نشریه طراحی و برنامه ریزی در معماری و شهرسازی
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1402)

Generally, the description of architects and non-architects of a building is different. The differences are important because they can often lead to a severe mismatch between the preferences of architects and non-architects. In order to establish the best possible communication between architecture and humans, looking at architecture from a psychological perspective - especially personality psychology - has become increasingly important. In order to achieve this goal, and considering that part of the architect's work is understanding the preferences and perceptions of the customer, understanding the perspective and better understanding the demands of humans is necessary. This article attempts to establish a meaningful relationship between personality type and architectural preferences using a combination of two tests. To identify the personality type, the DISC behavioral model was used for the test subjects; then, using a selective preference test, 12 images of residential facades were selected and the images were black and white to eliminate the color factor on the individual's preferences. The images were divided into two groups of villas and apartments, and 78 test subjects were asked to prioritize the images. The test subjects were divided into two groups of architects and non-architects. SPSS software was used to analyze and interpret the results of the tests and the impact of the individual's personality type on their choices. The research results show that all female architects chose the minimal and modern style as their first priority. The traditional and modern-traditional styles were among the preferred styles among male architects with personality type C, and the classic style as the first choice in personality type S with a frequency of 100% and 66.7%, indicating a significant relationship between personality type and individual preferences. The modern and minimal style had a higher frequency percentage as the first priority in all personality types, both in the architects' group and in ordinary individuals. The classic style had the highest frequency as the last priority, and simplicity, beauty, and modernity were the most used descriptions in the choices.

Today, with the acceleration of scientific advances in all fields, especially new construction and software technologies, attention to the use of renewable energy to reduce environmental pollution has been placed at the forefront of research programs. The use of a huge source of sunlight in the building, although it has been common for a long time, has become a necessity for survival today. Electronic science and knowledge of natural structures have also provided many possibilities to architects. Adapting the building to natural conditions without creating unwanted effects. Natural light is one of the important factors in designing quality educational spaces. Due to its canopy-like performance and its effect on the building's thermal behavior, the adaptive shell technology significantly improves the quality of the building's indoor environment in terms of building temperature control, daylighting, and natural ventilation. In this paper, the effect of adaptive skins on daylight control is discussed in a simulated model of a typical classroom in a hot, dry climate. The design process begins with the simulation of a classroom example using Rhino/Grass Hopper computational design software and using the Climate Studio plugin. This plugin is a parametric building energy simulation software, which in this article, according to the time and weather conditions of Yazd city in the hot and dry climate of central Iran, by using the simulation of daylight, glare and energy indicators in The current conditions of the sample model are examined and then assuming the installation of the dynamic shell, simulations and indicators are analyzed again. The Climate Studio plugin provides results according to the main criteria with great ease and speed of analysis. The findings of the research show that due to the intensity of radiation and high heat in the seasons, it is necessary to use a canopy to prevent glare in the classroom on most days of the year. Also, the effect of dynamic shells in controlling the intensity of radiation and glare and setting the conditions in an acceptable range of brightness and temperature is clearly evident. The results show that with the use of adaptive skins, daylight and environmental conditions are always within the range of visual comfort and optimal energy consumption at any time of operation. This is due to the adaptation of shell openings to climatic conditions, which is explained in detail in the text of the research. One of the most important results for the instantaneous light index is the excess radiation intensity, especially in December. Due to the southern direction of the sample class, annoying glare is seen and due to the radius of the rays reflected from the environment, its effect is greater near the window.. The advantages of folding shells and the use of new technologies in the facade of buildings, in addition to beauty, are the human desire to preserve the environment and maximize the use of renewable energy.

Architecture in the Second Pahlavi period is characterized by the triangle of the western culture and civilization influence, Iranian historical heritage with starring role of pre- and post- Islamic architecture and the emergence of architecture from the heart of this period. In this period, known as the millennium of the modern architecture in Iran, architects such as Louis Kahn and Hassan Fathy set forth the historical value and experiences in the architecture of the past and as such adopting a nostalgic view toward traditional architecture, they addressed its revitalization in terms of design and implementation. In most of the contemporary buildings of Tehran not all of them, a form imitation of Iranian traditional architecture or the contemporary western one has taken place. Numerous notable examples are certainly inappropriate patches of the environment and architectural profession. It would be considered as a variable affecting Tehran public building issues and investigated during the present study. This research reviews the physical identity of the public buildings in the Second Pahlavi period. Library method was initially adopted to investigate the factors affecting the physical identity formation during the Second Pahlavi period. Then, the architectural experts and scholars were asked to complete the questionnaire encompassing the points from the library analysis which were studied in the public buildings of the Second Pahlavi period. The statistical population comprised 150 architectural scholars. Among the findings of this research are the major developments related to the Second Pahlavi period including civil projects and formation of the residential units and complexes. Pahlavi architecture is a transition period from the traditional architecture to the modern one. The modern architecture generated through the Second Pahlavi period was broadly backed by the European architecture mainstreams including the international style of Staatliches Bahaus, Le Corbusier artworks, Frank Lloyd Wright products, etc. Its outcome was Iranian modern architecture that has been called pseudomodern architecture. Given that after the rise of modernism, the regionalism approach entails the ample challenges related to interactions and confrontations of the modern architecture of the cultural- regional identities, the main research question is that which indices and concepts have been focused during the design of some works related to the mentioned period.

In contemporary society, the sacred institution of the mosque has distanced itself from active engagement and social interactions, diminishing its central role in the social fabric. The cultural and religious layers of the mosque have also become less prominent. Considering the importance of tourism development in identifying indigenous culture, beliefs, and promoting religion, this paper aims to explore the potential of tourism development in the case study of Jameh Mosque in Isfahan. The research methodology employed is descriptive-analytical, and the study has practical implications. The necessary data was collected through referencing reputable scientific sources and field observations. The statistical population includes university professors and architectural experts working in academic centers in Isfahan. The questionnaire results were analyzed using one-sample t-tests, Pearson correlation, and SPSS software. Based on the research findings, indicators such as organizing celebrations and public events (score: 4.83), training Islamic architects (score: 4.77), conducting cultural sessions (score: 4.73), and reviving social occasions (score: 4.70) have the greatest impact among the social and cultural performance indicators of Jameh Mosque in Isfahan. The results demonstrate a positive and direct correlation between the thirteen social and cultural performance indicators of Jameh Mosque and tourism development. As these indicators improve in the mosque, tourism will also experience further development. Therefore, focusing on the social and cultural performance indicators of Jameh Mosque facilitates tourism development and enhances local community activities and events within the mosque.

Since ancient times, especially in Iranian cities, the market has been the main structure of the city and an urban interactive space in important economic, social and political fields. In such a way that it connected at least two main gates of the city, and parallel to that, urban neighborhoods were formed and gave a special order to the city. In recent decades, with the unmeasured development of cities, their physical form has been lost. The basic question of the research is related to how to explain the order of Islamic markets based on transic urban spatial theories. this research aims to provide a proposal to solve the problems caused by this chaotic structure; It has tried to help in the physical regeneration and revitalization of cities, and at the same time, it has increased the comfort and peace of the citizens. In order to study more deeply the morphology of the traditional market, a comparative study has been done between the two markets of Zanjan and Istanbul from two Islamic countries based on the theory of the transic lost space. This research was in the form of combined methods (historical-analytical and comparative) and the data collection tool used in the theoretical foundations section was in the form of library studies. The results of the research indicate that a market in the traditional cities of Iran acted like an urban armature and had the role of ordering and placing important urban elements such as mosques, schools, baths, etc. In addition to these, the market in Iran is a large complex that has other small subcategories such as hosseiniyehs, mosques, takayas, baths, caravanserais, etc., while Turkish markets do not have a predetermined geometric shape and are without Planning has grown only with the development of the city and the needs of the people, and in parallel, caravanserais, khans, shops, etc. have been built, and the result is a disorderly plan for the market. The results of this research can provide solutions for urban designers and architects in recreating urban routes and revitalizing neighborhoods.

One of the most important consequences of the rapid growth of cities and their unplanned physical development in recent decades has been disruption of the distribution system of municipal service centers and The emergence of social inequality of citizens of having these services in high quality. So kind and quality of distribution of municipal services can have an effective role in Spatial movement of population and the changes of population in different urban areas including middle urban areas. One of the features of the Islamic city is social justice in service providing and also one of the main criteria for sustainable urban development is balanced distribution of population in city and abandoned middle tissues. This issue shows the importance of measuring the quality of municipal services distribution. One of the best tools for measuring and analyzing the spatial justice of municipal services is to assess the level of residents’ satisfaction with the quality of services provided.
In this research, the spatial justice of urban services in Islamic cities is evaluated and analyzed through spatial analysis of municipal services in Sabzevar city based on questionnaires completed by residents. The level of satisfaction with the quality of distribution of different municipal services from the residents has been questioned. Then, by quantifying the level of residents' satisfaction, using the method of factor analysis of spatial justice in municipal services have been evaluated. The results of the research show that in the upper part of the city (Tohid town) and parts of the middle central textures of the city center and southeastern and western scope of the city have the lowest level of satisfaction. Also, the northwest of the main core of the city and a zone of the east of the area utilized high quality and good satisfaction.