrence of injury following sports participation is unavoidable. . Using sport injury surveillance systems is a suitable tool in injury recording. The present study aimed to design and implement a sport injury surveillance system.

following designing the sport injury application, data was collected as a pilot according to injury surveillance method. Software engineers designed Sport injury recording application for cellphones with android operating system. Athletic trainers were trained to work with the application. In a pilot implementation in Alborz province, athletic trainers recorded athlete`s sport injuries in soccer, volleyball, handball, taekwondo and wrestling in a period of 6 months via their user account.

81 sport injuries were reported in the pilot implementation of sport injury surveillance system in 6 months. Incidence rate of 1.39 injury per 1000 athletes registered was calculated. Contusion and bruising (37%) was the most common type of injury. Furthermore, fingers (18.5%) and knee were the most common body parts injured.

Sport injury record was done comprehensively web based without paper form involvement. Designing and implementing cellphone based sport injury application was an important outcome of the present study. Present of a specific definition of injury and use of available and user friendly tool may become effective in recording injuries especially mild ones.

Studies have indicated that imbalance and defects of proprioception are effective in the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among footballers. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effect of +11 program on lower extremity balance and knee proprioception among female amateur soccer players.

30 female soccer players were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The amount of knee arthroplasty error at angles of 30 and 60 degrees was measured by digital photography and AutoCAD software and the players' balance by Y test. They performed the +11 program 3 times per week for 16 weeks whereas the control group maintained their regular warm-up method during the study. And after 16 weeks, the evaluation was again repeated. In order to analyze the information, the mixed design analysis of variance with repeated measures was used.

After 16 weeks of +11 exercises between the amount of knee proprioception at two angles of 30 and 60 degrees (P <0.05) and lower extremity balance, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P <0/05), so that the experimental group had better performance.

It be concluded that +11 exercises could improve balance and proprioception. Therefore, trainers are advised to use this program as an alternative to regular warm-up in order to prevent injury.Keywords: +11 program, balance, proprioception, football

 Football is one of the most popular sports that has many injuries. Due to the importance of the core stabilizer muscles, the weakness of these muscles can lead to poor performance and thus increase injuries. On the other hand, this area as a bridge between the lower and upper limbs with its proper function can improve performance and performance.

The statistical population of the present study included 30 children athletes who purposefully entered the study and were divided into two groups of 15 control and experimental group. The experimental group performed core stability exercises in one session along with their exercises and the control group only previous exercises. The performance of individuals was assessed using the Y balance test, vertical jump (sargent), three-legged distance, one-leg jump time at a distance of six meters and balance system error scoring system test. Dependent t-test was used to evaluate the difference in performance between athletes in the two groups.

The results of the present study showed that central stability exercises had a significant effect on improving lower limb function in athletes (P≤0.05).

The results of the present study showed that core stability training had an immediate effect on the performance of children footballers. Therefore, it is useful for coaches and athletes to perform central stability training in addition to their training to improve their performance.

Sports injuries are an integral part of sports in all age groups that cause concern among athletes during their careers; On the other hand, today the role of psychological variables in sports and related cases is undeniable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of sports injuries based on the mental toughness of young volleyball players.

In this study, 110 young volleyball players in Aligudarz with an average age of 22.24 years, an average weight of 78.43 kg and an average height of 185 cm were selected by purposive sampling. Initially, the baseline data of this study were used to select injured individuals to collect injury information, the Australian Sports Medicine Injury Standard Questionnaire was used to collect common injuries in volleyball. Then, using a 48-item questionnaire related to mental toughness, their mental toughness was measured. In order to describe and classify the information, the mean was used as the central index and the standard deviation was used as the dispersion index. Sample t-test, multivariate linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were also used. All data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26 at a significance level of less than five percent.

There is a negative correlation between the rate of sports injuries and mental toughness and the highest correlation score is related to the number of injuries and control in mental strength (r=-0.26) and the lowest correlation is related to the component. The recovery and confidence status (r=0)

Cesarean is a way to save the life of mother and baby during childbirth.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of core stability exercises on low back pain, lumbar lordosis and quality of life of women with a history of cesarean delivery.

Study population consisted 20 to 30 year old women with a history of cesarean section who had spent at least 6 and at most 12 months since their cesarean section in Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord. 32 available samples were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects completed the Quebec Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire and their lumbar lordosis was assessed by flexible ruler. Experimental group performed core stability exercises for 8 weeks three sessions per week and Control group did not exercise. participants were evaluated again by previous tests. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance at a significance level of 0.05.

Results showed that eight weeks of core stability exercises had a significant effect on reducing low back pain and improving the quality of life in women with a history of cesarean delivery (P <0.05), while it had no significant effect on reducing female lumbar lordosis (P> 0.05).

core stability exercises focusing on the lumbar-pelvic floor muscles reduce back pain and improve the quality of life of women with a history of cesarean section, so these exercises can be used in this regard.

Aging is associated with reduced physical and cognitive abilities, but physical activity has positive effects on the lives of these people.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of eight weeks of step exercises on static and dynamic balance in elderly women with chronic nonspecific knee pain.

In the present quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly women of Shahrekord city were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two exercise groups (age: 65.64±4.45 years, height:165.64±3.34 cm,weight:78.45±4.62 kg)and control(age: 62.14±3.45 years, height:162.91±3.32 kg, weight: 76.26±3.66 kg).The experimental group performed eight weeks of step training (3 sessions of 30 minutes per week). In this period, the subjects in the control group had their daily activities. Before and after the training period, static and dynamic balance were assessed by scoring tests of balance error and getting up and going. Data analysis was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test SPSS20 at the level of 0.05.

The results showed that eight weeks of step training had a significant effect on static balance (P = 0.01) and dynamic balance (P = 0.001).

Stair exercises have an effect on static and dynamic balance and based on the results of these exercises in elderly women, by creating effective physiological adaptations, they also affect the nervous and psychological system of the elderly and thus can improve the balance of the elderly women. Accordingly, it is recommended that older women with specific knee pain perform stair exercises.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected exercises on the proprioceptive and electrical activity of selected leg muscles of elite male taekwondo practitioners in the prevention of PFPS injury. Thirty elite taekwondo practitioners divided into two groups of 17 experimental and 13 control. The experimental group, finished elected warm-up exercises within 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 25-30 minutes per session and after that, special taekwondo exercises. But the control group, finished special taekwondo exercises for 90 minutes, only. evaluation of electrical activity of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles ratio during Apdoliochigi we used electromyogragpy system and proprioceptive measured by center of pressure fluctuation components . For statistical analysis software SPSS and statistical methods for repeated measures and dependent test was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of selected exercises on the proprioceptive and electrical activity of the knee muscles of male taekwondo players (P= 0/00), also a significant decrease in the post-test compared to the pre-test, although this difference was not significant in the control group. Selected exercises can possibly have positive effects on reducing the risk factors for patellar pain syndrome. These exercises can increase proprioceptive and improve electrical activity in elite taekwondo, balance the muscles of the knee area, and ultimately reduce the pressure on the patellofemoral joint and prevent patellar pain syndrome.

The sports-metrics soccer training (SMST) is one of the most successful protocols for preventing lower extremity injuries in the female soccer athletes. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of this training on landing error scoring system (LESS) and dynamic knee valgus (DKV) of female soccer athletes was investigated.

The subjects of this randomized controlled trial consist of 24 young semi-professional female soccer athletes with DKV how had criteria for the selection of subject and randomly divided into two groups. Evaluations included DLS, LESS tests. The training group participated in the training regularly for 6 weeks, three sessions a week, about 90 to 120 minutes. The training sessions lasted approximately 90–120 minutes. The ANCOVA test (P≤0.05) was used to analyze the statistical data.

The results of the ANCOVA showed that the TG experienced significant reduction (P<0/01) in DKV (from 25/30±4/74 to 12/45±2/62 degree) and significant reduction (P<0/01) LESS (from 16/66±2.34 to 4/16±2.20). Thus, reduces the DKV by 51% and reduces the LESS by 75%.

The SMST is a successful neuromuscular training program in preventing knee injuries in healthy female soccer athletes. The SMST can be effective in young female soccer athletes with DKV, because it can be modifying both key risk factors for lower extremity injuries (DKV and landing error).

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common diseases that professional athletes could suffer from and may be caused by a decrease in strength of the core muscles; and trunk flexor and spine extensor muscles endurance or spine malalignment. The aim of this study was to compare the strength of core muscles, endurance of trunk flexor and spine extensor muscles, lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis in taekwondo athletes with/without LBP.

Thirty adolescents-youth male taekwondo athletes (15 people with and 15 without LBP) participated in the study. The endurance of the trunk flexor muscles, the endurance of the spinal extensor muscles, the strength of the core muscles were assessed with the trunk flexion test at an angle of 60 degrees, the modified Biering-Sorenson test, pressure biofeedback, respectively. Kyphosis and spinal lordosis was also assessed with a flexible ruler.

There was a difference between athletes with LBP and with lordosis and kyphosis with those without LBP and without lordosis and kyphosis. There was also a difference between athletes with and without LBP in the strength of the core muscles and the endurance of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles.

It is recommended to develop the strength of the core muscles as well as the endurance of trunk flexor and extensor muscles in order to prevent and eliminate LBP in Taekwondo athletes. It is also necessary to pay attention to spinal malalignments such as kyphosis and lordosis and eliminate them to reduce LBP.

Aging is associated with reduced physiological and functional capacity that can lead to increased disability, loss of balance and falling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular training on balance, strength and functional performance in elderly men with a history of falls.

this study was quasi-experimental and participants were healthy elderly men with history of falling (age: 65/64±6/95). The experiments were 21 men (10 training group, 11 control group) who met the criteria for research and were available for sampling. The training program was conducted for eight weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week. Static balance, upper and lower body muscle strength, neuromuscular function and aerobic endurance were measured before and after the research design. Data analysis was done using independent t-test and paired t-test (at a significance level of 0/005> P).

The results showed that neuromuscular training significantly improved static balance (p = 0.001), upper body muscle strength (p = 0.001), lower body muscle strength (p = 0.001), Neuromuscular function (p = 0.001) and aerobic endurance (p = 0.001) in the training group compared to the control group.

Due to the fact that the risk of falls is very common in the elderly, so it is recommended to use neuromuscular training programs with psychological interventions taking into account training features such as; Individual differences are used to improve balance, muscle strength, neuromuscular function and aerobic endurance.

Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder that is the cause of disability and absence from work. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of six weeks of aquatic and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercises on postural sways and the plantar pressure distribution symmetry (PPDS) in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (n-CLBP). Thirty-six n-CLBP patients were randomly divided into three groups: DNS group (n = 12), aqua exercises (n = 12) and control (n = 12). The PPDS and postural sways were assessed by PT-scan. The experimel groups participated in the interventions for 6 weeks (three times per week) and the control group did not receive any treatment during this period. The results of this study showed that, there was no significant difference between groups in postural sways and the PPDS (p>0/05). Also, paired sample t-test results showed that intervention groups had significant differences in PPDS, the center of pressure path length and sways area from pre-tests to post-tests (P <0.05). Moreover, the aqua group had a reduction in the standard deviation of the center of pressure medial-lateral sways (SDx). (p<0/05). According to the results of the current study, aqua and DNS exercises improve postural sways and PPDS in patients with n-CLBP. Therefore, in rehabilitation programs, the use of DNS exercises by activation of spinal stabilizing muscles similar to common aqua exercises is recommended to improve patients' postural sways and the PPDS.

String musicians have the highest number of musculoskeletal disorders among different groups of musicians. Few studies have investigated the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and postural abnormalities in these people comparing to non-musicians. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and postural abnormalities in professional dulcimer and violin players and to compare them to non-musicians. This is a descriptive comparative study. Seventy professional male dulcimer and violin players aged 18 to 40 years, and 35 male non-musicians were participated in this study. Flexible ruler and forward head goniometer were used to measure kyphosis, lordosis and forward head posture. Scoliosis were assessed with photogrammetry. Risk of musculoskeletal disorders for upper limb assessed using photogrammetry and RULA method. For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk and U Mann-Whitney tests were used in SPSS version22 with the significance level of 0.05. The results showed that risk of work related musculoskeletal disorders, kyphosis, lordosis, forward head posture and scoliosis were significantly higher in dulcimer players comparing to non-musicians. In violin players, the risk of work related musculoskeletal disorders, kyphosis, lordosis and forward head posture were significantly higher comparing to non-musicians as well, but no significant difference were in their scoliosis. According to the findings of the study, it can be said that the dulcimer and violin players are more vulnerable to work related musculoskeletal disorders and postural abnormalities compared to non-musicians and the corrective strategies are suggested for these disorders.