نشریه اکولوژی سرزمین
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1402)

Most of the cities in the country have encroached upon the agricultural lands around them, which were once called Garden City. These lands have been converted into construction sites, removing them from the scope of profit. This research aims to analyze the causes and factors affecting the production and creation of Garden City in the peri-urban areas of Zanjan. This research is essentially a type of mixed qualitative-quantitative research with an exploratory approach and is practical in terms of purpose. The tools used were GIS, the Delphi method, and the one-sample T-test. The statistical population consisted of urban planning and agricultural experts (n=30) and residents of residential complexes in Islamabad, Bisim, and Ghaem (n=240). Findings were obtained from a total of 240 questionnaires distributed to residents of residential complexes using a one-sample T-test with a significance level of ≥0.05 and from 30 questionnaires distributed to urban planning and agricultural experts using the Delphi method with a significant level of (0.000). The hypothesis "the lack of attention to the production of Garden City theory within the canonical periphery of cities causes urban residents to encroach upon good agricultural lands and render them unusable" was confirmed. The findings from GIS also clearly showed the lack of attention to the production of Garden City in urban development plans and its consequences in changing the use of peri-urban agricultural land to Garden City. The results demonstrate the negative impact of urban development plans on minimizing urban separations and increasing building density, resulting in the neglect of open and semi-open spaces in contemporary modern architecture and its resultant Garden City. Therefore, it is suggested that attention be paid to the Garden City system in urban development plans.

Today's urban and modern life, despite the latest and most up-to-date technologies, has been able to make people's lives much easier than in the past and remove the hardships that people had to endure in the past, but this type of life has brought a new problem with it. which was not predictable before; Depression and lack of happiness. Unfortunately, due to the unprofessional construction of big cities, the loss of natural spaces and visual pollution, exhausting traffic, noise and air pollution, life in cities has become very exhausting and the unpleasant conditions of life in crowded cities cause various diseases such as depression, anxiety and disorders. It has become mental and physical. This research aims to investigate the components of a happy city in the areas of Gorgan city, in line with the movement towards creating happy neighborhoods. The governing process of this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, application and type of research method. The method of collecting data and information is library, document and survey. The scope of the research is 8 urban areas of Gorgan, which have been measured and analyzed with 7 criteria of a happy city. The research results show that in the AHP decision model, the human capital index with a score of (0.784) is the first priority, social trust with a coefficient of (0.372) is the second priority, and visual pollution with a coefficient of (0.330) is the first priority. Third, it has had the greatest impact on the movement of a district towards the happy city. Also, based on COPRAS multi-criteria decision making model, District 1 with a score of (1) ranks first in terms of the indicators of Shad City, District 2 ranks second with a coefficient of (0.975) and District 6 ranks first with a score of (0.946). The third is in terms of the indicators of the happy city.

The effect of rainbow trout fish farms effluent on the physical and chemical components of Qala Rudkhan river water was investigated. 6 study stations were selected along the river 2 stations from Foshe branch (as control stations) and 4 stations from Qala Rudkhan branch). The parameters were measured every 30 days for 9 months from October 2014 to June 2015. The evidence shows that there is no significant difference between the water physical parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen and flow rate) of the control station and other stations (p>0.05). At the same time, in terms of water chemical parameters (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and ammonium), a significant difference was found between station 1 of Qala Rudkhan (Effluent exit location) and the control station (p<0.05). Also, no significant difference was found between station 4 of Qala Rudkhan and the control station, except for the nitrate component. The results showed that, in the conditions of this research, during the sampling period, the river of Qala Rudkhan has a suitable self-purification capability in the downstream stations.

Acquiring knowledge about the types of land uses and the stages of their change provides basic and very important information to researchers and decision makers. One of the most common and useful methods in remote sensing is to access the maximum information contained in satellite data by combining radar and optical satellite images. In general, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence of SAR images in the classification of optical multi-temporal satellite images in machine learning-based classification algorithms, including random forest, Cart Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine. In the above paper, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset, along with slope layers, a digital elevation model and a corrected Sentinel-2 satellite image was supervised by the three methods mentioned. Once again, this was done with the presence of the Sentinel-1 satellite SAR image database. Finally, in the post-processing stage, the individual pixels were connected to neighboring classes. This was done by majority filtering. The final results were validated with ground data. The results showed that in the study of all classes, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient in the presence of SAR dataset and for all three classification methods improved by only 3%, but in the one-to-one study of the classes, the producer accuracy of the random forest method in the dual agriculture class improved. It has been significant and its value has increased from 0.74 to 0.84. In the support vector machine method, dry farming and orchard classes have had a more significant improvement, which have increased from 0.75 and 0.78 to 0.84 and 0.92, respectively. Finally, it can be said that the addition of radar images to the classification has a positive and significant effect only in the mentioned classes, and also the obvious advantage of the random forest method compared to other methods is quite obvious.

The Garden city movement emerged when human abuse of nature and the natural environment was increasingly included in the political of Western reformers who were eager for civilization and progress. Garden city could reduce these harmful effects of industrial capitalism and provide essential necessities for a healthy life, especially for urban workers. Howard believed that Garden city could improve the social, cultural and physical health of the urban working class by providing pre-designed spaces for living and closer relationships with nature. Howard was looking for planning solutions to the complex urban problems that result from the predicted and unstoppable growth of cities. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to take inspiration from Howard's garden theory to deal with contemporary urban issues. In terms of its nature, this research is of the type of mixed qualitative-quantitative and survey research with an exploratory approach, and in terms of its purpose, it is of an applied type. The statistical population was the experts of Urban planning and Agricultural in Zanjan city and urban planning professors of Tabriz University, who were selected based on the snowball method. The findings were indicative of the consequences of modern architecture in not paying attention to open spaces and removing the courtyard, which had been replaced by the balcony since the 1980s. These consequences have shown their results in changing the use of agricultural land in the form of Garden home(Garden city). The result of the research seeks to explain the challenges of not paying attention to the Garden city system in the urban planning system of Iran by using the insight of the formation of the Garden city movement. Paying attention to the standards of open and semi-open spaces and urban green spaces is one of the suggestions of this research.

Ensuring food security and agricultural livelihood requires a comprehensive and systematic approach with the aim of sustainable use and management of natural resources through the development and adaptation of agricultural technology. Sesame is one of the most important oil seeds. Due to its strategic importance, determining suitable areas by considering climatic and soil parameters is considered one of the best solutions in sustainable production. Therefore, the aim of this study is to zonate the agricultural ecological potential of 6 cities (Hirmand, Zabul, Zahedan, Zahk, Hamon and Nimroz) in the north and center of Sistan and Baluchestan province for sesame cultivation using climatic and soil parameters. In this study, for the zoning of sesame cultivation, a total of 16 spatial criteria (optimal temperature, temperature set, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, slope, elevation, organic matter, soil salinity, pH and amount of nutrients It contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc in the soil. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, Boolean logic to classify criteria into suitable and unsuitable classes, and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method to obtain a zoning map have been used to obtain the weights of the criteria. . The results showed that among the selected criteria for preparing the sesame cultivation map, average rainfall and minimum temperature have the highest and lowest weight, respectively. The results of the final suitability map for sesame cultivation in the studied area showed that the highest percentage of the area belongs to the very unsuitable class (0.616) and the lowest percentage belongs to the very suitable class (0.016). Also, the results of the area percentage of different classes separately for each city for sesame cultivation showed that among the studied cities, Zahedan city has more area in the very suitable class than other cities. The functional results of sesame in the studied areas were consistent with the results of the research.