Journal of environment and sustainable mining
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

The adsorption steps of Direct Red 80 (DR 80) and Direct Red 81 (DR 81) dyes from a synthetic aqueous solution were investigated using diatomite as a low cost, abundant and naturally available adsorbent. The equilibrium and kinetics studies were first carried out. The effects of pH, contact time, temperature, initial concentration, calcinations and sorbent dose on the adsorption process were conducted in order to obtain the maximum dyes removal. The highest adsorption was obtained at pH 2. The maximum adsorption of DR 80 and DR 81 dyes onto diatomite were 90.19 and 93.08 % respectively. It was further found that both investigated steps of adsorption including diffusion and adsorption on surfaces are important. However, the size of dye molecule is more effective, especially, on the adsorption capacity. It means that diffusion through the micro-pores is the most important step of the adsorption mechanism and adsorption on the adsorbent surfaces has the second place of significance.

Mining design is a key part of the mining life cycle and the integration of sustainable development (SD) considerations makes the project a profitable activity with the least adverse social and environmental impacts. Applying sustainability considerations in the very late stages of project development and focusing on impact mitigation and control measures has been one of the most important reasons for not integrating the principles of SD in the feasibility and design stages of projects. In this study, the attributes of the three principles of SD discussed in various studies were collected and a logical approach was adopted to identify the social and environmental attributes effective in the design, optimization, and selection of the ultimate pit limit (UPL). Then, political-security problems, creation of employment, pollution of underground/surface waters, acidic depositions, materials existed in the tailings dam, soil physical specifications, the recycle/removal of waste, restore habitat post-mining, tailing dams and waste dumps and respect of sensitive areas was selected for quantification and integration in the sustainable design of the Songun copper mine as a case study.

Miners are exposed to different pollutions in mineral environments. This study aimed to investigate the pulmonary function and respiratory disorders in the workers of Nahbandan city caused by dust and dirt. The semi-experimental study was conducted on 30 workers with occupational exposure to dust (exposure group) and compared them with 30 workers without occupational exposure to dust. Two rounds of spirometry were performed for them after they completed a standard respiratory questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA in the confidence level of p<0.05 in SPSS-22 software. The clinical symptoms pulmonary in the exposure group were significantly higher than the clinical symptoms pulmonary in the group without exposure (p<0.05). Pulmonary function was significantly lower in the exposure group than in the without exposure group (p<0.05). The second Spirometry showed that the average of all parameters at the end of the work shift was decreased compared to the corresponding values before exposure. These values were not considerable (p>0.05), but the average of inhalable dust in mines was 1.75 times the allowable occupational contact in Iran. Stone mine dust is associated with irreversible chronic changes in pulmonary function parameters and respiratory symptoms. Consequently, all workers must wear special masks at work, and the daily work schedule should be reduced.

The purpose of this study is to note the influence of coal on environmental pollution and introduce solutions for the removal of this pollutions. Environmental problems caused by coal production and use can be improved or efficiently addresses during processing, recovery, conversion, or reclamation. Coal is a dominant primary source of chemical energy and the production of power and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. The demand for these coal products is rising throughout the world. This demand in traditional markets is rising steadily. Coal is very important for the development of countries; therefore, effective use is vital for energy-poor countries. If the negative effects (or impacts) of coal on the environment are handled successfully, it can have a bright future. Clean coal technologies (CCT) are needed to utilize coal in an environmentally acceptable way and to improve coal utilization efficiency. Clean coal technology (CCT) is the main issue to maintain a clean environment and economically viable way. Carbon sequestration and electrostatic and fabric filters are the other techniques control techniques for pollution of coal mining.

  In this study, geostatistical methods were used to describe the hydrochemical effects of arsenic in the Ardestan region of the Isfahan province. The primary statistics and spatial-exploratory information were extracted from 105 sampling locations. The Inverse Distance Weighting method was then used to evaluate location continuity and heavy metal density in unknown regions. As a result of considering a specific mesh in the region and modeling and sketching the variograms of normalized values, successive Gaussian simulations were conducted, which provided results that were in close agreement with reality. The results show that in the middle part of the study area in two locations (spring and well), the Arsenic value is high in the groundwater, and in the southwest and middle parts of the zone, the density of arsenic is lower. The density of this metal in water has increased in the southeast and northeast of the region to Ardestan.

The study area is located in the general geological division of Iran in the Nehbandan Khash zone. In the study area, there are no older rocks than Cretaceous, so that the oldest and youngest rock units in the region are related to Upper Cretaceous and Quaternary periods, respectively. In the study area, after identifying the rock units according to the region's geomagnetic status and factors such as river topography, tectonics, and alteration, 12 samples of the river bed were taken for heavy mineral studies. After data processing, numerous graphs and maps for minerals (magnetite, rutile, barite, zircon, amphibole, hematite and pyroxene, pyrite oxide, garnet, alumina minerals, Calcite) were drawn using GIs and Spss software. The iron group has the highest correlation coefficient with the group of altered minerals and basic rock group. The group of ore-bearing minerals has the highest correlation coefficient with Titanium and Carbonate groups. The group of altered minerals shows the highest positive correlation coefficient with the group of basic minerals. Titanic minerals have the highest positive correlation coefficient with carbonate group and acidic minerals group. The carbonate mineral group shows the most positive correlation with acidic mineral groups. The only mineral of the magnetic element is magnetite, which covers more than 90 percent of the volume. In this phase, mineral garnet is also known as semi-precious gemstone and gemstone minerals