نشریه بیماری های قابل انتقال بین انسان و حیوان
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 7، بهار 1402)

Brucellosis is one of the five common infectious diseases between humans and animals, caused by contamination with Brucella. Since farmers, students, veterinary medicine staff, and slaughterhouse personnel are considered to be at risk of contamination with this bacterium, it is necessary to estimate the prevalence of the disease in these individuals. This study was conducted on 300 people with high occupational risk (farmers, veterinary staff, veterinary students, slaughterhouse personnel) in Shahrekord City, Iran. Blood serum samples were evaluated using Rose Bengal, Wright, Combs Wright, 2ME, and PCR tests. People's profile was recorded by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Sigma stat 4 statistical software by McNemart test. The results of the Rose Bengal test showed that out of 300 samples, 46 (15.3%) had a positive reaction, but in the Wright test, 24 (8%) showed a positive reaction with a titer of 1.80 or higher. Wright's test revealed that 12.5% of farmers, 10% of slaughterhouse workers, 5.7% of veterinary staff, and 2% of veterinary students had positive titers against Brucella. In the 2ME test, the rates of positive cases (1:40 and more) among farmers were 8.8%, slaughterhouse workers 7.5%, veterinary staff 5%, and veterinary students 2%. DNA extraction and PCR tests on serum samples showed that 7.5% of farmers, 6.3% of slaughterhouse workers, 5% of veterinary staff, and 2% of veterinary students had the Brucella bacterium genome in their blood serum. The statistical test results showed a significant agreement between the results of the 2ME and PCR tests (P<0.01). According to the results of the present study, the prevalence of brucellosis among farmers, slaughterhouse workers, and butchers was higher than among other groups at risk. There is a close agreement between the results of 2ME and PCR tests; therefore, the PCR can be used as a valid test to diagnose brucellosis.

Q fever in humans is an asymptomatic and self-limiting disease and rarely requirestreatment. However, Q fever is a chronic disease that requires antibiotics for long-term treatment because the infection can turn into endocarditis or granulomatous hepatitis. Since this disease is one of the zoonotic bacterial diseases and there is a possibility of its transmission from animal products to humans, incredibly raw and locally processed dairy products, this study was designed and conducted. This study obtained 20 samples of milk and 20 samples of local cheese prepared from cow's milk in Farsan City, Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari province. After DNA extraction, the genome of Coxilla burnetii was analyzed by PCR method. No genome for Coxiella burnetii was detected 20 raw milk DNA samples and from 20 cheese samples. Although the genome of this bacterium was not detected in the present study in Farsan City, this bacterium can bepresent or transmitted by moving infected and healthy animals.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most critical common parasitic diseases between humans and animals, which has always been of interest due to its high infection rate and the creation of malformed skin lesions. This research was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in the cities covered by the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during the years 2016-2022. In this Cross-sectional study, the background and epidemiological information of all patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis from the beginning of April 2016 to the end of March 2022 were followed up and tre. Their report was obtained from the electronic health record system. Sina SinaEHR® was extracted from the population covered by the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and analyzed by SPSS-26 and ArcMap software. The results showed that out of 7433 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the cities covered by the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 3767 (50.7%) were men and 3666 (49.3%) were women (P=0.11(. The average incidence of the disease was 24.8 per 100 thousand people. The highest incidence rate of the disease is related to Binalud City, with an average incidence of 208.6 per 100,000 people. The lowest associated rate is linked to Bakharz City, with an average incidence rate of 2.3 per  100,000 people. The highest frequency was in the age group of 10-19 years (19.8%), and the lowest frequency was 50-59 years (10.3%). 50% of the lesions were on the hands (P<0.001(. Most cases of the disease occurred in the fall. 64.9% of patients did not mention a history of traveling to the endemic areas of the disease. 72.2% of the people with the disease were urban type (P<0.001). Due to the high prevalence of urban-type leishmaniasis, justification of the health forces regarding active disease detection in high-risk areas, complete treatment of infected people, and education to patients and their relatives about covering the wound and collecting stray dogs are basic measures.

Brucellosis is considered one of the most important diseases of humans and animals. Due to abortion, reduced milk production, infertility of infected animals, and transfer to humans, this disease is always considered from two economic and health aspects. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and the incidence of Brucellosis in Kamijan city. This cross-sectional study examined demographic and epidemiological information of 379 people with Brucellosis who had referred to health centers and offices in Komijan between 1390 and 1398. Frequency distribution statistical models, independent t-test, univariate chi-square, and logistic regression were used for analysis using SPSS software version 25. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05. The disease incidence between 1390 and 1398 was 98 per 100,000 population. The mean age of patients was 38.20±18.97 years, and the highest frequency of reported cases was in the age group of 25-44 years with 38 percent. The infection rate was higher in men (67 percent) than in women (33 percent). Occupationally, the highest disease incidence was in ranchers and farmers, with 37.9 percent. A 70.2 percent of patients lived in rural areas, and only 29.8 percent lived in urban areas; this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). This study showed that the disease is more common among rancher-farmer men and has a specific seasonal pattern, so special attention to the high-risk group is essential. Due to the many economic and social problems caused by the disease, it is necessary to consider the infection as a health priority, and necessary education about the ways of disease transmission should be given to different population groups, especially the people at risk.

Brucellosis is one of the most common diseases among humans and animals and is endemic in Iran. Therefore, the rapid diagnosis of this disease plays a vital role in improving public health. Considering the characteristics such as being hard to grow, the risks associated with the cultivation, and the presence of cross-reactions with other bacteria in serological tests, in the present study, Real-time PCR is used as a method with high sensitivity and specificity to check contamination Cow and sheep carcasses were used for Brucella bacteria species. In this study, samples were collected from the lymph nodes of slaughtered animals, including 30 samples of sheep and goats and 14 samples of cows in the slaughterhouses of Qom city and using three pairs of primers related to IS711, BMEII0466 and BruAb2_0168 genes, which is specific to the Brucella genus and Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus, respectively. A Real-time PCR test was performed. Of the 44 tested samples, 11 samples (20.37%) were found to be infected with Brucella spp, three samples were contaminated with Brucella melitensis (5.5%), and 8 samples were infected with Brucella abortus (14.81%). According to the results, out of 3 positive samples related to Brucella melitensis, two samples were related to sheep, and one sample was related to cattle, and out of 8 positive samples associated with Brucella abortus, all of them were related to samples taken from cows. Therefore, according to the percentage of samples contaminated with Brucella bacteria and the health and economic losses of this disease, it is necessary to adopt more accurate and efficient control and monitoring programs to prevent and control the disease.

Leptospirosis is actually a general term used for human and animal diseases caused by several serovars of the spiral-shaped bacterium Leptospira interrogans. This disease can cause heavy economic losses by causing complications such as abortion, stillbirth, infertility, reduced milk production, mastitis, etc. In this research, all sampler were 92 contain: 79 blood samples from cows with a history of abortion and 13 bulk tank milk samples were collected every ten days from Zagros industrial dairy farm in Shahrekord and were analyzed for one year. In order to check the traces of Leptospira hardjo and Neospora caninium in blood serum and milk serum the studied samples, the ELISA method was used, after which 4 samples (5.06 percent) were infected with Leptospira hardjo in blood serum and 1 sample in milk serum. 27 samples Neospora caninum (29.34 percent) were infected   of all blood and milk serums. In the sediment samples of tank milk, PCR test was performed to search for Leptospira harjo, and 3 samples (23.07%) were positive. The results of this study showed that due to the relatively high contamination, Leptospira hardjo and Neospora caninum are important factors causing abortion in Zagros industrial dairy farm in Shahrekord, so due to heavy economic losses, necessary measures to control and eradicate these factors are very necessary.