مجله علوم پزشکی صدرا
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پاییز 1402)

The role of recovery can be effective in reducing post-exercise fatigue. This study aimed to compare the effects of active recovery and sports massage on cortisol hormone activity and blood lactate levels in semi-professional male runners. In this semi-experimental study, 20 semi-professional runners were randomly selected and divided into two groups: the active recovery group and the massage recovery group. Initially, blood samples were taken from the participants after a 12-hour fasting period to examine the variables in the pre-test. Then, both groups participated in a 1500-meter race, after which the recovery methods were applied. After blood collection, the participants underwent a post-test. The obtained data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test with a significance level of less than 0.05. The results showed that cortisol levels after massage recovery did not significantly differ from the pre-test levels (P=0.67). However, lactate levels in the post-test following massage recovery were significantly higher than the pre-test levels (P=0.001). The cortisol levels in the active recovery group were significantly higher than the pre-test levels (P=0.04), and the cortisol levels in the post-test were significantly higher than the pre-test levels in the active recovery group (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in cortisol (P=0.48) and lactate (P=0.45) levels between the massage recovery and active recovery methods in semi-professional runners. The results indicated that at this level of exercise intensity, there was no significant difference in the changes of lactate and cortisol hormones between the two recovery methods (active and massage).

Rheumatoid arthritis is a multifactorial disease that has many psychological consequences. In this regard, the present study investigated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on sexual function, coping strategies, and distress tolerance of employees with rheumatoid arthritis. The present research has a quasi-experimental design, with pre-test-post-test and a control group. The statistical population of the research included the employees of Tehran province in 2019. Thirty patients were randomly divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The data collection tools included sexual function, coping strategies, and distress tolerance questionnaires. The intervention group received eight 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy, but the control group did not. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis by SPSS-24 software. Acceptance and commitment therapy significantly reduced emotional and avoidant coping styles. On the contrary, it has increased sexual function, problem-oriented coping style, and distress tolerance (tolerance, absorption, evaluation, adjustment) in employees with rheumatoid arthritis (P<0.001). Also, according to the calculated effect size, 76% of the total variances of the intervention and control groups are due to the effect of the independent variable. This research findings indicated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in increasing the rheumatoid arthritis patients’ mental health. Since patients with rheumatoid arthritis are psychologically vulnerable, it is necessary to take measures to improve their psychological health.

Sexual satisfaction is considered one of the most important factors in marital happiness, and it plays a significant role in the health, well-being, and overall quality of life for individuals in a society. Therefore, the research aims to develop and assess the effectiveness of a counseling package based on the sexual communication model on the level of satisfaction and sexual intimacy in Iranian couples.

The research was conducted using a mixed exploratory research design. Initially, qualitative methods were employed to identify the factors influencing couples' sexual exchange. Subsequently, a counseling package was developed based on these factors. For the purpose of quantitative validation, the relative content validity ratio and content validity index were utilized. In the next research phase, an applied and semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design was employed, including a one-month follow-up with a control group. Data analysis was carried out using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the SPSS software version 26.

The results showed that the relative content validity coefficient and content validity index were higher than the required size (CVR≥49 and CVI≥79) and a valid counseling package was prepared. The results of the next stage also showed that the sexual communication pattern counseling package significantly increased sexual satisfaction (P<0.01) and sexual intimacy (P<0.01); the experimental group had a significant increase in sexual satisfaction and intimacy compared to the control group.

The results indicated that the content validity ratio and content validity index exceeded the required thresholds (CVR≥0.49 and CVI≥0.80), establishing the validity of the counseling package. Subsequently, the results of the next phase demonstrated that the sexual communication pattern counseling package significantly contributed to sexual satisfaction (P<0.01) and sexual intimacy (P<0.01). The experimental group exhibited a substantial increase in sexual satisfaction and intimacy compared to the control group.

The counseling package based on the sexual communication pattern is valid and can lead to an increase in the sexual satisfaction and intimacy of Iranian couples.

The prevalence of high-risk behaviors in young people is one of the concerns of societies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment therapy in reducing high-risk and harmful behaviors among high school students in Mobarakeh City. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included high school students with high-risk behaviors in Mobarakeh city, referred to the education counseling center of this city. Participants included 30 students randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups of 15 students. The Iranian Adolescents’ Risk-taking Scale was administered as a pretest and posttest (2 weeks after the end of the experiment). The experimental group received a 6-session intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy, with each session lasting 90 to 100 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and the results indicated a 56% reduction in risky behaviors (excluding alcohol consumption) among the participating students in the study (P<0.01). Furthermore, the acceptance and commitment therapy intervention led to a 56% reduction in risky behaviors among the students in the experimental group (P<0.01). Acceptance and commitment therapy can enhance students' ability to cope with high-risk behaviors.

Dysfunction of the dopaminergic system is associated with various symptoms, including a preference for immediate rewards and risk-taking, deficits in time management and behavioral inhibition, attention deficits, and reduced value of delayed reward. The present study aimed to predict attention deficit, risk-taking, and decrease in reward delay value based on motivational deficits and deficits in time perception in children with symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). According to the research objective, the current study employed a fundamental approach, while the data collection method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population comprised all children between the ages of 7 and 12 with symptoms of ADHD in Urmia City in 2022. 200 individuals were selected from the population using a non-random and convenience sampling method from psychological clinics and relevant centers. Once the consent of the children and their parents was obtained, they were included as the final sample. For data collection, the delayed discounting task, the balloon analog risk task, the how I feel scale, the time reproduction test, and the continuous performance of attention measurement were utilized. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and multiple regression using SPSS version 23. The results of the present study demonstrated that motivational deficits and deficits in time perception at the level of P=0.001 predict attention deficit, risk-taking, and delay impairment in children with ADHD symptoms. The results indicate that deficits in attention, risk-taking behavior, and reduction in delay value among children with ADHD are attributed to deficits in motivation and time perception.

Adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit heightened sensitivity to environmental hazards, and face difficulties in emotion regulation and academic self-regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy on emotion regulation and academic self-regulation in adolescent girls with clinical symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder following a traumatic event. The research method in this study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures, including a control group. A total of 20 female students from the high school in Zahedan in the year 2021 were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (10 participants) and the control group (10 participants). Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy was administered to the experimental group over 11 ninety-minute sessions. The data collection tools included the Pekran et al. (2002) Academic Emotion Questionnaire, the Kiano et al. (1987) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Questionnaire, and the Zimmerman and Martinez-Pons (1986) Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Data analysis involved the use of both univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The findings indicated a significant difference between the mean scores of academic emotions and academic self-regulation in the experimental and control groups at the post-test phase, with a 95% confidence level (P<0.05). The effect size of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy on positive academic emotions was 0.76, on negative academic emotions was 0.65, and on academic self-regulation was 0.78. To address the psychological problems of adolescents with clinical symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy can be utilized.

Employee burnout is one of the most important issues in today’s organizations because worn-out or depleted employees cannot effectively achieve organizational goals. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and job burnout with a mediating role of emotional intelligence in nurses of private hospitals in Shiraz. The present study used a cross-sectional analytical method on 256 nurses from private hospitals in Shiraz; according to the statistics of the Vice-Chancellor of Shiraz University, the total number of working nurses was around 750. To collect data, Maslach’s job burnout, Spreitzer’s psychological empowerment, and Bar-On’s emotional intelligence questionnaires were used, and the structural equation method was used to analyze the data. The absolute value of the path coefficient explaining the relationship between psychological empowerment and job burnout was greater than 0.3 (0.545), and the t-statistic was higher than 1.96. Therefore, a negative relationship exists between psychological empowerment and job burnout, so with increased psychological empowerment, job burnout decreases. Also, Emotional intelligence increases the effect of psychological empowerment on job burnout. Thus, job burnout decreases with increased psychological empowerment and emotional intelligence. According to the results of this study, there are mutual effects between psychological empowerment, emotional intelligence, and job burnout, so it is expected that managers can promote psychological empowerment and reduce job burnout by strengthening emotional intelligence and improving the efficiency of nurses.

The present study aimed to determine the correlation between organizational culture and the organizational commitment of surgical team members.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 surgical team members at hospitals affiliated with Iran Univesity of Medical Sciences in 2019. Cluster sampling and then classification with proportional allocation was performed to select samples. Three questionnaires of demographic information, Robbin's organizational culture, and Allen and Meyer's organizational commitment were used to collect data. Independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

The participants’ mean age in the study was 34.37±8.21 years, and they were mostly women (62.5%). The present study showed a significant and direct correlation between the operating room's organizational culture and the surgical team's organizational commitment (P<0.001, r=0.483). A significant relationship was found between organizational culture and gender (P=0.033), and the organizational culture mean score was higher in men than women. Also, there was a significant correlation between organizational commitment and work experience (P=0.048), as people with less work experience had higher organizational commitment.

Considering the positive correlation between operating room organizational culture and surgical commitment of the surgical team, researchers believe creating an appropriate organizational culture in the operating room can help create organizational commitment in surgical team members.

The multitude of responsibilities faced by faculty members, both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, may potentially lead to musculoskeletal pain. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and compare musculoskeletal pain among faculty members of medical universities before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 professors from April 2021 to April 2022. Data were collected using a numerical scale and a checklist of musculoskeletal pain before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study results showed that before the COVID-19 pandemic, 7.84% of the professors experienced musculoskeletal pain in at least one part of their bodies, and before the pandemic, 6.59% and 5.6% of individuals had experienced pain in two or three regions of the musculoskeletal areas, respectively. However, a noteworthy point was that after the pandemic, individuals had more pain in four regions. The findings indicated a significant increase in the intensity of lower back pain, hip pain, and pain in the neck, shoulder, and nose and its blade, as well as the frequency of wrist, knee, and jaw pain after the pandemic (P<0.001). The study results indicate an increase in the intensity and frequency of musculoskeletal pain when comparing before and after the COVID-19 pandemic among professors in medical universities nationwide.

Considering the significant role of higher education, particularly medical sciences education, in the health and development of society, the educational system should be planned in a way that maximally caters to the community's needs. The goal of this article is to present a responsive and justice-centered education model in medical sciences education. In the quantitative phase, data from 335 faculty members of Payambar-e Azam Hospital in Hormozgan were collected using stratified random sampling and a questionnaire that identified components within a Likert scale. The content validity and structural validity of the questionnaire were confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient exceeded 0.70, indicating reliability. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS-3 software. Equity-centered, universality, needs assessment, content, and principled are characteristics of equity-based education. According to the T-value modeling results, the factor loads of all model variables were above 0.96 and, at a 95% confidence level, were statistically significant. The highest factor load was related to enabling and inhibitory factors, with a factor load of 0.54 and variance of 0.23. In contrast, the lowest factor load was related to the dimensions of responsiveness and equity-based education with a factor load of 0.12 and a variance of 0.02. Universality, needs assessment, and content should be considered in equity-based and principled education in the planning of educational programs at medical universities.

Considering the importance of wisdom in medical centers, this study aims to explain the main roles (managers, doctors, nurses, and patients) in hospitals based on the basics of wisdom. This research reviewed articles in Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, Scopus, and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2021. Searched Persian keywords included wisdom, foundation wisdom, management, hospital, nurse, patient, and their English equivalent in MeSH. The findings showed that wisdom refers to human and social dimensions such as creativity, emotions, and spirituality. In service organizations such as hospitals, these dimensions have double importance because the output of the health service delivery system prioritizes the preservation of human life, but it does not consider illness a catastrophe that requires adaptation and care but an event in a person's life that a person and the service delivery system will face wisely, resulting in improvement and excellence in spirit of patient and staff. In these organizations, the managers’ management style and how health workers deal with patients play a fundamental role in improving patients' health. Also, the feeling of security and peace induced by the organization management style can make employees satisfied with their work and help them do it with enthusiasm.  It seems that organizations with wise management and ways to transfer and facilitate wisdom can help solve the basic problems of organizations in this field.