نشریه آرایه های ادبی قرآن
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1402)

Letters are one of the main elements of the Qur'anic verses, and without understanding their meaning, the main meaning of the verses cannot be understood. Answer letters are letters that are used for various aesthetic purposes in the Qur'an. Among these, there are two letters "نعم" and "بلی" (yes) that have a special place, because "نعم" is used when the addressee confirms the previous sentence, whether that sentence is negative or positive. But "بلی" always comes after negation and its task is to negate and then prove the previous sentence. The present research tries to examine these words in the verses of the Qur'an with a descriptive-analytical method and with an aesthetic approach. What was found after the investigation was that the number of verses in which there was "نعم" was less than "بلی" and the reason for that was the position of negation and proof of the word "بلی" with regard to the main subject of these verses which is the resurrection. Also, "بلی" is divided into two categories: "direct answer" and "conclusion"; the first one is used in a specified conversation, which is mostly in the negation of the non-question previous phrase, the aesthetic purpose of which is repeating and confession, but the second one is related to the statement of the end of the matter, the main purpose of which is caution and guidance and emphasis on the attributes of God. Also, the verses that were used with "نعم" before them are devoid of negation and denial and have two purposes of rebuke and greed. It was also found that the displacement of each of them causes the loss of meaning and the loss of the main purpose of the text.

The present article examines the role of the knowledge of “Sarf” (Arabic morphology) in the interpretation of the verses of the Holy Quran, in such a way that after explaining the background and benefits of this knowledge, it reveals the necessity of learning it in the interpretation of the Holy Quran and examines some aspects of the influence of this knowledge in discovering the meanings of some verses so that the audience is encouraged to learn it and learn how to use it. In this article, we have tried to provide attractive examples from the Holy Quran in each issue so that the reader can find the effect of Sarf in exegesis in a practical way. Some of the issues studied in this article are: the infinitive and its functions, morphological ambiguity, similarity of structure of some derivatives the meanings of Thalathi Mazidon Fih verbs (three-letter verbs having additional letters), along with the expression of some influential points in the interpretation of the verses of the Holy Quran.

The understanding of any text is based on the correct lexical analysis of that text. This fact reaches its peak in the study of religious texts and the interpretation of the sacred text, because the expansion and narrowing of the meaning of the words of the religious text and the detailed meaning of the words have a direct effect on the rulings that are extracted from it. Balaghi is a well-known and well-founded scholar who has new and leading opinions in the field of Arabic language and literature. By delving into his rhetorical works, it becomes clear that he is one of the scholars that emphasize on the emergent meaning. He attaches great importance to the process of emergence and detailed analysis of vocabulary which is the basis of this process. The present article tries to analyze Balaghi’s rhetorical critical discourse about dictionaries with the library based and analytical-descriptive method. Among the results obtained, we can mention the following: He does not consider dictionaries to be reliable and does not allow trusting the authors of dictionaries due to their distance from the era of authentic Arabs, the mixing of Arabs and non-Arabs, the involvement of personal Ijtihads, the existence of errors, lack of attention to obtaining detailed meanings and not distinguishing real from figurative meanings, and has adopted a special methodology in discovering meanings.

Semantics is one of the branches of linguistics that studies the meaning by examining things such as the phonetic aspect of the word, morphological structure, syntactic function of each word in the sentence and the singular or dictionary meanings of the word. One of the ways to understand Quranic teachings is to know the exact meaning of its words. "Makhdhoud" is one of the words that appears in the Holy Qur'an only once in the Surah Al-Waqe’ah and next to the word "Sedr". The exegetists have given several meanings for this word, including: removing thorns, without thorns, soft and lowered head, fruitful and harmless. Many lexicographers have also mentioned the same meanings for the root of Makhdhoud and of course added other meanings to it. Now this issue is raised, what does the word "Makhdhoud" mean in the Qur'an? Therefore, with the aim of answering this question, the present article has analyzed the word "Makhdhoud" at the level of phonetics, morphology, syntax and dictionaries in a descriptive-analytical way. It has also examined the views of exegetists about this word. The results of this research show that the word "Makhdhoud" is a verbal common word that has a figurative relationship and similarity connection between its different meanings.

The government regulates the relations between nations and foreign policies, but it is not possible without communication with the people. Political training means that the members of the society are raised in such a way that firstly they strive to achieve and establish a government based on Islam, and secondly, after the achievement of such a government, they are the best political members of that society to achieve the ideals and legitimate goals of the government and are able to analyze the domestic and foreign political issues and deny tyrannical rule. This research has been done with a descriptive analytical method to investigate the Quranic words related to political training with an emphasis on foreign relations in verses 1 to 9 of Surah al-Momtahenah, considering the most important Shi’a and Sunni exegeses and the teachings of political jurisprudence. The results and findings of the research show that the verses of the Qur'an as well as the Prophet's manner in treaties, letters, etc., in the context of establishing relations with other and non-Muslim societies, indicate that Islam is a religion of communication, but it has set limits for these communications. The principles derived from the opening verses of Surah al-Momtahenah in the field of foreign relations are: the principle of model selection in relationships, avoiding friendship and trusting the enemies of God, not trusting the enemy with intelligent and careful planning, not preferring personal interests over the interests of the Islamic society, the companionship of spirituality and politics in foreign relations and the principle of attraction in foreign relations. The methods of implementing these principles are often cognitive methods, providing insight and strengthening rationalism, which are used along with behavioral methods such as learning lessons, tolerance and model selection.

"Kama" (Such as) is a compound word and has been discussed by the literati in the meanings of simile, causation, transcendence and description. However, this research has analyzed the verses with "Kama" with a descriptive approach and based on the literary exegeses of the Qur'an, because the placement of “Kama” in the verses shows that it is often between two independent statements and the sentences after it are indicative sentences that convey the realization of something in the past or its continuation from the past to the present. This structure has an important role of communication between the expressions of the word, which in understanding is not limited to the next, but completes the semantic connection with the previous. The special function of the meaning of this word, taking into account the subjectivity of the incident after “Kama”, shows that sometimes it has a warning approach. Sometimes it is to compare the statements to find similarities and differences. Sometimes by referring to the past, for protesting, explaining, inferring and choosing, it shows the balance the audience, which is in the direction of learning lessons, knowing the historical course, repeating the experience of the past, remembering the enunciations and warnings, continuing the intellectual background, distinguishing the future choices, similarities of belief, behavioral balance, etc. effective.