Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Nov 2020

Plant essential oils (EOs) were tested against S. littoralis larvae. Responses varied according to EOs species and all EOs were proved to be toxic to the larvae. However, the highest mortality was observed in the oils of orange, sesamum, and camphor. The slope values indicated that the insect population was relatively heterogeneous in their susceptibility toward tested EOs. Our results showed LC50 values, the range of toxicity was in the decreasing order of orange˃ sesamum˃ camphor˃ pepper˃ pumpkin against both S. littoralis 2nd and 4th instars. The influence of LC25 values of biological parameters manifested in decreased the adult emergence and prolongation of the larval and pupal period. The percentage of larvae that survived and succeeded to pupate decreased the result of treatment by LC25 values. Longevity, fecundity, fertility and natality were monitored in the surviving adults. The most significant effect of EOs was determined with respect to natality. Compared to the control, all the tested EOs caused a significant reduction in natality. While 1210.2 viable larvae were obtained in the control, the number of viable larvae obtained from those treated was lower, ranging from 35.8 % (for orange oil) up to 81.9 % (for pumpkin oil). Based on the presented results, EOs, orange, sesamum, and camphor. Generally, sublethal effects of EOs exhibit significant effects on the population dynamics of S. littolaris where, reduction of adult natality by more than 75 % in this pest.

In this report, imidazoanthraquinone-triarylamines fluorescent probe have examined for their coordination behaviour against tetrabutylammonium (TBA) salts of various anions in DMSO solvent. The anionic sensing ability of dyes was monitored by using colorimetric technique, UV−Vis absorption/emission spectroscopy. Among the various anions used, the probes were found selectively sensitive towards F−, CN− and OH− ions and show marked anion-induced colorimetric and optical response with red-shifted intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) absorption and emission band. The red shift in optical signal of all sensors established a deprotonation mechanism involving the −NH moiety of the imidazole ring. Besides, anion selectivity for probe-analyte interaction was found to be depended on the acidity/binding unit of sensor and basicity/hardness of anions (F− >CN− >OH−). Additionally, presence of electron donor or acceptor substituents on triarylamine also alters the chromogenic response or binding affinity of the sensors and found to be decreased with increase in ICT character. Further, low detection limit and high stability constant obtained from titration studies of ~10–6 M sensors than previously reported ~10–5 M imidazoanthraquinone sensors makes them strong selective and sensitive anionic-chemosensors.

Hypertension, a chronic medical condition of elevated blood pressure in the arteries which can be classified as prehypertension and hypertension. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), an enzyme that transfers gamma-glutamyl functional group is a diagnostic marker of liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, but recently its level was found to be elevated in prehypertension or hypertension. A total of 315 people were selected for clinic-based comparative Cross-sectional study. Data was generated using a clinical report, physical examination, review of medical and clinical reports, and interviews using a structured questionnaire. The blood sample was withdrawn after proper consent of the study population for measurement of laboratory-based parameters. Serum GGT was estimated using the method described by Persijn and Van der Slik Kinetic spectrophotometric method as recommended by International Federation for Clinical Chemistry. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS and Excel.Among 315 study population majority were male and adults. Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was relatively high (27.5% and 39.5% respectively). Among the hypertensive population, males (40.2%) and >60 years of age (71.6%) shared a larger percentage. Serum GGT level positively correlates with prehypertension and hypertension with p-value 0.12 and Prevalence of hypertension is increasing with male and older people becoming more prone to hypertension. Serum GGT levels positively correlated with prehypertension and hypertension even after adjustment for age and gender suggesting that GGT level can be used as indicator of prehypertension and hypertension.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of increasing sewage sludge as a fertilizer on the stimulation of biological processes and the rate of bioremediation of fatty substances in soils contaminated with this substance in the effluent of chemical companies. Industrial wastewater, especially the chemical industry, is one of the largest volumes of industrial wastewater producers. The chemical industry in general around the world produces more than 1.4 million barrels of contaminated sludge per day, which is a major environmental hazard. If the environment is not considered in the design and operation of industrials, in addition to environmental problems related to air and soil pollution, it will cause surface and groundwater pollution, the scope of which can affect the next few generations. Therefore, several solutions have been proposed for the treatment of contaminated wastes, which are mentioned in this study. Due to limited soil and groundwater resources, soil pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the world. For this purpose, methods such as direct engineering methods or natural cleaning, i.e. without human intervention in modifying this control, reduce or eliminate pollution from the environment by increasing biological activities of the environment. Also, by using methods that accelerate the decomposition of pollutants such as usage of nitrogen and phosphorus organic matter and plowing for better soil aeration increasing microbial activity is accelerated.

Activated carbon (AC) has been successfully prepared from agricultural waste lapsi seed stone. The phosphoric acid activation was done by varying the ratio of H3PO4 and lapsi seed powder (LSP) from (0.9:1) to (1.5:1) which was followed by carbonization at 400 ºC in a tubular furnace under nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hrs. Besides this, precursor was preheated to 200˚C for 2-6 hrs. Thus prepared material was characterized by BET N2 adsorption- desorption process and showed high >1500 m2/g surface area with high pore volume. The electrochemical characterization was carried out using three electrode system where carbon electrode was used as working electrode, platinum as counter electrode and Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode. CV has been found operating in acidic electrolyte solution of (1 M) H2SO4. The results revealed a very promising capacitance value of 202 F/g at current density of 1 A/g. Charge–discharge measurement showed a good indication of stable cyclic performance upto 1000 cycles at current density of 5A/g. Such electrochemical properties exhibit the high prospect for development of energy storage materials. As prepared activated carbon also showed excellent sensing ability towards vaporized solvent gases like methanol, acetone, benzene, hexane, pyridine, formaldehyde, toluene, water, acetic acid, ammonia.

In this study removal of haloacetonitriles from aqueous solution by employing a novel hybrid filtration process is investigated. The application potential of the oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) as adsorbent was investigated by evaluating the effect of different process parameters. Solution pH significantly affected the removal of DCAN (as a model of HANs) due to its strong effect on the charges of the adsorbent and the adsorbate. A maximum DOC removal of 98.7% for was achieved with 150 mg/L oxidized MWCNTs dosage and at a solution pH of 8. Finally, the nanofiltration technique using a PBS membrane was effectively employed to reject the wastewater pollutants (HANs) proprly.

Industrial Wastewaterdue to its chemical and physical contents can be the source of positive and negative effects on irrigated soil. In this study, the quality of the effluent of the Malaysian refinery was studied and its long-term effect on the soil of the green space around the plant was investigated. The results showed that the effects of the use of mentioned industrial effluent in terms of salinity, chloride, sulfate and sodium adsorption ratio are more than normal irrigation water. In terms of BOD, COD and fecal coliforms, effluent conditions are acceptable. In terms of fat, the effluent is higher than the standard. For these conditions, it is recommended to apply physical filtration from the wood chips bed in the transmission channel and physical filtration in the central control unit of the drip irrigation system. In summary, the results of this study show that the use of refinery effluent is not limited if filtration and mixing are used to qualitatively modify environmental and irrigation problems. In addition, studies of this reseach show that the time factor is effective in changing the quality of wastewater and therefore qualitative evaluation is recommended in different seasons.

 The growth and expansion of the population on the one hand and the supply of water to provide food to the growing population on the other hand in recent decades has caused serious differences among the users of water resources. Due to the limited resources, the need for sustainable use of these resources is evident. In systems consisting of several independent decision makers, game theory is a powerful tool for users to achieve a stable equilibrium point. The purpose of this study is to present a dynamic model in order to resolve the differences between the operators of the common greenhouse and achieve a stable balance. In this article, based on the way of cooperation and degree of interaction of water users, their behavior is modeled in the form of three scenarios as model of static games without cooperation, model of dynamic games without cooperation and finally, model with full cooperation. In order to compare the results obtained from application of the above scenarios, the exploitation of a common groundwater aquifer has been studied between urban and agricultural exploiters. The results show that the revenues from the model with full cooperation are more than the models without cooperation.