مجله پژوهش های جامعه شناختی
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 60، تابستان 1402)

The first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. This paper is performed in order to merge done studies in femininity field and development. Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 55 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used. Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis), which was significant. Size of obtained effect were calculated averagely according to interpretation of Cohen's scale and results illustrated that women and femininity have effect on development. Also, by considering economic development as moderator variable, it is calculated averagely too.

The culture of demanding and enforcing worker's rights and the way of communication between the employer and the worker in the framework of the social construction of modern economic and production organizations in terms of the characteristic of modernity i.e., individuality and the principle of separation in the sense of mutual understanding of the members of the society have not been properly explained in Iran. "Conflict" as the essence of demandingness in all its forms is seen in conventional paradigms and discourses as dialectical of its polar and Hegelian type, which essentially turns conflict into contradiction. While the attention and understanding of the forms of dialectic considered by Simmel and Gurvitch can bring about fundamental changes in the view of the elements in demands, whether social movements or union demands, and we can witness a reproduction of relationships in all demands. Discovering, recognizing and investigating the role of environmental and historical contexts and elements in the direction of demand is one of the goals of this research. Field research with inductive strategy and abduction with grounded theory approach and informal observation tools were used in the form of full participation of the researcher as well as formal and informal interviews and situation analysis and discourse analysis were used in data analysis. This research showed that the new generation has adapted its way of demands according to the existing conditions and situations, and with pragmatic calculations, it is less likely to engage in union demands of collective and continuous action.

Tourism, as one of the most extensive service industries in the world, has a special place, therefore, many countries are in close and intense competition, seeking to increase their benefits and income from this industry, and Maragheh city due to its environmental and historical capabilities. Culture, tourism has a high ability in this field, therefore, due to the dependence of the economy of Maragheh on agriculture and the high potential of creating employment in the field of tourism, this industry can be used as an alternative to agriculture in times of drought and its role in dynamic development in this research. To test the proposed hypotheses, by using a statistical sample of 130 people from the statistical community, which consists of 1- all tourism experts and activists of the city, the main owners of tourism-related businesses and tourists who have visited various tourist places in the city and visited more than once. Maragheh who had traveled were selected through simple sampling and were questioned in the form of two different questionnaires and were analyzed using statistical methods (Sperman's r and chi-square test) and the results show the impact of tourism on infrastructure variables. tourism, income and job opportunities related to tourism, also the data obtained from tourism-related organizations confirmed the impact of tourism on the mentioned variables and indicates the increase of the mentioned variables during the last ten years.

The aim of this study was to investigate the warning system of Covid -19 virus using exercise capacity. The present research method was mixed. The statistical population of the present study included all sports experts from different groups, including professors of physical education, managers of sports clubs, sports managers, athletes, coaches and managers of sports sites. The data collection tools included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. Structural tests and structural equations were used to evaluate the data of the present study. The results of the present study showed that the factors affecting the improvement of the Covid -19 virus warning system by using sports capacities include 4 general factors including factors related to sports organizations, factors related to sports clubs, factors related to sports sites and Factors related to athletes and coaches. The results showed that the state of the alert system in sports in the sports organizations and sports clubs had an unfavorable situation from the perspective of research samples. The results also showed that the state of the sports alert system in the field of sports sites and athletes and coaches had a favorable situation. The results of the present study showed that among the identified factors, the factors related to sports organizations are the most important factor in improving the alert system for Covid -19 virus using sports capacities.

Perception of corruption means the perception and attitude of people in the society towards the state of corruption and its examples. The concept of corruption, like other social concepts, is historical and conditional and is defined and understood in different ways over time and among discourse contexts. Since discourse is the creator of reality, with the way people speak and write, it is possible to give meaning to social realities and to discover the perspective of people towards social phenomena, including corruption. This study was conducted with the aim of deeply understanding the perceived corruption in the understanding of the youth of Ardabil province using content analysis method. The sampling method is purposeful. The semi-structured interviews with 12 youths of Ardabil province continued until theoretical saturation. Also, the data analysis method with textual data entry into MAXQDA software in three stages: And text interpretation, 3- merging and re-integrating the text was done. The results of data analysis showed; The youth of Ardabil province define the theme of perceived corruption with three themes: 1- cognitive, 2- emotional, 3- behavioral. From the perspective of young people, positive judgments and judgments about the process and the fight against the spread of corruption lead to the development of trust and social justice, and a negative attitude towards it leads to a decline in social capital.

Political participation is a purposeful action to influence the decisions and actions of political elites in the administration of society, which is done by the people. Due to the fact that educators are one of the most influential groups in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, it is very important to know their attitudes, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites. The purpose of this research is to sociologically study the level of political participation of educators, investigate the performance of the ruling political elite and analyze the variables that have been effective on the level of political participation of educators in Ardabil province. The statistical population of the research is 16,300 people of Ardabil Province and its sample size was estimated to be 380 people according to Cochran's formula. In this research, simple and stratified random sampling methods were used. The theoretical framework of the research was adapted from the theories of Huntington, Nelson and Lipsett. Cronbach's alpha test was used for the reliability of the questionnaire and face validity was used for its validity. The current research was conducted using a survey method and its hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient test and to analyze the information and predict the dependent variable from the independent variables of linear regression and to measure the relationships of the variables in a causal model of the method. Statistics based on multivariate regression analysis or path analysis using spss software was used. The results of the research showed that the political participation of the studied educators is at a low level, so that 61.20 percent of the respondents have low political participation. between the variables of transparency of officials' performance (r=0.71) with (sig=0.000), accountability of officials (r=0.65) with (sig=0.000), preference of national interests over individual interests by officials  )r=0.64) with (sig=0.000), rulers' fight against corruption (r=0.58) with (sig=0.000), political trust of educators (r=0.53) with (sig =0.000), actions of rulers to improve social services (r = 0.56) with (sig = 0.000) and actions of political elites for political development (r = 0.59) with (sig = 0.000) There is a significant relationship between the political participation of educators and the adjusted coefficient of determination)   (can explain 37% of the variance of the political participation of educators.