نشریه مطالعات کتابداری و علم اطلاعات
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 41، پاییز 1401)

 The importance of information varies depending on the need for it and the situation in which one lives, and sometimes becomes of critical value. The concept of health and health literacy are concepts that relate to health and its domains and affect one's ability to act on health information and to better control personal, family, and community health, and thus not only an individual but also an individual characteristic. It is considered as a key determinant of community health. The outbreak of coronavirus and Covid 19 in late 2019 prompted the World Health Organization to declare an epidemic, and the need for accurate and accurate information to combat the virus and the disease became a serious need, with many at hand they searched for news and information about the disease and ways to prevent or treat it. In view of the above, the present study seeks to explore the ways and channels of information and news related to Covid disease among Kermanshah citizens.

 This study was descriptive, descriptive, and applied in terms of purpose. Survey method was used and data were collected using a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by a number of masters and PhDs. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.81). The population of this study should have included all citizens of Kermanshah if it were conducted under normal circumstances, but given that the present study was conducted in a situation of crisis and isolation epidemic, it was not possible to reach all citizens equally and equitably; Since the questionnaire could not be distributed, the questionnaire was distributed electronically through two groups and a telegram channel to 29812 citizens of Kermanshah and all were asked to answer the questionnaire. , Participate in research. The sample size required was 377 according to Morgan's chart and simple random sampling. The questionnaire was sent to the mentioned groups and channels on 27/12/1398 and by the 6/6/1399 377 people participated in the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) at both descriptive and inferential levels.

 Citizens of Kermanshah also relied on public messengers such as Telegram and WhatsApp as well as social networking sites such as Instagram and Twitter for information on Covid 19 related health. The average score of these two sources indicates that Kermanshah citizens are heavily using these two tools to inform Covid 19. However, the difference between the components of meaningful cyberspace and standard deviation score indicated a high diversity and distribution of responses. Findings from a doctors questioning to find out about Coronavirus and Covid 19 showed that public doctors were more frequently referred, both in face to face and indirectly by telephone or social media. But overall, the mean score indicated that referral rates to doctors were below average.

 For Kermanshah citizens, awareness of disease symptoms as well as prevention methods of Covid 19 were prioritized to health information, meaning that awareness of symptoms and ways of disease prevention was more than other motivations and goals. They were interested. This is especially true for those who have not yet had the disease, and perhaps if the patients had access to and participation in the research, follow-up goals such as information seeking through treatment would have been more prominent. The overwhelming use of media by respondents to obtain health information at the time of the outbreak of the Corona virus can be justified from two angles. The first type is the tool and its resources and features and the second is the type of data collection through electronic questionnaire form. As the questionnaire was distributed electronically and data were collected, many of the participants in the study were people who used cyberspace, messenger, and social networks at a relatively large level.  Citizens' high usage of audio-visual and audio media to inform health about Covid 19, along with a few referrals to doctors and using of official sources such as books and journals, can be risky because it reinforces the possibility that some information Non-specialist and undocumented to be used by citizens about this disease.

Communication between community components and academia has always been of interest. Identify this interaction; it is conceivable to evaluate the impact of academia researches on distinct components of society (like government, people, industry), and Triple Helix is one of the leading models in this regard. Due to the growing presence of users in social networks, as well as the possibility of monitoring their web metrics like the number of likes, visits, sharing, bookmarks, comments, hashtags,,etc., the present study attempted to distinguish the capacity of social networks to explore the interaction between society components and the academia based on the Triple Helix model. To Better understand these capacities, evidences for COVID19 researches on social media were provided.

This is desk research using an evidence-based approach.

According to Helix models, social networks have outstanding potential in discovering the abovementioned sectors of the society, especially understanding web-based communications. However, in such analyzes, it is crucial to consider dimensions of web metrics according to users' level, timing, thematic context, normalization, experts in a specific field, etc., to present accurate and realtime data to policymakers in science, technology, and innovation. Regarding the capabilities provided in this article, there are considerations in interpreting Weber's metrics that are presented in this work.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the situation of Iran’s public libraries in the face of closure of library services due to the outbreak of Covid-19 virus. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection and a quantitative research in terms of the nature of the data. The population of this study included all librarians of public libraries in Iran. Considering that the total number of public library librarians at the time of this research was 5245; According to Krejcie and Morgan (1970), 382 samples are sufficient, however, due to the diversity and differences in conditions such as the level of facilities and services of public libraries in the provinces, was tried to collected more data. For sampling, the quota method has been used separately by provinces, and finally 625 questionnaires (12% of the total population) have been returned. Ability to search for books through the integrated public library management system, not providing free internet to users during the closure of face-to-face services, more opportunities to study due to home quarantine, and considering the book as a carrier of the virus, respectively, the most important points Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of Library Services Closing. Also, after preparing the internal and external matrix, based on the internal factors evaluation matrix (2.21) and the external factors evaluation matrix score (2.379), it was determined that the strategic position of the country's public libraries are in the strategic area of "defensive strategy". And based on that, strategies were presented. It seems that the new conditions of public libraries can be a driving force for the movement of public libraries in the country from the "automatic" to the "digital" stage. As Tammaro (2020) showed, Covid-19 has forced libraries to transform and provide new services based on new relationships with their communities. The importance of this issue is such that the texts (including Jones, 2020) refer to the post-Covoid-19 era as a paradigm shift in the role of the world's public libraries.

Objective

The identify the health-based services of Iranian public libraries in the post-Corona era.

The present research method is qualitative and applied type. data collection tools is a questionnaire. The study population included specialists and librarians, as well as health professionals and nurses who were active members and readers, consisting of 15 library officials, 10 experts and experienced librarians, and 7 active members who were health book readers, physicians, and nurses. The analysis was performed based on the Delphi technique. The research method is qualitative and using Delphi technique. In this study, with the aim of identifying services based on public library health services in the post-corona period, the qualitative approach and Delphi technique were used in four periods.

Findings from Delphi technique showed that among 25 items related to identifying services based on health of Iranian public libraries in the post-Corona era, the cumulative frequency of fourteen items in terms of experts studied in Delphi panel was more than 70%.

Considering the 14 health-based library services, providing these services in the post-corona era can lead the Planners and health officials and the country's medical information system to promote health literacy. It will also help to deal with coronavirus and prevent the risk of its possible return to society.Comparing the results of this study with other studies shows that in recent years the need to provide health services has caused these services as a new paradigm to attract the attention of many health experts. If librarians have a sense of providing health information-based services in public libraries, They will have several organizational and individual benefits such as: prevention of high-risk diseases and increasing public awareness in order to be safe from diseases . In general, it can be said that considering the functions of public libraries and the quality of their role in providing health information services, it can have beneficial effects in the Corona era.

The purpose of establishing academic libraries is to achieve the goals of the university, which is to preserve, disseminate, and promote knowledge. These duties and responsibilities are also a significant issue when dealing with crises in society. Have a look at the researches shows that the study of how libraries deal with crises has been an interesting topic for researches. In these studies, confronting of all types of libraries has been examined and most of them have been done during and after the crisis to examine the actions, functions and nature of the services provided or changed by these institutions. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the way academic libraries in the world deal with Covid-19 and analyze their services and activities in this situation.

The present study was an applied study that was conducted by survey method and descriptive-analytical method. To do this, the World University Libraries website was reviewed based on the Times Higher Education University Rankings. Based on the Cochran's formula, 300 samples were randomly selected from this community. The instrument of this research was a researcher-made checklist.

The research findings showed that academic libraries in the world followed the six main strategies of "creation", "development", "change", "updating", and "reduction or cessation", respectively, and the most common strategies were "creation" and "development". For these main strategies, 34 sub-strategies and 123 actions were implemented by these libraries around the world. In other words, these libraries played an active role in responding to the crisis. Hence, the efforts of the world's academic libraries were significant. The most practical measures were related to the main strategies of "creation" (39 cases), "development" (18 cases), "commitment to social responsibility" (13 cases) and "change" (12 cases), respectively.

Academic libraries, instead of accepting strategies to stop or reduce their services and activities in the face of this crisis, have turned to creation strategy and changing services and activities. The contribution of commitment to social responsibility in these libraries was also significant.