نشریه پژوهش های اقتصاد مقاومتی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 7، بهار و تابستان 1398)

Considering the existing economic problems in the country and the need to strengthen the production bases of the economy based on internal capacities in line with the policies of the Moqavematy economy, it is necessary to identify and remove barriers of production in different economic sectors . Meanwhile, the nomadic community of the country, despite its brilliant background in national economy and various capacities, does not have a strong presence in national production. This society, which has a productive force in the economy, faces obstacles that not only impede the use of its capacities to boost national production, but also caused problem to the tribal livelihood itself. This paper tries to provide strategies for strengthening tribal production using component-based approach of Moqavematy economy. Therefore, while describing the main components of the Moqavenaty economy, the appropriate actions to each component in production are introduced. Finally, due to the appropriate actions in production, the necessary strategies and orientations for the nomadic economy have been identified.

Resistance economics is the fundamental approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the path of economic development and advancement. This area of ​​economic knowledge, which is the shadow of Islamic economic knowledge in the modern age, contains strategies that clearly reveal the path of the Iranian economy towards economic development and advancement. Economic endogeny with a focus on supporting domestic production, outsourcing and having a strong economic diplomacy, the popularity of the economy in the direction of privatization, making the economy knowledge base to create value-based output rather than natural resources, equity-based economic integrity, and ultimately resilience Against external shocks, It is one of the most important pillars of the resistance economy against foreign shocks. Undoubtedly believing in the strategies of resistive economy and planning for their correct implementation provides the path of development and progress of the Iranian economy. Investigating the conceptual clouds of the resistive economy and its adaptation to the components of the development path of the developed countries of the world reveal deep differences and commonalities. Including Japan's economy, which has sustained a steady and long-run economic growth, has been named among the countries that have created economic miracles. Using a descriptive-analytic approach, this article has addressed these commonalities and disparities and explains some lessons for the Iranian economy while explaining why it is necessary to insist on the implementation of resistance economy policies.

Emphasis on macro-planning, which was carried out by experts with a civil and economic approach, led to the neglect of social and cultural issues in the planning. The failure of these plans and their consequences have popularized the concept of sustainable neighborhood development. In the framework of sustainable urban development, this planning considers neighborhoods as urban cells, considers them as planning units, and uses the existing capacities in the neighborhood for social purposes. Given the gap in the existence of indigenous indicators of sustainable neighborhood development based on the model of resistance economy, the main issue of this article is to explain the components of the model of sustainable neighborhood development in the framework of general policies of resistance economy. In this regard, the present article presents the weekly approaches to the general policies of the resistance economy, which include jihadist, flexible, opportunistic, productive, endogenous, progressive and extroverted approaches as the general spirit governing these policies. It is considered that it governs all clauses of these policies and it can be said that the point of difference between the resistance model and other conventional models of economic development. In this regard, this article uses etymological and semantic methods to extract the conceptual components of each of the seven general policy approaches, and finally, by multiplying the conceptual approaches of general policy approaches in the components of neighborhood sustainable development, a matrix of Components of sustainable development have extracted a neighborhood with a resilient approach by brainstorming and elite polls. The main findings of the article indicate that: The components of the neighborhood sustainable development model should be considered according to human, service, physical, social and cultural criteria, environment, communications and transportation, as well as the components of general policy approaches. Develop and implement.

Over the past decade, with the intensification of economic sanctions, the weaknesses in the country's economy have become more apparent, and for this reason, the Supreme Leader, considering the fundamental importance of this issue, announced the general policies of the resistance economy in 2014. One of the most fundamental clauses in the general policies of the resistance economy is to pay attention to improving the level of production in the country, which has been more explicitly emphasized by the Supreme Leader of the Revolution in the last three years; He was also noticed in the selection of the slogan of the year, and this trend continued this year with the selection of the slogan "Production leap" as the slogan of the year. Thus, the most basic economic strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the current situation is to maintain and improve the level of production in the country, which can strengthen the national economy and reduce its vulnerability.One of the most important strategies that need to be put on the agenda of policy makers and managers in order to fulfill the slogan of the year is a comprehensive and large study of the barriers to the realization of production leaps. Provide. In order to use the thematic analysis method, while collecting written data related to the subject, several group interviews have been used. Barriers related to the banking system, barriers related to the tax system, barriers related to the capital market, barriers related to the country's macroeconomic environment, barriers within the firm, business barriers, barriers related to the country's policy and administrative system and barriers related to the social security system Explanatory explanation of barriers to production mutation was extracted in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Self-sufficiency has become one of the important and strategic issues in macro policy making and policy making with the advent of a resilient economy model introduced by the supreme leader, today. Self-sufficiency in agricultural production is one of the main topics in resilience economics. Strategic wheat product has always been considered in addition to supplying food needs of the country in other political and social dimensions. Since self-sufficiency issues in wheat production have been found to be complex, dynamic and unstructured, and human systems are involved, they can not be modeled and solved with hard and hard techniques. This research is an applied research, and because the soft-ware system is trying to discover the intentions and ensure an adequate agreement among the factions, it will lead to self-sufficiency in the production of wheat; therefore, the focus group method has been used to collect data. The statistical population of this research is senior managers of Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture and experts in agricultural education and promotion at the same ministry and wheat farmers in Tehran province. Samples of 22 were selected. Also, for analyzing the findings of this study, tools such as enriched images, PQR formula, CATWOE formula, comparative tables of current conditions with favorable conditions have been used. Finally, solutions for the development of the system are presented in a structured way, which involves creating changes in structure, processes, and attitudes, so that they are logically feasible and culturally feasible.

The personal income tax system in Iran suffers from some loopholes and drawbacks. The evolution of the tax system is one of the necessities that is mentioned in the country's upstream documents such as the General Policies of Eghtesad-d-Moghavemati and the Islamic-Iranian Model of Progress. One of the main solutions to correct this structure is a systematic change, centered on the total income tax. But that model of taxation has a lot of subtle that requires evaluating different aspects of it and having a look at other countries' experiences, and also makes it necessary to analyze the specific characteristics of Iran. In this regard, there is no huge amount of research so far. So the question of this study is that what are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of income tax systems, and which one is appropriate for Iran? Utilizing a library research methodology, after evaluating different types of PIT systems and examining the different aspects of Iran's political economy, we concluded that the flat income tax system with basic credit (type III) is the most appropriate system with respect to the structure of the political economy. And it also satisfies efficiency, justice, and simplicity goals to the desirable extent. It is also recommended that the subsidies in cash be paid in the form of tax credits. The findings also have policy implications aiming reduction or elimination of tax exemptions, establishing comprehensive databases, laws amendment, and changing the country's enforcement practices.

The aim of the current research is to design and explain the model of human resources productivity based on supreme leader’s strategic statement about resistance economy. The method used in this research is the combination of quantitive and qualitive methods. In qualitive method, the author extracted data by thematic analysis. Further, in orther to make thematic network and research model, the author used some interviews and questionnaires. First of all, the authors searched for the themes about human resources productivity from the strategic statements of supreme leader about resistive economy, and 72 codes have been extracted. Furthermore, these codes have been proposed to experts for analyzing and revisions. Finally, all these codes have been presented to the experts again, by questionnaires and their idea gathered about the same. In sum, after having all experts’ idea about these codes, and testing with Binomial test in SPSS, the author proposed the model of human resources productivity based on supreme leader’s strategic statement about resistance economy. The model includes four main indices, i.e. Personal factors, Technical factors, Managerial factors, Structural factors.

Due to the US breach of JCPOA and leaving this international agreement, and imposing new sanctions against Iran, we are witnessing several problems in the economy, and especially difficulties regarding to foreign currencies. Extreme fluctuations and sharp increases in the foreign exchange rate have led to the increased level of the prices and decrement of the purchasing power of the people. Currently what is perceived as the most important is the implementation of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati. Therefore, in this research, we have classified the related indicators of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati to foreign exchange market which there had been not any research in this field so far. Using the Delphi method in this research, out of the 24 indicators of the General Policies of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati, 13 foreign exchange market-related indicators were recognized in the point of view of the expert. Using interpretive structural modeling and Excel software, the mentioned indicators were classified. The results show that the indicators of transparentization and correction of economy, and the indicator of coordination amongst the policies of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati have high effectiveness, and the indicator of the knowledge-based economy, as the most infrastructural indicator, places at the last level.

Governmental budgeting, as a ground for public resource distribution, is one of the most important economic subjects, and also considered as one of the most important areas for the distribution of rent. Countries with high intervention and a big size of the government in the economy, government and government budget will play a significant role in the distribution of resources, and for this reason, it will be in the center of attention of different individuals and groups to gain economic and non-economic benefits. The side effects of a rentier economy have led economists to seek solutions to reduce the grounds of rent-seeking and lead the economy towards a productive and entrepreneurial economy. In this regard, the current study we seek to pathologize the process of budget bill ratification in the sense of the rent-creation groundwork, and represent the needed solutions for the correction and improvement of the process, aiming the alleviation of corruption groundwork and implementation of the 19th article of the General Policies of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati. This descriptive-analytical study has identified five major problems in the ratification process, which are rooted in the absence of the basis of expertise-oriented decision-making. And we attempt to provide some solutions with regard to other researches findings and practices of some countries.

Sports can be used as an effective and efficient and, at the same time, as an affordable tool in achieving the goals of the sports industry. In order to achieve this goal, important management tools and economic models play a key role. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and examine the indices of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati in sport and its impact on the development of the economy of sports. Quantitative method is used in this study. The sample includes 120 economists familiar with sports issues, professors of sport management at the universities, activists in the sport economy and experts in the field of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati. In this research, we used a closed questionnaire of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati’s on sports and a questionnaire of the development of sports economy. Descriptive statistics is used in the categorization of the findings. In the testing process of the hypothesis, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Friedman test and multivariate regression test were used, using 22th version of SPSS software. The results, extracted from the Friedman test and concerning to six indices of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati in sport, showed that Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati’s indices do not have an equal importance. The index of the economy with an active diplomacy has the highest average and an economy with reducing dependence on oil has the lowest average amongst the indices. According to the results of multiple regression tests, it can be said that Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati’s indices will succeed in the development and expansion of the sports industry.

According to the articles 1, 2, 5, 20, and 21 of the General Policies of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati from the point of view of the Supreme Leader, the strategies of the Technical and Vocational Organization are based on the design and deployment of a comprehensive system for skills and technology, promotion of skill-training culture and enhancement of the social status of the trainees, development of the Educational and vocational consultation in all of the Organization’s centers, provision of the necessary mechanisms to utilize the credit of the certificates and scientific degrees of the country's formal and informal education system in a reciprocal manner, increasing the contribution to the public and government sectors, optimal use of financial resources, laying the appropriate groundwork for the evaluation of skill-based training and tracking the employment of the trainees. So in this study, we first try to identify the comparative advantages of the Province and then rank them based on their better compliance with the approaches of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati. Then we recommend to Organization to practically approach the technical and professional skills toward the capacities, and lay the groundwork for employment and production by making the training applicable. The results show that the 19 economic sub-sectors have a comparative advantage and are compliant with Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati’s approaches. 6 sub-sectors have the comparative advantage but are not compliant with Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati’s approaches. And 6 sub-sectors lack the comparative advantage but are compliant with Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati, and the other 29 sub-sectors lack both the comparative advantage and compliance with Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati’s approaches.

Promotion of efficiency and productivity affects the main economic, social and political phenomena of societies, such as lowering inflation, increasing welfare, increasing employment and increasing competitiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of market efficiency as one of the pillars of economic resilience on economic success of Asian countries with the average upward competitiveness index for the period 2008-2018. For this purpose, using the Panel Vector Error Correction Model (PVECM), the effects of market efficiency on the economic success of these countries were investigated. In general, the results indicate that improving the market efficiency in the medium and long run lead to increase the rate of economic growth and decrease in unemployment rate and ultimately increase in economic success. The results also showed that the most effective variable on market efficiency is investment which has the greatest impact on market efficiency in the medium and long run.