فصلنامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 103، پاییز 1402)

User profile is a key element in order to implement and develop personalization services. The user profile describes the user's preferences and lead to an understanding of the user's needs. The aim of this study was to identify indicators related to the creation and maintenance of user profiles and models in academic digital libraries. The present study is an applied one done with the systematic review and Delphi method. Systematic review method was used to determine indicators related to creating and maintaining user profiles in the context of digital libraries. The primary keywords were searched in the different databases such as Google Scholar, Emerald, Ebsco, Scopus, Proquest, Magiran, Irandoc and Civilica. Search keywords include "Personali *", "Customiz *", "Recommendation System", "Personalized Recommendation" and combine them with the keywords "Librar *", "Digital Librar *", "Academic Librar *", "Services Librar *". In addition, the "My Library" keyword was searched. The scope of this systematic review included studies that were published from 1990 to 2019. Finally, 47 studies were selected on user profiles in personalized services of libraries. After reviewing the studies, the indicators on profile user were identified and then the Delphi method was used to determine important and basic indicators. Delphi's group is consisted of 15 experts in the field of digital library and library software who were selected using Purposeful sampling. Delphi's group reached a consensus on indicators after three rounds. Experts were asked to indicate the importance of the indicators using a 10-point scale ranging. The criterion score for the consensus of the experts was a mean of 7 or higher. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, binomial distribution and Kendall coefficient were used to analyze the data. 72 indicators were extracted to create and maintain user profiles. From the point of view of Delphi panel members, 49 indicators were recognized as important indicators. Important factors in creating and maintaining a user profile include the type of information, data collection approach, display and presentation of user modeling, user model interoperability, quality of data, privacy and security, and user profile management. Identifying indicators of user profiles can be used to develop and enhance the use of service personalization in digital libraries. It is suggested that more research be done in this area, especially to determine the quality of data and privacy in the user profile.

Nowadays, improving the productivity of libraries is very important for their survival, development and progress. It is of particular value to pay attention to the impact of the organizational citizenship behavior of librarians, which is related to their undefined frank duties and improves the performance of libraries. And it has a special value. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the situation of organizational citizenship behavior of librarians of Astan Quds Razavi in Holy Mashhad and the factors affecting it.

This research is a combination of sequential explanatory types. The statistical sample of this research is 127 librarians of Astan Quds Razavi libraries in Mashhad, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method from the 200-person population. Quantitative data collection was performed using the Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in both quantitative and qualitative ways. The sample size of the statistical population in the qualitative section was 10 percent of librarians who had obtained a higher average score. In the Quantitative stage, it was set purposefully. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect qualitative data, this data was also analyzed by open, central and selective coding.

Findings in the quantitative part showed that organizational citizenship behavior among librarians of Astan Quds Razavi libraries in Mashhad was above average. Organizational information and organizational loyalty and individual initiatives significantly predicted organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational Participation - Helping behaviors and magnanimity did not play an effective role in predicting organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the findings of the interview in the qualitative section showed that organizational justice-organizational loyalty and organizational support, personality traits, commitment and job satisfaction have been the factors involved in the occurrence of organizational citizenship behavior. If the organization appreciates and values the librarians and their opinions, it will lead to the desirable organizational citizenship behavior of the librarians, which can be classified as organizational support. In other words, it causes the librarians to show a kind of cooperative behavior and share their opinions and suggestions in the organization's programs. Also, perceived organizational support from the librarians' side leads to desirable citizenship behavior in order to fulfill the library's goals. And the increase in organizational support leads to an increase in employee citizenship behavior.

So far, no research has been found to quantitatively and qualitatively examine the organizational citizenship behavior of librarians. The findings showed that the factors affecting and involved in the occurrence of organizational citizenship behavior can be exploited in various ways and of course can be specified.

One of the new methods in the field of providing information services is the use of networks and media with the help of the Internet and the World Wide Web, and important developments made in the field of providing business models are increasing. The current research was conducted to provide an efficient business model for the information services of Astan Quds Razavi Publishing Company by following the example of previous researches.

The research method is of mixed type. The Delphi method was used in the qualitative part and the survey method was used in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the qualitative department is the managers and employees of the publishing company with library and information studies and several expert university professors in the number of 20 people who were selected by purposeful sampling. The statistical population of the quantitative part is all the employees of Astan Quds Razavi publishing company in the number of 130 people who were selected according to the Morgan table. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for data analysis.

The results of the qualitative part are the extraction of a model with the components of business model preparation, recognition, business model design, implementation, and management, and the results of the quantitative part showed that all the components of the efficient business model in Astan Quds Razavi Publishing Company are in a state of They are medium to high. As a result, Astan Quds Razavi publishing company is in an acceptable situation in this field, but it should consider some activities to improve.

The analysis of the results indicates that the efficient business model in the information services of Astan Quds Razavi Publishing Company includes the stages of the business model preparation process, recognition, design, implementation, and management of the business model. To implement each of these processes in this company, some requirements must be considered. Paying attention to these issues will bring Astan Quds Razavi publishing company more successful in the field of business. Other companies in this field can take advantage of this company process published by Astan Quds Razavi to improve their business situation in order to be successful.

In most organizations around the world, managers seek to improve the performance of their organizations. Brahmit's management research emphasizes knowledge management and organizational learning in improving performance. Possessing up-to-date knowledge and information and innovative behavior in professors is one of the basic concerns of university administrators. This research is designed to describe, analyze and synthesize the information presented in the context of investigating the role of knowledge management on organizational learning. Meta-analysis by integrating the results of different researches that have been carried out on several samples; It gives a more comprehensive view of the effect of various variables. In fact, by putting together the results of a research on a sample of a community, different people are examined. Such findings are important and more important in societies, such as ours, which has more diversity; because this variety brings more differences, inevitably, one should have a lot of information from different examples of this society in order to obtain the similarities and deal with the differences in an appropriate way by integrating this information.

The method of this research is meta-analysis. The statistical population of the current research consists of all written documents, including theses, researches, and articles included in Persian scientific research journals with a topic related to the role of knowledge management on organizational learning. The documents collected between 1386 and 1401 were written. Published works were searched in Magiran database, Google Scholar, IranDoc, Academic Jihad Scientific Information Center database. Among the 67 articles searched, 10 articles were excluded due to the title not being relevant, 7 articles due to the inappropriateness of the abstract, 8 articles due to the inappropriateness of the content, and the analysis work was done with 42 articles and theses. Data analysis was done with meta-analysis method and with the help of CMA 3 software. To measure the effect size, tests (X2), (t), (Z), (F) and the index (Hedges' g) and (Z) Fisher were used and to measure the publication bias, a funnel plot was used.

The meta-analysis results showed that knowledge management with organizational learning has an average effect size of 0.556, which shows a higher than average relationship between the two variables. Organizational learning can be improved by improving knowledge management. Because when knowledge is managed in organizations based on principles and knowledge is created based on organizational needs, it can be predicted that learning will happen in the organization and if organizational knowledge enters the organization regardless of educational needs, it will not be accepted by individuals and so, this is not in the interest of the organization.

The results of combining the size of the primary researches indicate the confirmation of the role of knowledge management on organizational learning, which is higher according to Cohen's criteria. Also, the results of variance analysis indicate a significant difference between the effect rate of knowledge management and organizational learning.

This article aimed to demonstrate the results of a study on the application of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model for organization of non-book resources.

The content analysis method with a comparative approach was used. In this line, the UNIMARC Standard, the second edition of the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, and the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model were reviewed. 116 works in 17 types of non-book materials found in the National Library and Archives of IR of Iran (NLAI) collection formed the statistical population. A checklist was developed and used as the data collection tool, and Microsoft Visio Software was used to draw the required chart.

As a result of this study, 37 data elements were identified. These elements were entered in the fields of zero to eight blocks of the UNIMARC Standard. The rules of description were also based on the second edition of the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules in eight areas of description and analysis and access point parts. A description was provided based on the CIDOC Model for each data element. Also, 20 entities were selected from the CIDOC model, which were interlinked through 23 properties as was required. The "E22 man-made object" entity in the role of "domain" was intended for non-book resources physics. This entity was connected to the “range" entity in various ways. All in all, 24 descriptions were given for 37 data elements based on the CIDOC model.

Based on the result of this study, most of the data elements in the UNIMARC Standard and the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules were described based on the CIDOC Model. This result can indicate the adaptation of bibliographic standards structures to the CIDOC Model and ontological usability. Most of the elements used in bibliographic structures were compatible with ontological structure and CIDOC model. Some of the entities of the CIDOC model and the properties that defined their relationships represented an aspect of non-book resources organization which has been able to provide a structured and relevant description of non-book resources organization from both physical and content aspects. In general, it can be argued that considering the use of conceptual and ontological models to organize non-book resources can be considered as an introduction to the use of ontology to organize other library resources, including books and periodicals as well. In terms of applications of the CIDOC model and its focus on museum materials and cultural heritage, the examples of this research can be a step towards the convergence of methods and patterns used in libraries, museums, and archives.

Initially, bibliotherapy was used to address emotional issues in adults. However, in the second half of the 19th century, its theoretical and practical foundations expanded significantly. Nowadays, bibliotherapy is recognized as an effective strategy for treating clinical problems. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of an  experimental Bibliotherapy for resilience, and so investigate the effect of twelve archetypes on teenagers with cancer at Behsat Hospital, Hamedan.

 This research employed a semi-experimental design, utilizing a pre-test and post-test approach. The target population consisted of teenagers aged 10 to 14 undergoing chemotherapy for cancer at Besat Hospital in Hamedan. A sample of 30 cancer-afflicted teenagers was randomly selected, ensuring homogeneity in terms of age, duration of illness, socioeconomic status, and other variables. The sample was divided into two groups: a control group of 15 individuals and an experimental group of 15 individuals. The research utilized two questionnaires to measure resilience (Conner and Davidson, 2003) and life expectancy (Schneider, 2006). The resilience questionnaire had 25 items that are scored on a five-level Likert scale from completely agree to completely disagree. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by six experts and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. The life expectancy questionnaire has 12 items and 3 components and is implemented as a self-assessment. Out of these 12 items, four items measure operative thinking, four items measure strategic thinking, and four items contain deviant questions. This questionnaire includes two subscales of factor and strategy, and its purpose is to evaluate the level of life expectancy in people. The scoring method of this questionnaire is based on a five-level Likert scaleThe experimental group participated in eight sessions of bibliotherapy intervention using a storytelling skill plan. The therapist researchers used three books as guides: "Living with Chronic Pain: An Acceptance-Based Approach" and its therapist's guide and patient workbook by Kevin Wells and John Sorrell (2013), "Pain Control Practical Guide: A Positive Attitude to Adapting to Chronic Pain" by Michael Nicholas (2014), and "The Hero's Awakening" by Patricia Addson (2014). Data analysis was conducted using independent t-tests and analysis of covariance in SPSS statistical software.

 The results of the independent t-tests revealed a significant difference in mean scores for resilience and life expectancy between the control and experimental groups. Moreover, the bibliotherapy intervention had a 43.6 percent effect on life expectancy and a 64.1 percent effect on resilience among teenagers with cancer.

Despite the strong reasons for using knowledge management to improve organizational performance, there are various obstacles to implementing knowledge management in organizations. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of implementing the knowledge management process in the Nomads Affairs Organization of Iran.
This descriptive-survey study is based on the combined method of TOPSIS and structural equations, and its statistical population includes all employees of the Nomads Affairs Organization of Iran in 1398 (2018). The sample size was 302 people according to Cochran's formula; stratified random sampling method was used in the analysis. To collect data, a 60-item questionnaire was used, which after applying the TOPSIS method, 24 indicators that did not receive the required average to enter the model were removed from the model. The 36-item questionnaire was approved by experts and the validity of the structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and their reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the data, SmartPLS software was used to model the structural equations.
The research findings showed that organizational culture, organizational structure, motivation, and technical factor have a positive and significant effect on knowledge management.
To implement the knowledge management process in the Nomads Affairs Organization of Iran, the factors "organizational culture", "organizational structure", "motivation", and "technical" are effective and in the meantime, the "social factor" should be used as a mediating variable. By increasing the organizational culture among employees, knowledge management can more easily go through the implementation and execution stages. Considering the effect of the variable of organizational structure on knowledge management and also in order to achieve the goals and mission of the organization, it is necessary for senior managers to organize and select the appropriate structure of knowledge management. According to the research results, the motivation variable has a higher score and this means that managers try to create more trust and motivation in employees. The results showed that the IT variable has a direct effect on the implementation of knowledge management. Given the impact of staff on the implementation of knowledge management is necessary; Recruit employees with high knowledge and expertise to add new knowledge to the knowledge within the organization. Considering the effect of social factor as a mediating variable on knowledge management and also in order to achieve the goals and mission of the organization, it is necessary to strengthen social capital and mutual trust among their employees. Organizational investment in the development of social capital, through effective communication training, improving the communication process and interactions between employees and managers inside and outside the organization, creating a culture of cooperation, mutual trust and teamwork, all contribute to the development of social organization. And it will accelerate the movement of the organization towards an innovative and learning organization.

In today's age, having military and war power can no longer be considered as a global power, but global power is achieved through knowledge and ways to achieve it. Due to the increasing development and production of knowledge, a new concept has been created under the title of knowledge city, which has attracted the attention of the world. Today, knowledge city is one of the important issues in urban development. A knowledge city is a city that has encouraged, continuous production of knowledge, continuous creativity, sharing, evaluation, renovation and updating of knowledge in order to develop knowledge. Considering the importance of knowledge in the city of knowledge, the aim of this research is to identify the impact of the key components of the city of knowledge in transferring knowledge.
The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. Library and field methods were used to collect information. The data collection tool in this research was a closed questionnaire that consists of 110 questions. In order to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, the method of content validity with the opinion of experts has been used. In this research, two criteria of composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) were used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The professors of information science and epistemology, who had expertise in the field of knowledge management, formed the statistical community of this research. In the present study, 30 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method. In order to analyze the data, SPSS and PLS software were used.
The findings indicate that the key components identified in Knowledge city include 7 components: social conditions, strategic conditions, technological conditions, political conditions, financial conditions, the component of environmental conditions, and finally the component of urban management. The present study investigated the effect of each of the components on knowledge transfer, which the components of strategic situation, political conditions, financial situation, and environmental conditions have a significant effect on knowledge transfer, and in contrast to the social conditions, the conditions Technological and urban management components have no effect on knowledge transfer.
Based on the investigations, some components of knowledge city can be effective in knowledge transfer. It seems that there is a need to strengthen the foundation of the components of the strategic situation, the political situation, the financial situation, and the environmental conditions that have a positive and significant effect on knowledge transfer, because knowledge transfer can contribute to the development and the productivity of knowledge city has an important role.

The main issue of this research is to investigate the frequency of reproduction of jurisprudential books in the first Safavid period. After reviewing the jurisprudence manuscripts written during the Safavid period, it is possible to understand the increasing growth and development of Imami jurisprudence in this period and the continuation of this upward trend in the following periods. In this research, the author intends to study the growing trend in the Safavid era by examining and counting the manuscripts reproduced in this period, and by separating the jurisprudential versions written in the Safavid period, to examine the growth of the production of jurisprudential works in the Safavid period.
This research is done by content analysis method. Due to the breadth of the subject, the thematic scope of this research is the jurisprudential books copied in the first Safavid period, from the beginning to the era of Shah Abbas I (from 907 to 1038 AH).
Findings indicate that out of 554 jurisprudential books and treatises produced in the first Safavid period, 38.3 percent of those works have been written with book structure and 61.7 percent of the works have been written in the form of treatises. Among the 212 jurisprudential books produced in this period, 45 are independent books and 167 are non-independent books (in the descriptions and margins of other books). Some of these books (84 titles in total) are only written by the jurists of this period and the written versions of these titles have been seen in later periods and some (128 titles in total) also have copies written in this period. The most widely used jurisprudential books in this period are: the works of Shahid Thani, Mohaghegh Karki, Sheikh Baha'i and Moqaddas Ardabili, which have the highest frequency in reproduction.
Considering that the jurisprudential works of the mentioned scholars are comprehensive jurisprudential and reasoning books, therefore it can be concluded that the frequency of copying these works, in a very high volume in this period, is mainly to meet the need of teaching resources in Shiite schools in the cities. The important and great Iran was established in this period. And it turns out that these works were among the main sources of jurisprudence in Shia schools and valid jurisprudential references and sources for other jurists to refer to them for scientific discussions and deriving jurisprudential fatwas needed by the society in response to new and emerging jurisprudential issues.

In the present era, libraries and information centers, with the pervasiveness of voluntary activities, have taken advantage of the presence of volunteer forces to dynamize and develop service delivery. The present study seeks to analyze the factors and components affecting the voluntary activities of Iranian libraries.

The present study is a quantitative survey. In this study, the cluster sampling method was used and the data were collected with a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The statistical population included professors of Knowledge and Information Science, cultural trustees, library executives, librarians and experts in Knowledge and Information Science, and library staff in 5 provinces of Bushehr, Khorasan Razavi, Khuzestan, Qazvin and Hamedan.

Findings showed that the correlation between the factors of the ruling context, intervening, strategic, and outcome with the variables of causal factors were 0.419, 0.503, 0.65, 0.448, respectively, which was significant at the level of p<0.05. In other words, the more the benefit of the factors of the ruling, intervening, strategic, consequential context increases, the more the causal factors increase, and the less the ruling context, intervening, strategic, consequential, the less the causal factors decrease. The results also showed that the value of t-statistic observed in the variable of voluntary activities and its factors was positive and significant (p<0.05). The level of Iranian libraries utilization rate from the factors and components affecting voluntary activities is above average.

The results showed that librarians and libraries in Iran welcome the implementation of the plan to employ volunteers and there is a significant relationship between the factors and components of volunteer activities in Iranian libraries. In this regard, it is necessary to provide a more effective presence of volunteer forces in the country's libraries to dynamize and develop services by creating laws, reforming policies and attracting the support of governmental and non-governmental institutions. Because volunteers, as great social assets, which are also referred to as national wealth, will play an important and essential role in the expansion of promotion and cultural activities, therefore, it is suggested that a general outline of the process of recruitment, employment and management of volunteers be prepared by the trustees of the libraries and provided to the librarians for further familiarization. This plan can be studied first in the research community (libraries of five provinces) in an experimental way, and after solving possible problems, it can be implemented all over the country. On the other hand, considering the readiness of libraries and librarians to accept volunteers, it is suggested that the plan of calling and recruiting volunteers should be included in the agenda of libraries to lead to the quantitative and qualitative growth and development of libraries and their services.

The progress and emergence of new technologies in the present century have made academic libraries revise, develop, and transform their programs and services. In other words, recent developments have prompted the managers and librarians of libraries around the world to take the changes seriously, think about the horizons of the users’ present and future needs, investigate the challenges they are likely to face on their way to achieving their goals, and devise serious plans, particularly strategic ones, by predicting the trends of future developments. So, systematic future studies need to be conducted on academic libraries to enable them to keep up with modern developments, deal with them effectively, and maintain their status and persistency in current competitive conditions. In this regard, the current article aims to study and design scenarios for the future of academic libraries in Iran in order to help provision of suitable strategies for the promotion and development of these libraries.

The current research is a survey-applied in which 16 academic libraries have been selected by the quota sampling method and a number of professors and related experts, together with the managers or assistants of the libraries of the selected universities, have formed an expert panel. Besides, four questionnaires were developed to gather the required data. To achieve the research goals, firstly, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to extract the drivers affecting the future of the target academic libraries. These drivers were localized and screened by experts, using the fuzzy Delphi method. After that, the weight of each driver was calculated using the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method. In the end, the key drivers and final uncertainties were determined by combining the results with Cross Impact Analysis. 

In the first step, reviewing the studies led to the extraction of 112 candidate driving forces that can influence the future of academic libraries in eight dimensions, including the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental dimensions (for investigating external environments) in addition to the “structural-managerial” and “the nature and services of libraries” dimensions. After determining the key drivers, and analyzing their mutual effects, the second stage was completed by formulating scenarios facing university libraries by forming a panel of experts, using the Delphi method and future research software.

Finally, after analyzing the aspects of the final uncertainties, among the possible candidate scenarios, four plausible scenarios, namely, Utopia, Treasure key, Vicious circle, and Ruins, were drawn as the future possible state of Iranian academic libraries, from which the “Utopia scenario” was picked up as the imagined future.