نشریه پژوهش های علوم کشاورزی پایدار
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1402)

One of the major challenges of rapeseed harvest is the right harvest time, control of harvest losses and the impact of harvest time on the quality of this product. This research was conducted in order to determine the rate of untimely harvesting of rapeseed (Hyola 401) in Khuzestan province, by the Mianab Agro Industry in the crop year of 2013-2014 with a combine harvester. Operational and field methods were used to obtain the required data. The studied parameters were quantitative harvest losses at three different times (5 days apart) and three humidity levels of 33, 17, and 13%. Harvesting was done homogeneously from the surface of cultivated fields in three times and three repetitions. To compare the average loss in different harvest times and to determine the effect of changes in harvest time on loss, one-way analysis of variance and LSD test were used. The results showed that the highest losses in the threshing and anti-threshing output of the combine with the amount of 1587.9 kilograms were related to early harvesting in the humidity of 33% in the second half of April, and on the other hand, the natural losses with the lowest amount were 4.35 kilograms. Came. Also, in timely harvesting with 17% humidity, the highest natural loss was 485.25 kg and the lowest loss related to the threshing and anti-threshing output of the combine was 25.80 kg. But in the late harvest, the natural losses were much higher, so that the natural losses were 848.21 kg and the lowest losses in the late harvest were at the threshing and anti-threshing output of the combine at the rate of 37.32 kg. By calculating the coefficient of untimely operations at the time of harvesting, it was determined that the farmers of the region will suffer an amount of 7684763 Rials on each day of early harvesting and 3252911 Rials per hectare on each day of late harvesting.

To investigate the effect of chitosan, salicylic acid, aloe vera gel and mallow extract treatments on the qualitative factors of mandarin and to determine their best concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design at the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. Experimental treatments included chitosan (0.5, 1 and 1.5%), salicylic acid (1, 1.5 and 2 mM), aloe vera gel (15, 30 and 45%) and mallow extract (15, 30 and 45%) ) were immersed and then stored for 45 days (storage period with 4 levels 0, 15, 30 and 45 days). Fruits juice pH, titratable acid, total soluble solids, fruit weight loss, carotenoids and ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity were measured. The results showed that during storage, the pH, total soluble solids, weight loss and carotenoids content increased and the amount of titratable acid, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity decreased. The most effective treatment in maintaining pH, titratable acid, soluble solids, carotenoid content, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity was salicylic acid 2mM, which is recommended for use after harvesting.

To study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and Putricine (Put) on the growth characteristics, essential oil content and yield of cumin plant (Cuminum cyminum L.), a two-year study as factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in the Kohgiloueh and Boyer Ahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. The factors were AMF inoculation (non-inoculated and inoculated with Glomus mosseae (35 g of fungi inoculum containing 1450 spores), Put at three concentration (0, 1000 and 2000 mg:-1) and two irrigation regimes (irrigation after 20% (normal irrigation) and 60% (irrigation after draining 20% (normal irrigation) and 60% (severe stress) of the plant's available water). The results showed that drought stress had a significant effect on the vegetative traits, seed yield and essential oil content and yield of cumin, so that with the increase of drought stress the studied traits decreased drastically. The effect of arbuscular fungi and putricin on vegetative parameters, yield and essential oil content wasvery significant. Plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had higher growth, seed yield and essential oil content in both drought stress and non-stress conditions compared to non-inoculated plants. Therefore, it can be concluded that in water-deficient conditions, inoculation of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and foliar spraying of putricin improve the growth characteristics, seed yield and essential oil of cumin plant.

Fertilizers stimulate physiological and biochemical processes in plants by supplying essential nutrients, resulting in increased growth and improved yield. In order to compare organic, chemical and bio-fertilizers on corn growth and yield under drought stress in Bam and Fahraj regions, a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during the 2019-2020 growing season. Irrigation regimes were assigned as the main plot at three levels (control, moderate and severe drought stress) and fertilizer treatments were allocated to sub-plots at six levels (no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer, nitroxin, vermicompost and an integration of the three fertilizers). Traits that were significant in both regions were analyzed through compound analysis over locations. Analysis of variance showed that the single effects of fertilizer and drought stress in Bam and Fahraj regions were significant at 1% probability level and the interaction effect of irrigation and fertilizer on corn grain yield was significant at 5% probability level. Mean comparison indicated that the highest grain yields of 12.12341 and 6.10840 kg/ha in Bam and Fahraj, respectively, were achieved with integrated application of chemical fertilizer, biofertilizer and vermicompost under well-watered conditions. Combined analysis results demonstrated that the location effect on grain yield was significant at 1% level, with Bam at 4.9687 kg/ha surpassing Fahraj at 3.8576 kg/ha.

In order to investigate the mutual effect of root and scion on yield, yield components and some biochemical characteristics of four commercial varieties of tomato, a research was conducted in Fars province in 2016. In this regard, the combination of three rootstocks (Dashtestan, Doraheh, and Mond) and four grafts (Raad, Metin, Superchief, and Rockstone) were examined and after grafting, vegetative and reproductive traits and biochemical traits were measured. The results showed that different bases had a significant effect on the measured traits. According to the main effect of base, the highest percentage of success (up to 50%) was obtained using Dashestan base, while the lowest (40%) was observed in Mond base. On the other hand, there were significant interactions between root and scion in terms of parameters of days to flowering, plant height, average fruit weight, firmness, protein, lycopene, carotenoid, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Finally, it can be concluded that the best base and scion combinations were Raad and Superchif respectively on Dashtestan base, because in many parameters evaluated, these base and scion combinations were better than other combinations. Findings The results showed that different bases had a significant effect on the measured traits. According to the main effect of base, the highest percentage of success (up to 50%) was obtained using Dashestan base, while the lowest (40%) was observed in Mond base.

The emphasis of the World Health Organization on the gradual replacement of natural materials instead of chemicals has caused different countries of the world to invest, and, plan mass production of medicinal plants at the industrial levels and use them in the pharmaceutical, food and, health industries. Although the production of secondary metabolites depends on genetic factors, it is significantly influenced by environmental factors. The effects of different growth conditions (field and greenhouse) on the quantity and quality of essential oil of dill( Anethum graveolens L.) and parsley( Petroselinum sativum L.) were studied. Field cultivation was done on agricultural land in the Kerman Baqerabad region. In the greenhouse cultivation, germinated seeds were planted in pots with loamy soil( 2/3) and vermicompost (1/3) and, cocopeat and perlite. Rorison solution was used for feeding plants in pots. Plants were harvested after 3 months. Essential oils of 100 grams of dried herbs were isolated by water distillation using Clevenger apparatus. Essential oil analysis was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/ MS). According to the results obtained from the compounds identified in the essential oil of dill, the highest amounts of components were alpha-phellandrene (54.5%), phytol (18.65%) and apiol (49.2%) in the field, loamy-vermicompost and cocopeat-perlite media respectively. In parsley essential oil, myristicin was the highest in all three culture media.

The assessment of groundwater quality in agricultural industry management is of particular importance. The decline in groundwater levels in plains due to overexploitation and drought creates many environmental problems. One of the most important of these problems is the unsuitability of groundwater quality and its undesirable effects on consumption. The aim of this research is to evaluate the quality of groundwater in Sirjan plain for agricultural use. In this study, the groundwater of Sirjan plain was classified based on 9 parameters: sulfate, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sodium, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity. Then, a fuzzy method was used to homogenize each of the prepared layers. In order to prepare zoning maps, the method of average distance image was used for weighting the layers and preparing the final water quality map, the hierarchical process analysis method was used. The results showed that recent droughts, reduced rainfall, and extraction from groundwater sources have led to an increase in EC values from the standard value with an average of 575.6820 microsiemens and an increase in TDS values from the standard value with an average of 57.3891 milligrams per liter. Also, the water quality of approximately 55% of the study area is suitable for agriculture, and based on the total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity water quality diagrams, their concentration has made about 45% of the plain areas in the eastern and central parts unsuitable. In general, the results confirm the relationship between the examined elements in such a way that some of these elements have had a significant impact on groundwater quality