Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research
Volume:7 Issue: 2, May 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the widely known neuro-degenerative disease, responsible for cognitive decline and progressive memory loss, results from the brain shrinkage (called atrophy) and degradation of neurons of brain, globally almost 60-70% people are suffering from it and most prevalent amongst older peoples of above 40 years. The major or marker symptoms symptom of this disease is dementia, impairment of thinking, and changes in behavioral pattern. The disease progression commences with short memory loss to severe memory impairment. To cope with this, prior disease diagnosis helps in the prevention and treatment of diseases, as there is no complete treatment and cure available to this disease. Once the patients have been diagnosed with this disease, there are several pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatments can be given. Up to now, the technique available for the AD detection is CSF and PET scan which are painful and expensive. Several blood or plasma biomarkers can be used to detect the progression or prevalence of the diseases, based on non-invasive blood-based biomarker and it is cost-effective technique and with similar efficiency in comparison to classical one.In this investigation, we focus on potential biological markers for the investigation and AD detection. The blood biomarkers can be useful are Plasma GFAP has been found to be the most potential blood biomarker. There is no any standard procedure/test been accepted to be used for the AD diagnosis as a blood biomarker. The other biomarkers can be used along with Plasma GFAP are level of TGF-β1 in plasma and Activity NO synthase in Leukocytes, plasma gelsolin (GSN) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), plasma Cystatin C, and High-Density Lipoprotein.

Cyanoacrylates have gained widespread attention and found applications across various industries due to their exceptional bonding capabilities. This study delves into the fundamental aspects of cyanoacrylate chemistry and polymerization mechanisms to address the challenges associated with premature curing and enhance the understanding of the underlying processes. Cyanoacrylates, recognized for their exceptional adhesive properties, undergo rapid polymerization catalyzed by minute amounts of moisture. The essence of the problem lies in the need to optimize the polymerization process to prevent premature bonding and ensure controlled curing. The investigation involves a comprehensive analysis of cyanoacrylate's chemical makeup, and its adhesive potency. Notably, the study explores the inadvertent discovery of cyanoacrylates during World War II, underscoring their versatile applications and the need for a nuanced understanding of their reactivity. Findings reveal the intricacies of cyanoacrylate polymerization, shedding light on the factors influencing the process, including temperature, humidity, and substrate composition.

Clean water supply and infrastructure is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century as a result of persistent and emerging water pollutants. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration profiles of furan and phenol-based contaminants in the boreholes located in the Kerio Valley water basin. The notation KV indicates that the sample was collected in Kerio Valley borehole. The water samples from the boreholes were extracted using a solid phase extraction procedure and characterized by a gas chromatograph interfaced with a mass-selective detector. Based on the findings of this study, 3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran was significantly present in all the boreholes sampled with a concentration of 9.390±1.12, 0.23±0.02, 0.213±0.05, and 0.070±0.28 ppm in KV1, KV2, KV3, and KV4, respectively. The other major contaminants in the borehole water included 2-furanmethanol and 2-methyltetrahydro-2-furanol. The most toxic phenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, was found in KV4 with a concentration of 0.06±0.01 ppm. According to the findings of this study, the majority of the borehole water in the Kerio Valley basin is contaminated with furans and phenolic toxins and may not be safe for human consumption. To ensure that residents have access to clean water, it is necessary to develop a policy framework for the evaluation and monitoring of water quality in the area and to suggest remediation strategies.

This systematic review will evaluate the impact of administering dexmedetomidine during surgery on immediate and long-term pain outcomes after simple mastectomy. By synthesizing the available evidence, the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits of (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine in this specific surgical context and inform clinical practice.

An extensive exploration of electronic databases, specifically PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, was undertaken to pinpoint pertinent studies (during 2000-2023). The search methodology encompassed a fusion of medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and keywords pertinent to "dexmedetomidine," "mastectomy"," Simple Mastectomy" and "postoperative pain." The search was confined to studies available in the English language. Moreover, the reference lists of identified articles and conference proceedings underwent manual scrutiny to unearth any supplementary studies of relevance.

Regarding postoperative pain intensity, the majority of studies reported significantly lower pain scores in the (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine group compared to the control group at various time points during the immediate postoperative period(p˂0.05). (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine infusion was associated with reduced pain intensity(p˂0.05), both at rest and with movement(p˃0.05), indicating improved analgesia(p˂0.05).

Administering (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine during surgery for simple mastectomy may have a positive impact on immediate and long-term pain outcomes. (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine infusion is associated with reduced postoperative pain intensity, decreased opioid consumption, prolonged duration of analgesia, and improved patient satisfaction.Material: A narrative synthesis of the included studies will be conducted to summarize the characteristics, interventions, and outcomes of the studies. The findings will be presented in a tabular format. If deemed appropriate and feasible, a meta-analysis will be performed to calculate pooled effect sizes using appropriate statistical methods (Mantel-Haenszel or inverse variance methods) for the primary outcome measures.

This systematic review seeks to assess the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the outcomes of femoral head osteotomy and aims to evaluate platelet-rich plasma effect in femoral head osteotomy outcome.

A comprehensive exploration of electronic databases, encompassing PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library will be conducted (2000-2023). The search strategy will be tailored to unearth pertinent studies published up to the current date, with no restrictions on language. The search terms will encompass various combinations and variations of keywords related to "platelet-rich plasma", "femoral head osteotomy", "hip disorders", and "clinical outcomes".

This articles published in 2013-2021.The primary outcomes assessed in the included studies were pain scores (p˂0.05), functional assessments (p˂0.05), radiographic findings (p˂0.05), and patient-reported outcomes (p˂0.05). Secondary outcomes included range of motion (p˂0.05), complications (p˂0.05), and adverse events (p˂0.05). However, the reporting of outcomes varied across the studies, making direct comparisons challenging.

This systematic review reveals a potential positive impact of PRP on femoral head osteotomy outcomes. The use of PRP is linked with enhanced pain relief, functional improvements, positive radiographic findings, and favorable patient-reported outcomes. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity presence across the included studies, limited outcome reporting, and the potential for publication bias underscore the need for cautious interpretation of the results.

Superalloy IN738LC is categorized as one of the most frequently utilized nickel base superalloys in the production of hot section components due to its multiphase microstructure maximizing its strength under elevated temperatures. In this study, a hot dip diffusion coating of aluminum was employed on the nickel-base superalloy Inconel 738LC substrate to enhance the hot corrosion resistance required for high-temperature applications, such as turbine blades. The aluminizing salt bath included Al powder with a particular composition, NaCl, KCl, Na3AlF6, and NaF. A thickness of about 48 µm was attained by applying the coating for 30 minutes at 720 °C. Bare and aluminized coated specimens were subjected to hot corrosion assessment in molten salt, with a composition of Na2SO4-25wt% NaCl at 720 C being exposed for 60 and 140 hours. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted on the coating sample to ensure the successful deposition of the hot dip aluminized layer. The aluminized sample exhibited excellent corrosion resistance owing to the formation of an Al2O3 layer, which meant that after 140 hours of testing; very little coating deterioration was detected. In contrast, the naked sample suffered severe degradation and showed poor hot corrosion resistance. It was thought that the aluminized sample's superior hot corrosion resistance resulted from the uniform and dense growth of an Al2O3 protective scale without any cracks on the superalloy surface

Microalgae have garnered significant attention as a promising source for biodiesel production due to their rapid growth, high lipid content, and minimal resource requirements. This study delves into the forefront of microalgal biofuel research by investigating emerging co-cultivation strategies aimed at optimizing biomass production for biodiesel synthesis. Through a nuanced exploration of diverse microalgal strains, this work pioneers innovative co-cultivation techniques designed to enhance synergies between different species, thus maximizing overall productivity. Microalgae are excellent options for the production of biodiesel since they have high lipid content and grow quickly. Nonetheless, difficulties in maximizing lipid and biomass production have led the technological advancement microalgal productivity using photobioreactors, closed systems and monitoring and genetic Engineering The article delves into the impact of Co-cultivation on microalgal growth such as improved Biomass production, enhanced lipid content and quality and nutrient utilization and recycling.