نشریه علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 44 (پاییز 1402)

The urban space is considered a suitable platform for urban activities and a place for social-cultural interactions, as well as a basis for the formation and development of social capital. The central core of cities is considered the most important physical-spatial platform of cultural values due to its ancient history, physical heritage, lands suitable for cultural function. The development of social capital strengthens values such as solidarity, solidarity, unity, cooperation and public participation. The purpose of this research is to study the indicators of social capital and their influence on the development, progress and improvement of the culture of the local community, with a case study of the central core of Shahrekord. At this stage, first, the required data is collected from the selected statistical population using a survey study method and through a questionnaire technique. They were subjected to detailed scientific analysis. The research results show that social capital indicators have a positive and significant effect on the development of local community culture, and among other social capital indicators, the meaning index (0.744), the social hope index (0.721), the cultural activity index (0.509), need index (0.49), social trust index (0.485) have the highest ranks.

Today, the issue of pollution caused by industrial settlements is a very important issue in environmental studies, which have a significant impact on the ecosystem of the region where industrial settlements are built. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of pollution caused by the factories of Rajah Babol industrial town on the air of Khashrudopi city. The data related to the air pollution of Rajah industrial town and Khashroodpi city were prepared through the database of Environmental Protection Organization of Mazandaran province, and then by calculating the correlation coefficient, the relationship between the amount of pollution of each of the air polluting gases caused by the industrial activities of Rajah industrial town and air pollution The city of Khashrudopi was evaluated. The results indicate that there is a significant and direct relationship between the changes in the pollutant parameters of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, fine dust with a size of 10 microns, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in Rajah and Khashrudopi industrial towns (P<0.001). According to the results of the present research, it is necessary to pay more attention of the relevant authorities and organizations to the comprehensive plan to reduce air pollution in the city of Babol and to control the development and increase of polluting industries in this city, and it is a serious warning in this regard.

Human settlements have suffered significant human and financial losses due to natural disasters. Most of the urban and non-urban parts of the country are located in areas with a high relative risk of earthquakes. In recent years, the vulnerability of the northern cities of Iran, especially Babol, to unexpected incidents and accidents has increased. The purpose of this research is to locate safe points in dealing with earthquakes and non-active defenses in line with the sustainable social development of Babol. This research is descriptive-analytical and field based. The method of data analysis in this research is by using AHP hierarchical evaluation model and ARCGIS software. Therefore, in order to choose suitable places for locating safe points, the necessary criteria for this location are prepared. After the preparation of these criteria, in the positioning stage, according to the opinion of experts involved in reconstruction management, scoring frameworks are determined based on these criteria. The results of the research showed that among the accessibility indicators, fields and terminals with an average of 3.91 have the greatest effect on locating safe points. According to the spatial distribution in Babol and their relationship with other access indicators, the most optimal places were determined: Haft Velayat Square, Basij Square, Kishori Square, Awqaf Square, 17 Shahrivar Square, Moziraj Square, and Shahid Bazaz Square. The safety status of the safe places of Babol city against risks is more favorable from the aspect of urban land use and more vulnerable from the aspect of city construction.

At areas Urban development, urban space cause Change User Land Agriculture To Residential Commercial And industrial By Is. this Trend Outcomes Bad On The life City Such as increased air pollution, decrease Coverage PLANT And increase At Environment Respectively. so Check changes Urban green space To intended purpose Management Appropriate At areas City necessary To Opinion Reaches. Sensing From far way Can At one Time short Information are you OK And At Case Changes User Land Prepared Makes. Also Can To evaluate Changes Past User Land And To intended purpose management Change That At the future To Occurrence Will Appendix, Case Use Indeed Be. At this research evaluation 4 Vegetation Index PLANT Mining land use within the city In 2002 and 2015 has been discussed. research Present data Satellite Landsat 7 ETM+ ETM At 2002 data Sensor OLI Satellite Landsat 8 Year 2015 164 transition and row number 37 In the range of 51 degrees and 34 minutes and 2 seconds east longitude and 32 degrees north latitude to 51 degrees 34 minutes and 31 seconds and 48 minutes and 36 seconds east longitude and 32 degrees north latitude and 44 minutes and 2 seconds was used. In this study, after geometric correction, atmospheric and radiometric data processing techniques to detect changes in vegetation and it was done. The best approach for each of the periods studied, based on the analysis of the relationship between the number of indicators, remote sensing, and data Barzsay vegetation was removed by GPS. NDVI Index performance results for 2002 and 2015 data confirmed. The results of the index NDVI, SAVI, ARVI And NDGI values of 80.60, 78.10, 76.50 and 76.23 In 2002 had the highest overall accuracy. The results of various indicators in 2015, the NDVI, SAVI, NDGI And A RVI values of 84.70, 80.81, 78.15 and 77.75 had the highest overall accuracy. NDVI indices due to lower MAE and MBE (1/02 = MBE and 8/11 = MAE) in 2002 (0/91 = MBE and 6/18 = MAE) in 2015 with the lowest error and deviation is a relative measure. Results showed that changes in canopy cover between 20-10 percent canopy cover classes with more levels in 2002 compared to 2015, respectively (from 26.42 in 2002 to 21.98 percent in 2015). In contrast, the area classes with high canopy cover of more than 40% during this period has increased from a total of 5.95 per cent in 2002 to 7.67 per cent reached in 2015. At This The research, Analytical methods Components Conventional (CCA) and Decomposition Components Home (PCA) each Date Separate For Monitoring Change Use The Respectively. Assessment Results To Hand Show The higher accuracy CCA2 And the 2015 PCA2 of the CCA1 And that the 2002 PCA1 is higher. The assessment Accuracy Techniques Detection monitoring changes in Isfahan City Limits show The That Difference Image With Accuracy Overall 78.2 and kappa 82.1 percent from the difference map Accuracy Overall 81.4 and kappa 86.4 percent From Is less accurate. Satellite images studied by the method of maximum likelihood supervised classification results cover 33 percent reduction in floor area Green Urban floor show.

This scientific study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between religiosity and the attitude of young people towards the social status of the elderly in Mashhad. The research is survey type and the technique used is questionnaire. The validity of the form and content of the tool has been approved by experts, and the reliability and generalizability of the results have been checked and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of young people aged 18 to 35 has been selected. The sample size was 270 people using Cochran's formula and stratified random sampling was carried out. The research findings show; The religiosity index and all its dimensions and the attitude towards the social status of the elderly and all its dimensions have a higher average than the average, and the hypothesis test shows a significant and positive relationship between religiosity and the attitude of young people towards the social status of the elderly. In other words, the more developed the religiosity of young people is, the more positive their attitude is towards the social status of the elderly.

Today, following a change in the way of looking at development and paying special attention to bottom-up planning at the international level, especially in rural areas, non-governmental organizations always seek to expand interactive relationships with other civil society structures, including indigenous and local organizations, as a stable factor. And the builder is paying attention. In this regard, this article has been prepared with the aim of investigating the role of organizations and institutions in the development of rural entrepreneurship in the villages of Kalat city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The research tool was a questionnaire in line with the research hypotheses, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The statistical population of the research included 48 villages with a population of more than 100 people in Kalat city, 20% of them (10 villages with a total of 2130 households) were selected as a sample and according to Cochran's formula, 326 questionnaires were distributed among them. The final results of the research show that the average of the variables related to the evaluation of the performance of related institutions and organizations in the development of rural entrepreneurship in the studied villages according to the one-sample sign test was equal to 4.05, which indicates that the performance of related institutions and organizations in the development Rural entrepreneurship has had a great impact.

Summarize the climate and climate factors that affect plant growth using weather parameters and visualize the growth and development of production in different climatic conditions.In climate change conditions, agricultural and horticultural factors have also been changed. with assessing the changes of these indicators, it will be possible to examine the reaction of crops and horticulture to future climate conditions. The purpose of this study is to calculate agricultural and horticultural factors under the future climatic conditions and compare this factor with current conditions and finally predict the probability of seasonal frost in the target area.

Method of implementation:

 In order to achieve these goals, studies (field, system, and descriptive library) were used to collect information and references from the Brochures Research Center, attendance at climatic stations and measurements of parameters, and Mapping and charts, And their adaptation for choosing the small-scale study unit. And finally analysis of the climatic data of the area are investigated and the following results are suggested.

The study area in the desert margin has a dry, semi-dry climate, wide plains of the fertile soil,Short cold and frosty periods,Low and sudden precipitation (216.88 mm) ,Average annual heat (18/6) ,Average relative humidity (46.8%) and Distribution is 5 months without rain .