Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Oct 2023

Pain and anxiety after surgery is an unpleasant experience that occurs following various stimuli and humans react to it. This process causes physiological disorders in all body systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of oral melatonin and gabapentin on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing upper extremity orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia.

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 90 patients with anesthesia class 1 and 2 underwent upper limb orthopedic surgery with general anesthesia. Patients were divided into 3 groups, gabapentin, melatonin, and placebo. VAS scale was used to measure patients' pain. Patients' hemodynamic symptoms were further investigated. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistical tests at a significance level of P<0.05.

90 patients underwent upper limb orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia. There was no significant difference between the three groups of gabapentin, melatonin, and placebo in the incidence of pain at different times (P<0.05). Trends in mean diastolic blood pressure was not significant (P=0.612). Trends  in the average heart rate from the time before entering the operating room to recovery and its exit was not significant (P<0.05).

The results of the present study showed that both gabapentin and melatonin drugs have no effect on postoperative pain in patients undergoing upper limb orthopedic surgery, and it may be better to use other drugs or in combination with other sedative drugs.

Due to the limited studies in the field of shivering after anesthesia in thyroidectomy surgeries, on the one hand, and different factors involved in the development of shivering in studies performed, on the other hand, and more sensitivity after thyroidectomy surgery to the hypothermia complications, the evaluation of the prevalence of postoperative shivering in children and determining the factors involved in its development was designed to use the results of the study to improve the anesthesia quality after thyroidectomy. This study was performed between 2019 and 2020 with the participation of 100 patients candidates for thyroidectomy in the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The prevalence of postoperative shivering in these patients was measured using an instrument for determining shivering after anesthesia and the results were reported. Prevalence of shivering in this study was 5% (6 patients). There was no significant difference between the two age groups and sex in terms of the prevalence of shivering. The prevalence of shivering was significantly lower in the intravenous anesthesia group (p<0.05). Also, in patients who received premedication anesthesia, the prevalence of shivering was significantly lower than patients who did not receive premedication (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that the overall prevalence of shivering after thyroidectomy is the same as other surgeries. In addition, the prevalence of shivering after thyroidectomy is related to the patient's body temperature, recovery room temperature, receiving premedication, and type of anesthesia.

This research investigates the relationship between A/T251 polymorphism of IL-8 gene (as a genetic marker) with cancer recurrence after lumpectomy and instead of PCR-RFLP method which most common and expensive method for detecting polymorphisms is the more economical technique of PCR Tetra Arms. After DNA extraction, a nano drop device was used to evaluate the quantity and quality of DNA and to know its concentration and degree of purity. 1 microliter of the extracted DNA was placed in the device and its optical absorption was read at different wavelengths. For the correct performance of the method and in order to determine the sequence and confirm the PCR product, several samples of dominant homozygotes, recessive homozygotes and heterozygotes were selected and purified by Cena clone kit. Heterozygous individuals were identified with bp169 and bp228 long fragments along with bp439 control band. If mutant homozygous individuals with A allele showed bp 228 fragment and wild homozygous individuals with T allele showed bp 169 fragment on 2% electrophoresis gel. Several cytokines, including IL-8, play an important role in causing laminogenic inflammation in tissue and as a result, causing and aggravating cancers. These studies have studied the role of IL-8 gene polymorphisms and its relationship with types of cancer in different populations. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the 251 A/T polymorphism of the IL-8 gene in the population of Iranian women with breast cancer and the results of this study showed.

The removal of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon fuels is important from an environmental point of view, because in the combustion process of fuels in engines, sulfur compounds in the fuel are converted into sulfur oxides (SoX), which will cause the problem of acid rain. In addition, (SoX) resulting from the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels in internal combustion engines, while causing corrosion in the internal parts of the engine, causes poisoning of the catalytic converters installed in the exhaust of cars, and finally causes the deactivation of these catalytic converters in a short period. An important plan of these catalytic converters is to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides into the environment. Likewise, sulfur oxides lead to the rapid deactivation of the filters installed in the exhaust to prevent the release of suspended particles into the atmosphere. Therefore, the presence of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon fractions, in addition to cause problems related to the release of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere, leads to the aggravation of the problem of the release of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and suspended particles into the environment.

In this work, the neutron-induced fissile isotopes of Uranium-235 using the Coupled-Channelled Optical Model code (OPTMAN) code up to 20 MeV. The high demand for nuclear reactor fuels has necessitated this research. As one of the major naturally occurring radionuclides with lots of fuel prospect, Uranium-235 occur in 0.71%. Two steps process away from Uranium-235 of neutron capture can produce fissile materials to be used as reactor fuel. Though, Uranium-235 is not with them self a fissile material, but they are breeder reactor fuels. Computations were done for both the Potential Expanded by Derivatives (PED) which account for the Rigid-Rotor Model (RRM) that treat nuclei as rigid vibrating sphere as well as account for nuclear volume conservation and Rotational Model Potentials (RMP) which account for the Soft-Rotator Model (SRM) that treat nuclei as soft rotating spherical deformed shapes. Each of the calculated data was compared with the retrieved data from the Evaluated Nuclear Dada File (ENDF) which was found to be in good agreement. The threshold energies in all cases were found to be ≤ 4 MeV for both PED (Potential Expanded by Derivatives) and RMP (Rotational Model Potentials). It is observed that results from RMP much better agreed with the retrieved data than the one obtained from PED.

In this study, the substance was theoretically examined using computational techniques to provide more analysis on the cytarabine inhibition on the aluminum surface. Through DFT and molecular dynamic simulations, the quantum chemical approach was used to study the parameters. Al (110) surface was chosen because of the atoms' close proximity and density on the surface. The local and global reactivity, as well as the Fukui function, were computed to determine the molecule's reactivity. The mechanism of cytarabine is assumed to display physiosorption with aluminum surface based on the predicted adsorption and binding energies (-52.476 and 52.476 Kcal/mol) and the negative value of the EHOMO which is -5.133eV. In conclusion, the molecule is described as an efficient aluminum inhibitor having just a mild inhibition on the studied aluminium surface.

In this study, the neutron-induced fissile isotopes of Thorium-232 using the Coupled-Channel Optical Model code (OPTMAN) code up to 20 MeV. The high demand for nuclear reactor fuels has necessitated this research. As one of the major naturally occurring radionuclides with lots of fuel prospect, Thorium-232 occur in 99.98%. Some steps process away from Thorium-232 on neutron capture can produce fissile materials to be used as reactor fuel. Computations were done for both the Potential Expanded by Derivatives (PED) which account for the Rigid-Rotor Model (RRM) that treat nuclei as rigid vibrating sphere as well as account for nuclear volume conservation and Rotational Model Potentials (RMP) which account for the Soft-Rotator Model (SRM) that treat nuclei as soft rotating spherical deformed shapes. Each of the calculated data was compared with the retrieved data from Evaluated Nuclear Dada File (ENDF) which was found to be in good agreement. The threshold energies in all cases were found to be ≤ 4 MeV for both PED (Potential Expanded by Derivatives) and RMP (Rotational Model Potentials). It is observed that results from RMP much better agreed with the retrieved data than one obtained from PED.

Evaluation of natural resources via chemical profiling is a prerequisite to mining and material sourcing, which are important activities in positioning an economy for the future. This study explores the untapped rocks located within the Bakin Dutse hills in Adamawa State, northeastern Nigeria. The minerals and elemental compositions of the rock samples were determined using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instruments respectively. Results of the mineral composition of the rock samples showed (in order of abundance) the presence of quartz, albite, annite, and microcline, as well as orthoclase, phlogopite, oligoclase, chrysotile, and cordierite which were sparsely found in the study area. The abundant presence of silicate and aluminum silicate minerals in the study area was also shown in the major elemental composition of the rock samples, which follow the order SiO2 (55.76 – 63.81%) > Al2O3 (11.06 - 13.15%) > Fe2O3 (8.41 – 11.2%) > K2O (6.12 – 7.75%) > CaO (2.29 – 6.37%) > Na2O (2.4%) > MgO (0.09 -2.2%) > SO3 (0.37 – 1.05%). The minor elements in the rocks include PbO, TiO2, BaO, CuO, ZnO, P2O5, ZrO2, Rb2O, MnO, and Cl. The mineral and elemental compositions of the soil in the study area show similarities that link the origin of the soil to the weathering of the rocks. The geo-chemical data provided in this study will make an important contribution to both the literature and the database for future mining prospects in the study area.