Asian Journal of Nanoscience and Materials
Volume:6 Issue: 2, Jun 2023

Water contamination by various pollutants, such as conventional pollutants like dyes and other emerging micropollutants, is of great concern. Nowadays, there are a host of processes for the removal of dyes from contaminated water. Due to its greater surface area, mechanical properties, and thermal properties, PANI got wide acceptance. It is prepared by chemical, electrochemical, or photochemical polymerizations. Smart properties of PANI are further enhanced by adding dopants which may be inorganic or organic, like HCl, H2SO4, and nicotinic acid. Due to π conjugated electrons, PANI nanocomposites photo-catalytically degrade dye components from wastewater. However, adsorption is the most efficient and promising one. These composites become good hosts to adsorb dye components on their surface by cationic π-interaction or anionic π- interaction. The unique doping and dedoping properties of PANI change its morphology, pore size, and surface charge, enhancing the adsorbate-adsorbent interactions and the adsorption performance. The adsorption mechanism of dye on the surface of the PANI nanocomposite involves H-bonding, van der Walls interactions, covalent interactions, and electrostatic interactions. In the end, future perspectives on removing dyes using PANI are discussed.

Preparation of Fe3O4 and mica (mica/Fe3O4) nanocomposite as a magnetic heterogeneous nanocomposite is a new and novel idea with limited research. In most of these researches, the combination of salts containing Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in the presence of mica and an alkaline solution has been used to prepare Fe3O4 and load it on mica. This method may lead to the non-uniform formation of Fe3O4 on the mica. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative chemical methods that directly use Fe3O4 nanoparticles to bond with mica and form mica/Fe3O4 nanocomposites. The production method in this research is based on the co-precipitation method of superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 (SPMN- Fe3O4) and mica in the presence of SLS as a surfactant and urea as an adhesive. The FESEM image of the nanocomposite showed a uniform and proper distribution of Fe3O4 among the mica sheets. Evaluation of the VSM diagram of nanocomposite confirmed the superparamagnetic properties. XRD analysis of nanocomposite confirmed the existence of two phases, SPMN-Fe3O4 and mica. A simulation of MHT therapeutic operation is performed to explain the MHT process and show one of the applications of mica/Fe3O4 nanocomposite in cancer treatment.

In this research, zirconium was chosen as a dopant to improve the photovoltaic properties of lead selenide films. Using electrochemical deposition, we successfully deposited zirconium-doped lead selenide and undoped lead selenide films on FTO substrates. The X-ray diffraction pattern for the synthesized undoped and doped PbSe films shows a significant peak at the diffraction planes (220), (112), (310), (202), and (212) which confirm to the cubic structure with a preference orientation of the crystallites along the (202) plane. The Zr incorporation in the PbSe matrix opens up additional nucleation sites, inhibiting the formation of crystal grains and elevating the lattice strain, which may be the reason for the lower crystallinity in the PbSe/Zr films. With a thickness of 105.55nm, the undoped PbSe films were found to have resistivity and conductivity values of 6.20 x 10-5 (Ω.m) and 1.61 x 10-6 (S/m), respectively. When the Zr-dopant content was increased by 0.1 mol%, it was observed that the resistivity value climbed to 7.79 x 10-5 (Ω.m) and subsequently steadily decreased within the same range. The shrinkage of the PbSe/Zr films' grain size is responsible for the modest rise in resistivity. With a rise in Zr-dopant, the electrical conductivity falls from 1.61 x 10-6 (S/m) to 1.29 x 10-6 (S/m). An increase in the resistivity caused a drop in the conductivity. The bandgap for undoped PbSe is 1.10 eV. The bandgap was raised to 1.40–1.70 eV after adding Zr-dopant at a 0.1-04 mol% concentration.

In the present study the production of biodiesel was performed by using raw material like soybean oil by trans-esterification process. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the international specification free glycerol in biodiesel should not be more than 0.02 mass %. To achieve the biodiesel with the ASTM specification, biodiesel was separated using prepared PAN ultrafiltration membranes. The polyacronitrile ultra filtration membranes were prepared on supporting material of woven fabric by phase inversion technique of membrane casting. The prepared membranes were characterized in terms of its molecular weight cut off and flux of the membranes. Different molecular weights of the BSA solutions were used to determine the molecular weight cut off of the membranes. Then the obtained 6KDa and 15KDa Ultra filtration PAN membranes were used to separate the glycerol from (FAME) free acid methyl ester. It was observed that the both membranes were separated glycerol from the biodiesel below 0.02 mass % which meets the requirements of the ASTM specification of glycerol. The permeate side of the 6KDa membrane was estimated to be 0.017 mass % of glycerol, whereas, 15 KDa membrane was 0.02 mass % . The glycerol percentage in retained side membranes were increased with time.

In this research study, NiTe and NiTe/Mo were synthesized using an electrochemical deposition technique. The XRD spectrum displayed diffraction peaks at the (111), (200), (210), (211), (300), and (311) planes which corresponded to 13.22 o, 16.95 o, 18.85 o, 25.93 o, 30.84 o, and 32.98 o for NiTe and 13.41 o, 16.84 o, 18.85 o, 25.93 o, 30.84 o, 32.98 o for NiTe/Mo. The undoped film displays melted wax with oil splatter. The reaction between the transition metal and chalcogenide material is exposed by the nanoparticle. The film showed how the wax was transformed into stone-like nanoparticles at 40 oC. The U.V. area had the most absorbance and reflectance, yet transmittance grew as the wavelength grew. Adding molybdenum raised the precursor temperature, increasing the thickness from 132.02 to 150.21 nm and lowering the conductivity. Promising materials for solar devices are made possible by the synthesized materials' enhanced resistivity. A bandgap energy of 1.18 to 2.22 eV was discovered.

In this paper, molecular interactions in the binary mixtures composed of a xylene and selected 1-alkanol (1-butanol up to 1-octanol) were investigated by measurement of the density at T= 323.15 K. From the experimental data, excess molar volumes were calculated. Obtained data were interpreted based on the type and magnitude of the physico-chemical interactions in the binary liquid systems. In this sense, PC-SAFT was used to correlate the volumetric behavior of binary mixtures. The correlated values of the model were satisfactory and the obtained data are within the uncertainty region.