نشریه بهائی شناسی
پیاپی 28 (زمستان 1402)

Mirza Ahmad Sohrab is a Baha'i writer, researcher and critic who, after 46 years of being a member of Baha'i, was rejected by Shoghi because of his critical positions and protesting views he expressed towards Baha'i, Baha'i administrative organizations and Shoghi Effendi. Despite his interest in the Baha'i faith and the services he had rendered to the Baha'i community, he was harassed. Although Abdu'l-Bahá, the third leader of the Bahá'í Faith, had issued several plaques describing Sohrab and introduced him as a servant and activist, but after Abdu'l-Bahá's death, Shoghi Effendi could not bear to listen to his criticisms and opinions and preferred his records and approvals issued by Ignoring Abdu'l-Bahá and expeled him from the Bahá'í community. Sohrab did not accept Shoghi Effendi's method in managing the Baha’i community and believed that Shoghi's violent and autocratic deeds made the face of Baha'ism harsh and unbearable in the eyes of others. He introduced Shoghi-era Baha'ism as an intolerable sect and movement, and he was unhappy that a religion claiming humanitarian ideas had turned into a dangerous organization. After being expelled from the Baha’i community, Sohrab, with the cooperation of some of his Baha’i friends, and using the New History Association and the "Caravan of the East and the West" institute, continued to work in the field of introducing and promoting Baha’ism, and many fans in America and other countries gathered around him and practically the first division after the death of Abdu'l-Bahá was formed around him.

Alphonce Nicola was an important political official of the French government in Iran. He considered Seyyed Ali Muhammad Bab as the receiver of Divine Revelation and he had studied with one of the Iranian Baha'is, but he was inclined towards Azaliyeh and translated works of the Bab and his followers into French. However, among his works, the history he wrote on the life and calling of the Bab is famous: "The Religions of the Civilized Nations or the History of Seyyed Ali Muhammad known as the Bab". After his translation of Bayan Arabi into French, Abbas Effendi considered the book Bayan Arabi to be invalid and called it useless. Nikola also wrote a letter to him and considered his words false. This article, by bringing the text of that letter, has described and analyzed some of its points. This letter was written between 1905 and 1910 AD (the years of Iran's constitutional movement).

The book "Good Philosophy" is one of the most important recent books on the subject of Baha'i criticism. The author of this book, the late Hasan Niko, with a comprehensive view, as a result of years of associating with leaders and the Baha'i community, as well as delving into Baha'i and Babi works, has written the said book in four separate volumes, criticizing Baha'ism and preventing his fellow men from going astray. In terms of importance, this book is placed in the literary ranks such as Kashf al-Hial of the late Ayati and also the advice of the late Father Sobhi. This article tries to provide a summary of the most important criticisms of the late Niko to Baha’ism that emerged from the lines of the book, while briefly introducing the author and reviewing some of the book's titles. Among the most important things that have been mentioned in this article, is that we can point out the arguments in rejecting the reason for the interpretation, the contradictions in the Babi - Baha’i works, the criticisms of some of the rulings of the Aghdas Book as the most important Baha’i book, and moral corruption in some missionaries and followers of Baha’ism. What emerges from the contents of Niko's book is that every free person who benefits from the light of reason, when he abandons blindly following and follows the truth, he realizes that the Baha'i faith as a human religion and No divine, it has inherent contradictions that no common sense can understand. The divine religion never leads a person to the abyss of moral corruption, contrary to what the late Niko narrated about the prevalence of moral corruption in Baha'ism. Also, in this article, it has been tried to look at the weak points of the late Niko's work with an unbiased view.

The book "Chapter of Kalam" written by Mirzahadi Dolatabadi is one of the important books of criticism of Babiye on the beliefs and claims of Mirza Hussein Ali Nouri, nicknamed Baha'u'llah, which is an important reason for the difference in the leadership and leadership of the believers in the Babiye New Religion, which is between two brothers and causes separation and it has created a duality among the followers of Seyyid Ali Muhammad Bab. This book (Chapter of Kalam) aims to show the inconsistency of Bahá'u'lláh's claim with those teachings only by focusing on the teachings of Seyyid Ali Muhammad Báb in the book Bayan Farsi. In his book (The Life of Yahya Naji), Seyyed Meqdad Nabavi has analyzed and examined this book (Chapter of Kalam) so that it can be seen as an objective manifestation of Mirza Hadi Dolatabadi's ideological attachments and tendencies to the Bab religion and also a special view of Azalian's arguments in the heterogeneity of teachingsof Baha’is with the basis of claiming to believe in the teachings of Bábíye

This article examines and explains the treatise of Tanbih al-Naaemin written by Ezzieh Khanom, the sister of Sobh Azal and Baha’u’llah, as well as Abdu'l-Bahá's aunt. First of all, a brief review has been done regarding the position of this person from the point of view of Baha'is, which has been highly respected and praised by Abdu'l-Bahá. Aside from Abdu'l-Bahá's descriptions of his aunt, his mastery of literature and religious issues is evident from his writing in this treatise. In the following, the reason for writing this treatise on his part, which is actually a detailed response to Abdu'l-Bahá's letter regarding the invitation of his aunt, who was a Babi who believed in the succession of Sobhe Azal, to the Baha'i Faith, has been discussed. The main and important part of this research is a summary of Ezzieh Khanum's answers. These answers have revealed untold things from the history of Baha'u'llah's life, which, in a sense, reveals his hidden face to everyone. Due to Ezzieh's closeness to her brother and full knowledge of Bahá'u'lláh, the hidden intentions and purposes in many of Bahá'u'lláh's behaviors have been expressed by her sister. Apart from these revelations, she criticized some of Bahá'u'lláh 's basic claims from Babiyeh's point of view and basically called them invalid. This treatise can be found in Babiyan's works now. Mr. Seyyed Meqdad Nabavi has collected all of this treatise along with research related to this treatise in a book with the same name. The full text of the treatise is available in this book without any changes, and titles for Ezzieh's answers have been determined, which has made reading and finding the material much easier.