فصلنامه ایده های نوین روانشناسی
سال هفتم شماره 19 (زمستان 1401)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on academic procrastination and responsibility among the first high school students of Kovar city in 1401. The research method was based on practical purpose and in terms of data collection, it was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and random assignment of subjects. The statistical population included all male students of the first grade of high school in Kovar city, which was considered as the sample size by using available sampling method, 30 students in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group received cognitive training based on presence of mind for 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group remained on the waiting list. In order to collect information, the procrastination questionnaire of Solomon and Roth Bloom (1984) and the responsibility of California were used. Also, in order to measure validity, content validity was used, and for this purpose, the questionnaire was approved by the relevant experts. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires was done through SPSS-v24 software in two descriptive and inferential parts (covariance analysis). The findings showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has improved academic procrastination in students, and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has improved students' responsibility. Therefore, it seems that cognitive therapy training based on mindfulness can promote the responsibility of students and provide effective techniques to deal with academic procrastination.

The purpose of the present study was to predict the tendency to extramarital relationships through the lack of marital commitment and intimacy in married women. In terms of its nature and objectives, this research is applied and the correlation method was used for its implementation. The statistical population of this research was all the married women of Shiraz city in 1401 and 150 people were selected as a sample using the purposeful sampling method.

To collect data, questionnaires of tendency towards extramarital relationships, marital commitment and intimacy were used, whose validity and reliability have been confirmed.

The results showed that there is an inverse and significant relationship between marital commitment and the tendency to have extramarital relationships, and there was also an inverse and significant relationship between intimacy and the tendency to have extramarital relationships.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the Synetics method on increasing students' creativity and examining the micro-components of creativity, including extension, originality, flexibility and fluidity. The research method was conducted as a pre-test-post-test experiment with a control group. Torrance Creative Thinking Test Form B was used to measure creativity. The statistical population was the students of  Payam Noor Saveh, 20 of whom were in the experimental group and 26 in the control group, who were randomly divided into two groups. The method of data analysis was done using covariance analysis. The findings showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores in the experimental group (p<0.05). Also, creativity components were significantly different at the p<0.05 level, except for fluidity, in the two experimental and control groups. The obtained results showed that teaching the Synetics method in students leads to an increase in creativity and is effective on the components of extension, originality and flexibility.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between corona anxiety in parents and creativity and self-esteem of 6 to 11 children.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of developmental purpose and data collection method. The statistical population was students of schools in district one of Tehran (2156 people) who were selected as a subject using multi-stage cluster sampling method based on Morgan table 170 people.The instruments used in this study were Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CDAS) (Alipour, Ghadami, Alipour and Abdollahzadeh, 2020), Torrance Creativity Questionnaire (Torrance et al., 1996) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Questionnaire (SEI) (Boroumand, 2001) after collecting data using Pearson correlation coefficient in software space (SPSS) version 23, was analyzed.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between coronary anxiety in parents and creativity in children (r = -0.31, p <0.01), a negative and significant relationship between coronary anxiety in parents and self-esteem in children. There is (r = -0.45, p <0.01).

It can be stated that corona anxiety in parents has a negative and significant relationship with creativity and self-esteem of children.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of hope therapy on stress management and mental health of multiple sclerosis patients in Tehran in 1401. The current research method is semi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test plan with a control group was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study was made up of 21,000 patients who are members of the MS community in Tehran, and among them, 54 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental group (29 people) and the control group (25 people). The experimental group of hope therapy was trained for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The tools used in the present study included Cohen's perceived stress (1983) and Goldberg's mental health (1972), which were used in two stages, pre-test and post-test. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaire was done through the SPSS24 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (analysis of covariance). The findings showed that hope therapy improved stress management in patients with MS. Also, the results showed that hope therapy improved mental health and its components in patients with MS. Therefore, it seems that hope therapy can reduce stress and provide effective techniques to improve mental health in patients with MS.

This research was conducted with the aim of social skills modeling based on psychological well-being, loneliness, anger management in deaf children. This research was a description of Correlation-Causal type such that the statistical population of the research included all deaf children in the Second period of primary school in the age group of 10-13 years old in the academic year of 2021-2022. For this respect, a sample of 211 children were selected by simple random sampling and the questionnaires of social skills, psychological well-being, loneliness and anger management were handed among them. The gathering data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and Smart PLS3, the Pearson correlation index and structural equations analysis. Data analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between social skills with loneliness (r=-0.407) and anger management (r=-0.18). The results also showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between loneliness and social skills. The psychological well-being variable also showed a significant correlation and relationship with the variables of this research, including feelings of loneliness and social skills (t=1.967) (ß=-0.155). The results of path analysis and determining the mediating role of psychological well-being showed that the indirect effect of psychological well-being on social skills was not significant from the path of anger management (ß=0.007), but it was significant from the path loneliness (ß=-0.039). Considering the role of controlling the feeling of loneliness in promoting psychological well-being and social skills in deaf children, therapeutic interventions and psychological and counseling training can be used in this field.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of Olson's marital relationship enrichment training on the quality of married life of couples. The statistical population of this research was all the couples who referred to counseling centers in Tehran and the research sample consisted of 30 of these people who met the criteria for entering the research, who were divided into two experimental and control groups, and 15 of them received marital relationship enrichment training. Olson's method was included in 10 sessions of 90 minutes, and 15 other people did not complete any training during this time and remained on the waiting list. The main data of this research was obtained by using Busby et al.'s Marital Life Quality Questionnaire - Revised Form (1995). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness, maximum and minimum) and inferential statistics (multivariate covariance analysis) were used in data analysis. The results showed that Olson's marital relationship enrichment training was effective on the quality of married life and had the greatest impact on the component of cohesion (one of the subscales of the quality of married life).

Paying attention to the mental health of addicts during addiction recovery is an important and valuable issue for success in addiction recovery. The general purpose of this research is to compare the mental health components of Na addicts and methadone addicts in Tehran. The statistical population includes all the people who came for treatment in the drug addiction treatment centers under the welfare support of Tehran, as well as the addicts who participated in the meetings of NA addicts, whose period of 3 months has passed since the start of the treatment. Sampling was done by the available method from among the above two groups and 50 people were selected from each group. In this research, Keys' mental health questionnaire (2002) was used to evaluate the investigated variables. The results of the research showed that the level of overall mental health and its components in Na addicts is higher than in people treated with methadone. According to the obtained results, it seems that among the treatment methods used to get rid of drug addiction, if counseling and group therapy are used in a systematic and regular manner along with drug therapy, the possibility of success in the treatment is more and the possibility of slipping and returning to Re-use decreases in drug withdrawal individuals. It is suggested to pay more attention to the issue of mental health of addicted people during addiction treatment, and also with the help of families of addicts who are quitting, more attention can be paid to their mental health to increase the effectiveness of drug addiction in these people.

Sometimes obstacles and problems arise in a person's life, which disrupts the adaptation and, as a result, the mental balance of the person and causes mental disorders. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on the reduction of psychological symptoms in patients with histrionic personality disorder.

The research design was a randomized controlled trial with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all adult women living in Semnan with histrionic personality disorder. To collect information, the revised 90-question disease symptom checklist and Riff's psychological well-being scale were used. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) and SPSS-26 statistical software were used for data analysis.

Examining the average difference of each of the components of the psychological symptoms of the intervention group (intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy) and the control group indicates that by removing the effect of the pre-tests, there is a positive relationship between both groups in the components of independence, self-mastery, personal growth, With others, there is a significant difference in purpose in life, self-acceptance and psychological well-being.

The obtained results show that psychodynamic therapy allows the expression of emotions caused by stress in a safe environment with no feeling of rejection by the therapist, which leads to the growth of these people. Shedler (2010) believes that short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy, in addition to high insight and meaningful effectiveness, leads to long-term improvement of clients. This method, through a corrective emotional experience, makes a person in a suitable environment have the opportunity to face what he has avoided throughout his life and the non-adaptive ways he used to communicate with himself and others (one of the components of psychological well-being). let g

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral skills training on anger control and addiction potential among female high school students in Tehran. The research method is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of all high school female students in Tehran, from among them, 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The experimental group of cognitive behavioral skills training was trained for 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group remained on the waiting list. The tools used in the current research included trait-state anger questionnaires (Spielberger, 1999) and addiction potential scale (McAndrew, 1965). The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaire was done in two descriptive and inferential parts (analysis of covariance). The results showed that cognitive behavioral skills training had an effect on reducing anger and addiction potential in teenagers. Training cognitive behavioral skills can have an effect on anger control and reduce the tendency of adolescents to become addiction potential. Therefore, it can be used as a method of prevention.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of critical thinking training intervention based on psychological capital (hope, resilience, self-efficacy and optimism) and academic self-discipline in student athletes The city of Malkan. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research includes all student athletes studying in the academic year 1401-1402 in Ajab Shir city. Among the statistical population, 40 students were selected by available sampling method. Further, the research samples were assigned by random sampling in two experimental groups (critical thinking training of 20 people) and control (20 people). The experimental group was trained for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. In order to collect the research data, Luthans and Auliou (2007) psychological capital questionnaire and Pintrich and DeGroot (1990) academic self-discipline were used. In order to analyze the research data, univariate and multivariate covariance were used.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of psychological capital (hope, resilience and self-efficacy) and academic self-regulation (P<0.05). Also, only in the subscale of optimism (psychological capital variable) there is no significant difference at the level (P<0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that critical thinking training was effective in improving the subscales of hope, resilience and self-efficacy (psychological capital) and academic self-discipline, except for the optimism subscale of students..

Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a pattern of problems that usually occurs in childhood but may continue into adulthood. According to reports, 60 to 85% of people who receive this diagnosis in childhood have the criteria for the disorder in adolescence, and up to 60% of their symptoms continue into adulthood. Emotional instability, job and academic failure, and alcohol abuse are among the characteristics of ADHD, which are effective in forming and reinforcing maladaptive schemas. The schemas that are more prominent in adult patients with ADHD (such as failure and shame) fit well with their learning history and main symptoms. In fact, schemas are conceptualized as information processing structures and, as expected, are the basis of cognitive and metacognitive thoughts and beliefs that are also necessary for understanding emotional experiences in one's life. The term metacognition is defined as the knowledge of cognitive processes. Metacognition affects human cognitive processing through processes such as control, monitoring, planning, and correction, and interacts with a person's emotional processing or mental health. The concept of meta-emotion as first introduced by Gottman et al. (1996) and has since been extended to other fields. Meta-emotions are divided into two dimensions: positive meta-emotions (meta self-compassion and meta-interest and negative meta-emotions (including meta-anger, meta-shame / meta self-humiliation, meta-control of thought, and self-prevention of emotion). People with positive emotions are less likely to make inappropriate and hasty decisions which suppresses their thoughts and emotions. The present study aimed to compare the maladaptive schemas, metacognitive beliefs and positive meta-emotions in people with ADHD and normal adults.

The present study was a causal comparative study in term of design and the statistical population included all adults with ADHD in Isfahan in the fall of 2021. The research sample consisted of 60 adults, 30 of whom had ADHD and 30 normal adults who were selected by convenient methods and referring to two counseling centers in Isfahan. Inclusion criteria include 1) age range of 18 to 60 years, and 2) the presence or absence of symptoms of ADHD (according to the cut score 55) and the exclusion criteria include medication and treatment for ADHD / Attention deficit. Research questionnaires included: 1- Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (Young, 2005) contains 75 questions that evaluate 15 schemas and 5 domains. Young and Brown found the convergent validity of the questionnaire equal to 0.56 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole test was 0.96. 2- Metacognitive Beliefs and Positive Meta-emotion Questionnaire (Beer and Monte, 2010) has 18 questions, whose validity coefficient was equal to 0.54 and reliability through Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.73 (19). At the inferential level, the Shapiro-Wilk and Levin tests were used to check the presuppositions, and the independent t-test was used to check the main objective of the researches. All statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS software version 26.

The results of the t-test in incompatible schemas showed that adults with ADHD in the areas of rejection (p<0.001), impaired self-management and performance (p<0.001), impaired limits and boundaries (p<0.001), misdirection (p0.001) <), alertness and inhibition (p<0.001), have obtained higher scores than normal adults. The results showed that normal adults in total score of metacognitions _ excitement (p<0.001) and the components of trust in extinguishing stable emotions (p<0.001), preventing immediate reaction/setting the mind to solve the problem (p<0.001), Trust in flexible goals and practical goals (p<0.001) and positive metacognition and positive meta excitement (p<0.001) have obtained higher scores than adults with ADHD.

By identifying maladaptive schemas and positive metacognitive and meta-motional beliefs, can be helped to improve ADHD in adults.

Corona and the anxiety caused by it have faced the world with serious challenges. It seems that susceptible people experience more damage from this disease. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the primary maladaptive schemas in people suffering from corona anxiety and normal people. 

Research method:

This research was of a causal-comparative type and the research population consisted of all normal people suffering from corona anxiety in the city of Isfahan in the year 1400.The research sample consisted of 60 male and female subjects (30 normal subjects and 30 subjects with corona anxiety) between the ages of 18 and 40 years old, who were selected by available sampling method. In order to measure the research variables, the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale Questionnaire and the short form of Young’s Incongruent Schemas Questionnaire were used. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and by the analysis method of two independent groups. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The findings showed that the primary maladaptive schemas are significantly higher in the group of people with corona anxiety. Also, the schemas of unfair standards and pessimism/worry are significantly higher in people with corona anxiety.

It can be concluded that the schemas of unfair criteria and pessimism/worry are more in people with corona anxiety. Therefore, to reduce the anxiety of Corona, it is possible to carry out therapeutic measures on these two schemas.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on psychological helplessness and improving the psychological capital of patients with diabetes in Gilan province in 1400. The method used in this research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and random assignment of subjects. The statistical population included all female patients with type 2 diabetes who had a file in Simorgh Diabetes Clinic, Gilan, using the available and targeted sampling method, the number of 30 patients with diabetes in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups ) was considered as the sample size. The experimental group received life skills training for 9 sessions and the control group did not receive any treatment. In order to collect information, psychological helplessness questionnaire (Bond, 1995) and psychological capital questionnaire (McGee, 2011) were used. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and the value of this coefficient was found to be above 0.7 for both questionnaires. Also, in order to measure validity, content validity was used, and for this purpose, the questionnaire was approved by the relevant experts. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of questionnaires was done through SPSS software in two descriptive and inferential parts (analysis of covariance). The findings showed that life skills training reduced the psychological helplessness of patients with diabetes. Also, based on the results of the findings, life skills training increased psychological capital and its components in patients with diabetes. Therefore, it seems that life skills training can reduce the psychological helplessness of patients and provide effective techniques to increase psychological capital.

Philosophical behaviorism is one of the branches of physicalism. Physicalism is a theory that either considers the ego and egoistic states to be unreal (eliminationist physicalism) or considers them to have no reality other than material things (reductionist physicalism). Philosophical behaviorism is a type of reductionist physicalism based on which the ego and ego states are considered to be identical with the external behavior of humans. This theory is based on three points of view: psychological behaviorism, researchability theory of meaning and Wittgenstein's theory of private language. Learning is a complex process that people have investigated from different perspectives and each one has depicted an aspect of human learning. In a division, learning theories have been divided into four theories: behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and communicationism. Accordingly, in this article, a brief overview of the basics of behaviorist learning theory was discussed.

Since the purpose of the research was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and occupational self-concept, the current research was applied in terms of purpose and survey and correlational in terms of the way of collecting information. The library method was used to collect information from the research literature section, and the structural equation modeling method was used to test the accuracy of the research theoretical model and calculate the effect coefficients. . Descriptive method has been used to organize, summarize information, prepare tables, draw graphs and describe collected data. The statistical population in this research is all the employees of the 11th district of Tehran, which was a total of 360 people, and using the Morgan table, the statistical sample size was determined to be 186 people. In the analytical model, emotional intelligence was the independent variable and occupational self-concept was the dependent variable. The main tool for collecting information was to evaluate the emotional intelligence short form of the Gigans emotional intelligence questionnaire (2010) and to evaluate the occupational self-concept, the Shafiabadi and Rezaei questionnaire (2016). The results showed that emotional intelligence had a significant relationship with the occupational self-concept of Tehran Municipality employees.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of parenting styles in predicting the mental health of students through the mediation of spiritual intelligence in the number of 200 students studying in the second half of 2019-400 in the second period of high school in Dehlran city. Non-random samples were done by descriptive method and by correlation method and regression coefficient. To examine parenting, Bamrind's 30-item questionnaire (1990), spiritual intelligence from Abdullahzadeh and Arab Ameri's 24-item questionnaire (1387), and Goldberg's (1972) 28-item questionnaire for mental health were used. Investigating the role of parenting styles in predicting spiritual intelligence and mental health of students showed: There is a positive and significant relationship between authoritative style and spiritual intelligence. There is a positive and significant relationship between authoritative style and mental health. There is an inverse relationship between the free-flowing style and spiritual intelligence. There is a positive and significant relationship between free-flowing style and mental health. There is an inverse relationship between authoritarian style and spiritual intelligence. There is an inverse relationship between authoritarian style and mental health. According to the research findings, it can be concluded that parenting styles and spiritual intelligence play a role in predicting the mental health of their children.

The purpose of this research is to predict mental health based on logical thinking, self-esteem and self-efficacy of female students of second secondary level in Borujerd city. This research is descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population was all female students of the second secondary level (high school) in the age range of 15-17 in Borujerd city in the academic year of 2019-1400, of which 110 people were selected as the sample group. The tools used were: Goldberg and Hiller's mental health questionnaire, Fasion's logical thinking, Rosenberg's self-esteem and Morgan-Jinks' self-efficacy. The results showed that logical thinking, self-esteem and self-efficacy can positively and meaningfully predict students' mental health. Also, self-efficacy has the largest share of predicting students' mental health.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and academic performance in high school female students. The statistical population of this research includes all female students of the first secondary level in Tehran in the academic year 1402-1401, of which 168 people were selected as a sample using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. After the questionnaires were dropped, the remaining sample number was 156 people. The research tools were Bamrind's (1972) parenting styles questionnaires, which had acceptable validity and reliability, were used. Also, the students' monthly grade point average was used to measure academic performance. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics of Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used using SPSS-23 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between parents' parenting styles and students' academic performance. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between authoritarian parenting style and academic performance and a negative and significant relationship between permissive and authoritarian parenting style and academic performance.

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between addiction to online games and social anxiety in teenagers. The statistical population of the research consists of all the students of the first secondary level of Tehran city in the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019, of which 320 people were selected based on the Morgan table and available sampling method. The measurement tool in this research was Wang and Chang's online game addiction questionnaire (2002) and Jarbak's social anxiety questionnaire (1996). Data analysis was done in two descriptive and inferential sections (Pearson correlation coefficient test and regression analysis) using SPSS-22 software. The results of the research indicated that social anxiety is a significant predictor of addiction to online games in high school students and positively predicted addiction to online games at a significance level of 0.01 with a beta coefficient of 0.14.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of brain-behavioral systems in predicting emotion regulation and anxiety sensitivity in mothers with autistic children. The statistical population of this research includes all mothers with autistic children whose children were studying in the exceptional elementary schools of Tehran in the academic year of 1401-1402. 150 of them were selected by available sampling method. The measurement tools in this research were questionnaires of brain-behavioral systems, emotion regulation and anxiety sensitivity, which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics of Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used using SPSS-23 software. The results showed that between behavioral brain systems and emotion regulation; And there is a relationship between brain-behavioral systems and anxiety sensitivity in mothers with autistic children. Also, the results of statistical analysis indicated that brain-behavioral systems are predictors of emotion regulation and anxiety sensitivity in mothers with autistic children.

The purpose of this research is to predict social adjustment based on fear of negative evaluation and perception of parents' behavior in children with learning disabilities. The statistical population of this study included all children from the third to fifth grades with learning disabilities in Tehran in the academic year 1402-1401, and 90 of them were selected by available sampling method. The measurement tools in this research were social adjustment questionnaires by Dekhanchi (1377), perception of parental behavior by Parker et al. (1979) and fear of negative evaluation by Leary (1983), which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics of Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used using SPSS-23 software. The results showed that between social adaptation and fear of negative evaluation; And there is a relationship between social adjustment and the perception of parents' behavior in children with learning disabilities. Also, the results of statistical analysis indicated that fear of negative evaluation and perception of parents' behavior are predictors of social adaptation of children with learning disabilities.

Since the purpose of the research was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and occupational self-concept, the current research was applied in terms of purpose and survey and correlational in terms of the way of collecting information. The library method was used to collect information from the research literature section, and the structural equation modeling method was used to test the accuracy of the research theoretical model and calculate the effect coefficients. . Descriptive method has been used to organize, summarize information, prepare tables, draw graphs and describe collected data. The statistical population in this research is all the employees of the 11th district of Tehran, which was a total of 360 people, and using the Morgan table, the statistical sample size was determined to be 186 people. In the analytical model, emotional intelligence was the independent variable and occupational self-concept was the dependent variable. The main tool for collecting information was to evaluate the emotional intelligence short form of the Gigans emotional intelligence questionnaire (2010) and to evaluate the occupational self-concept, the Shafiabadi and Rezaei questionnaire (2016). The results showed that emotional intelligence had a significant relationship with the occupational self-concept of Tehran Municipality employees.