International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development
Volume:13 Issue: 4, Autumn 2023

Throughout his tory, the relationship between architecture and philosophy has been intricately intertwined. In the 1990s, architectural theory witnessed a significant influx of theoretical and critical debates influenced by French philosophy. This scholarly article delves into the intricate connection between architecture and philosophy, specifically focusing on transforming architectural discourse from theoretical and critical debates by French philosophy to an antitheoretical s tandpoint. Emphasizing the emergence of (neo-)pragmatism within architectural theory, it closely examines the pivotal role played by translating philosophical concepts, particularly those derived from the works of Deleuze and Guattari, in this paradigm shift. Employing a research methodology centered around thematic analysis, the s tudy explores the multifaceted relationship between architecture and philosophy, shedding light on Deleuze's philosophical framework as evident in the publications of the es teemed Anyone Corporation. The theoretical framework serves as a lens through which the difference, transformation, and change within the translation of Deleuze's ideas into architectural theory are meticulously examined. The findings conclude that architects selectively incorporate certain significant tenets from Deleuze's philosophy, such as smooth spaces, the fold, and the diagram. Furthermore, while the interaction between philosophy and architecture fos ters fruitful exchanges, it also gives rise to criticisms for ins trumentalizing philosophy and utilizing buzzwords without fully grasping their intended contexts. Ultimately, this article underscores architecture and philosophy's reciprocal dependence and interconnectedness as dis tinct yet interdependent disciplines, emphasizing the significance of transdisciplinarity and disciplinary cons titution.

Decorative motifs have evolved significantly in the architecture of the Islamic era in terms of form, s tructure, aes thetic, and doctrinal principles and represent the beliefs of the people in that era. In this s tudy, an attempt has been made to provide a new possibility for a deeper analysis of common animal motifs in the Islamic periods of Safavid and Qajar with an intertextuality approach (with the help of logical reasoning and the Delphi method) to perceive decorative motifs. Therefore, the intertextuality relations between the motifs of the two his torical tombs of the Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili complex (Safavid period) and the holy shrine Imam Reza (AS) (Qajar period) were analyzed. According to the findings, the animal motifs identified with intertextual relations included peacock (11 cases), cow (2 cases), pheasant (16 cases), duck (1 case), and dragon (16 cases). In all the motifs of the buildings, the pretext type was of the exclusive type, and the hypertext type was of the transformation type. In addition, in peacock, pheasant, and dragon motifs, the larges t number of additional subs titution, subs titution, and subs titutional -ellipsis types were observed, respectively. It seems that in selected buildings of the Safavid and Qajar periods, the change in the colors of animal motifs is more evident than in other dimensions of intertextuality. This change has had an impact on the spiritual and mys tical content of the motifs, and somehow, in addition to the mys tical and spiritual content, attention to material aspects (increase in wealth and abundance of blessings) has been considered in the use of various colors.

The uneven capital dis tribution among settlements seems to have contributed to disparities in social classes, empowerment, and satisfaction. Empowerment refers to the expansion of assets and abilities; despite the key role of women in Iranian families, their empowerment has been neglected in s tudies. This s tudy uses an asset-based approach based on the settlement types to measure and compare the level of women's satisfaction. This descriptive-correlational s tudy used a ques tionnaire and observation to collect data from 376 women living in Tabriz's Zafaraniyeh and Rezvanshahr neighborhoods with formal and informal settlement patterns, respectively. The collected data were compared using a t-tes t between settlements regarding research variables, and the effect size was inves tigated using correlation and regression tes ts. The findings indicate that women in formal settlements have more capital, empowerment, and satisfaction than those in informal settlements. There is a significant difference between the women of both settlements regarding the research variables. The capital dimensions play a crucial role in predicting women's satisfaction directly and indirectly through empowerment. In formal settlement, physical capital (ß=1.370) and social capital (ß=0.120) have the highes t and lowes t effects, respectively. In contras t, in informal settlements, social capital (ß=0.560) and economic capital (ß=0.136) show the highes t and lowes t effects, respectively. In conclusion, this s tudy highlights that women with greater access to capital experience more empowerment, which leads to greater satisfaction. Therefore, benefiting more from the capital dimension result in higher levels of empowerment and satisfaction for women.

The complexity of the field of architecture, its ever-increasing application, and the rapid growth of technologies and software used in this field necessitate the need to investigate the effects of computer software on the quality of students' learning and a solution to improve the role of software in learning. Therefore, research has been carried out to investigate the role of computers in improving the quality of undergraduate architecture projects. This research is applied research, and its nature is descriptive-analytical and inferential research. The data for this research was obtained through questionnaires distributed among 86 undergraduate students in the 3rd course. The final reliability of the questionnaire was 0.889 using Cronbach's alpha test. The research findings were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's. The t-test showed that the role of computers in architecture students' learning rates differs from each other. Also, the ANOVA test results showed that students' learning amount based on the type of software has a significant difference equal to Sig=0.000. According to the results obtained from the findings of the research, it can be said that despite the effectiveness of computer systems in improving the learning of architecture students, the priority is on the individual and collective characteristics of students, and the use of computers should be appropriate to the nature of the course, students' ability and interest.

Mosques represent Islamic art and identity and have displayed themselves in each geographical region in a way compatible with the culture and identity of that society. The significance of this research lies in its meticulous examination of early mosques within two dis tinct cultural and societal contexts, Iran and China. By inves tigating these mosques' architectural, cultural, and spatial attributes, this s tudy sheds light on the divergent approaches of two communities facing the same religious, social, environmental, and cultural challenges during a comparable his torical period. Despite sharing the same religious foundation and featuring similar spatial arrangements within the mosques, the contras ting cultural affinities reveal the crucial need to comprehend and appreciate the dis tinctive qualities inherent to early mosques in these two dis tinct cultural spheres. This research endeavor is a pioneering exploration toward unraveling the complexities surrounding early mosques, thereby deepening our unders tanding of their his torical and cultural significance in disparate cultural contexts. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of library sources, articles, and software analysis using Depthmap X. As a result, and mosques have been compared based on the four main dimensions of architecture: spatial, conceptual, and philosophical s tructural features. Iranian mosques demons trate a fusion of Saudi Arabian Islamic architecture and Iranian design, emphasizing entrance connectivity. Chinese mosques, on the other hand, blend Islamic elements with ancient Chinese architectural art, prioritizing courtyard connectivity and integrating environmental elements, resulting in a dis tinctly Asian flavor.

Since the third places are very effective in relieving the anxiety and tension of the citizens and the studies conducted in the past, consider this component as a multifaceted component that different results are mentioned in the articles depending on the time and different places, in this article using A comprehensive questionnaire of artificial intelligence has been used. We are looking to find key variables in these main components of this research, which are the perception of persons, third place, and environmental perception. In this case, we can achieve maximum use of third places to improve urban spaces according to key variables. This research, which aims to improve the quality of urban hangouts to increase the quality of urban space on urban perception, originated from a basic question which is to identify and prioritize the factors effective in improving the quality of the third place in urban perception, in this research artificial intelligence information by setting up a questionnaire The detailed influencing variables of the third rank of environmental perception have been collected. The purpose of this research is to investigate and identify the role of the third place in environmental perception, and since the research method is qualitative, it has been analyzed using research onion and MAXQDA software. In the end, by showing a map of the relationships between the influential variables of this research, it is stated which includes: the sense of belonging, individual perception, experience and habit, and environmental perception.

A major party of generated energy is now used for heating and cooling buildings. Hence, it is beneficial to apply solutions that reduce the thermal load of buildings. However, solutions for energy consumption reduction always face barriers. Optimizing window proportions in energy consumption saving is highly influential in this case. The window is one of the main components that receives solar radiation energy but also serves as a thermal bridge transmitting energy from interior to exterior space. This study investigates the climate conditions of Kashan. It determines materials as constant variables to examine the impact of southern window-to-floor area ratios on the thermal performance of settlements in hot and dry climates to achieve higher efficiency of this element using simulation of different models through EnergyPlus software. This study then examines the cooling and heating load created in interior space considering variable elements of ratios, window elongation, and window-to-floor ratio, using single and double-glazed glass and its analysis considering meteorological data of this city using EnergyPLus software. Finally, the most optimum southern window-to-floor ratio was determined. This study aims to achieve efficiency and the highest impact of the southern side's window of a building on the thermal performance of the building by simulating various models through EnergyPlus software. This study has used the descriptive-analytical method, then analyzed the obtained results, and lastly outlined the priority of application among models as follows:1.38 ratio, 1 ratio, and 1.95 ratio. In contrast, the most optimum window ratio is a 15% window-to-floor ratio with 1.38 proportions and eastern and western elongation using double-glazed glass.

The color temperature of light is one of the important indicators in lighting that should be considered. Because people experience and feel their surroundings not only with brightness and darkness, light and shadow but also through colors, the feeling that the color of the light creates in the space affects human perception and health through the warmth and coldness of the light. The color receptivity and color temperature chart is a tool that determines how the human eye feels when faced with a spectrum of light. Since the purpose of this research is to analyze the light quality of the stained glass windows of traditional Iranian architecture, calculating the color temperature will be a suitable criterion for judgment, that is, if the color temperature of the light from the stained glass windows is calculated, the experience of people in facing the light can be calculated quantitatively. Comparative methods were used to analyze the quality of light based on the color temperature curve with calculation tristimulus values XYZ from spectral data and calculation xyz chromaticity values. Investigations showed that the light color temperature of 65% of the windows is 3000 to 4600 K, and 35% is. In these windows with this combination model and area percentage of four colors, red, green, blue, and yellow, the quality of light has not decreased based on the color temperature curve.