مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و ششم شماره 6 (پیاپی 192، بهمن و اسفند 1402)

abstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy intervention on working memory and processing speed of students with special learning disabilities. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included male and female elementary school students with learning disabilities in the Tonekabon city who referred to the health learning disability center of that city in the 99-98 academic year. Sampling method of this study was available that after selecting 30 people were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were clinical interview and Wechsler 4 (2003) IQ scale. Univariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The above tests were performed using version 22 of SPSS software. The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation therapy had a positive and significant effect on working memory and processing speed of students with special learning disabilities.

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Mindfulness skills training on the cognitive fusion and irrational beliefs of female students with divorced parents. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included high school female students with divorced parents in the city of Bandar Abbas in academic year 2019-20. 30 female students with divorced parents were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 students). The experimental group received nine seventy-five-minute sessions of Mindfulness skills training during a month while one from the experimental group and two from the control were excluded from the study. The applied questionnaires included Cognitive fusion Questionnaire (Gillanders et al, 2010), and Irrational beliefs Questionnaire (Jones, 1961). The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that Mindfulness skills training has significant effect on the cognitive fusion and irrational beliefs of the female students with divorced parents (p<0.001) in a way that this intervention has led to the decrease of cognitive fusion and the improvement of irrational beliefs in them. The findings of the present study implied that Mindfulness skills training can be used as an efficient method to decrease cognitive fusion and improve irrational beliefs in female students with divorced parents through applying techniques such as conscious thoughts, emotions and behaviors and being in the present.

This study was conducted to desig a futures research model with a strategic thinking approach in higher education. Futurology want predict development and improvement in the probable and possible future by analyzing of the current situation, identifying mechanisms of change and defining different scenarios.

The research method was qualitative-quantitative (mix method) with emphasis on structural equations. The statistical population included 25 specialists and experts in the qualitative section who were targeted by snowball method and in the quantitative section included all the staff of Farhangian University of Khorasan provinces (396 people),196 people were selected using the proportional stratified method by Morgan table. The research instrument were interview and researcher-made questionnaire whose Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.98. Their face and content validity were confirmed by experts. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 and PLS software.

A model was designed by collected data that among the dimensions of futurology, futurism, leadership and creativity are more important than other dimensions (coefficient 0.81, 0.82, 0.83) and among the dimensions of strategic thinking; the organizational dimension (coefficient 0.84) is the most important and intuitive dimension (coefficient 0.73) is the lowest in the University.

It is proposed establishing a futurology table to determine strategies in all areas and stakeholders using local, national, regional and international capacities for the favorable future of universities and higher education institution.

Plasmids play a the crucial role in the horizontal transfer of genes, especially antibiotic resistance and pathogenic agents, and not epidemiological studies have been conducted on the type of plasmids transmitted by Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli pathotypes. The main purpose of this study is to classify the plasmids of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates isolated from children with diarrhea based on the major incompatible plasmid groups according method of Johnsnon et al(2007).

This descriptive study was performed on 44 isolates of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolates Isolated from Diarrheal to identify 18 plasmid replicons by The method of Johnsnon et al(2007).

The results showed the FreP 35(79.54%) plasmid replicon was the most frequent and L/M plasmid replicon was the least frequent with 1(2.27%). IncFIC, IncN, IncW, Inc X, Inc HI1, Inc HI2 and IncFIIA replicons were not observed in any of the isolates.

The results of this study indicated a high diversity of profile plasmid incompatibility groups among the studied isolates.

Brucellosis is a multi-organ disease involving several organs. This disease progresses to a chronic and debilitating condition if not diagnosed and treated in time. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the factors affecting preventive behaviors of brucellosis in villagers using social cognitive theory.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 residents of rural areas under the coverage of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2020. The participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. The data in this study were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire that measured demographic information and the constructs of the cognitive-social model. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).

The participants' mean age was 35.19±9.70 years. Furthermore, 82% of participants were women, and 93% had high school diplomas or lower education. In addition, 87% of the participants were married, and 78% were housewives. Except for the construct of understanding the situation, a positive and significant correlation was observed between other constructs and preventive behavior for brucellosis. The results of the regression model showed that predictors of preventive behaviors for brucellosis were knowledge, outcome expectations, outcome value, self-efficacy, self-efficacy in overcoming obstacles, self-regulation, and emotional adjustment (P <0.05).

Higher levels of knowledge, outcome expectations, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, self-efficacy in overcoming obstacles, self-regulation, and emotional adjustment are associated with higher levels of preventive behavior for brucellosis. Therefore, preventive education programs can be implemented based on social cognitive theory to prevent brucellosis.

Helminth-induced type 2 immune responses, which are characterized by the T helper 2 cell-associated cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13, mediate host protection through enhanced tissue repair, the control of inflammation and worm expulsion. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of somatic antigens of nematode Marshallagia marshalli on healing of full-thickness skin wound healing in mice.

In this study, 72 adult mice were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D. Subgroups A the dose of 40 μg /mice, B the dose of 20 µg / mice, C the alum adjuvant group and D were considered as negative controls. Twenty four hours after made wounds, all mice were treated subcutaneously at the four sides of the wound. The wounds evaluated at days 0,1.3,6,9,12,15,18 and 21 by taken digital photographs. The images were analyzed by Image J software.

After analyzing a significant difference were showed in the percentage of wound contraction, wound healing and the infiltration rate of inflammatory cells in the treatment group with a dose of 20 μg (P ≤ 0.05).

The results of this study indicate that application of somatic antigens of Marshallia marshalla nematode with a dose of 20 μg subcutaneous injection accelerates the healing process of wound healing.

Regular sports activity is an effective non-pharmacological method in the prevention of diseases, and determining the type of activity, its intensity and duration as a suitable model helps to prevent cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of three training methods on TGFB1 and VASH-1 gene expression in the left ventricular tissue of Wistar rats.

The research method was an experimental type with a post-test design with a control group. 40 8-week-old Wistar rats with an average weight of 237+33 grams were kept in a controlled environment and randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 each, the control group (CO), the control group for 8 weeks. (CO8), moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (MIT), high-intensity aerobic exercise (HIT), and high-intensity interval aerobic exercise (HIIT). Training programs were carried out for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week with specific intensity. Aerobic exercises with moderate intensity included 47 minutes of running with an intensity of 65% VO2MAX on a treadmill. High-intensity training included running at a speed of 2 meters per minute with an increasing slope on the treadmill and high-intensity intermittent aerobic training including 4 intense intermittent bouts with an intensity of 90-100% VO2MAX and four low-intensity intermittent bouts of 50-60% VO2MAX. The basic control group underwent surgery and tissue removal in the first week, the other groups were dissected and heart tissue was removed after the last training session. Outgroup changes were analyzed by oneway analysis of variance and James Hoel's post hoc test at a significance level of P≥0.05.

The results show that 8 weeks of moderate intensity (MIT), high intensity (HIT) and high intensity interval (HIIT) training significantly increased the expression of TGF- β1 in the left ventricular tissue of Nervestar rats (P=0.001), but No significant difference was observed between the two control groups and the 8-week control group (P=1.000). Also, these exercises led to a significant decrease in VASH-1 gene expression in the research groups (P=0.0001, which is the most significant change It is related to HIT exercise

From the findings of this research, it can be concluded that regular exercises have the potential to affect cardiac hypertrophy by increasing TGF-β1 and decreasing VASH- 1 in male Wistar rats, and this effect is more under HIT exercises.

The present study was conducted to effectiveness of reality therapy based on choice theory on impulsive behaviors and psychological distress of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction. The current study was a semi-experimental application with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population was made up of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction who referred to the education counseling center of Isfahan city in the academic year of 2022-23. In order to carry out the present study, 37 adolescent with inefficient parent-child interaction were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (19 adolescent in the experimental group and 18 adolescent in the control group). The adolescents in the experimental group received ten sessions of reality therapy based on choice theory during ten weeks. The applied questionnaires in this study included parent-child relationship questionnaire (Fine, Moreland, Schwebel, 1983), Impulsive Behaviors Questionnaire and Psychological Distress Questionnaire (Kessler et al, 2002). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA method via SPSS23 statistical software. The results showed that reality therapy based on choice theory has had effect on impulsive behaviors and psychological distress of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction. According to the findings of the present study, reality therapy based on choice theory can be used as an efficient method to decrease impulsive behaviors and psychological distress of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction through employing techniques such focusing on the present time, avoiding excessive criticism and training accountability.

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of incorporating Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), produced at the Dental Materials Research Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, into an Iranian toothpaste on the remineralization of enamel lesions.

Twenty enamel blocks were obtained by cutting sections from the crowns of cow incisor teeth. Each enamel block was divided into thirds; one-third was varnished to serve as the healthy control, while the remaining two-thirds underwent a demineralization process.Following demineralization, the remaining half of the enamel block surface was varnished, leaving only the third area exposed to the remineralization process. The 20 enamel blocks were then divided into two groups: the first group received Meridant Complete7 toothpaste, and the second group received Meridant Complete7 toothpaste containing 1% CPP-ACP by weight.In each group, the designated toothpaste was applied to the exposed third area for 3 minutes, followed by washing with distilled water and placement in an artificial saliva solution. This procedure was repeated daily for seven days. Remineralization was assessed using the Vickers microhardness method, measuring at depths of 20, 50, 100, and 150 micrometers in the three designated areas, from the surface to the depth.

The results indicated that the incorporation of CPP-ACP into Merident toothpaste significantly enhanced remineralization at depths of 20 micrometers (p=0.028) and 50 micrometers (p=0.033). However, at other depths, the addition of CPP-ACP did not yield a statistically significant difference in the toothpaste's impact on remineralization.

In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that the incorporation of CPP-ACP into Merident Iranian toothpaste enhances its efficacy in remineralizing enamel lesions, particularly in the surface layer of tooth enamel

Dermatoglyphic is a science that study the lines in the skin of the palms and fingertips properly. There are some certain points at these lines that called minutiae. In some studies, the relationship between dermatoglyphic patterns with some diseases has been proven IQ is one of the important tools of development. The aim of the present study is to easily use the characteristics of the hand for the early recognition of IQ.

In this observational analytical study that was conducted in 2022, 50 Intellectual Disabilities students, 60 intelligent students and 100 normal students in the age group of 7 to 18 years living in Birjand city were investigated. The fingerprint was recorded by the scanner. Then dermatoglyphic and minutia patterns were determined. Data were processed with Excel and spss software.

According to the results, the maximum frequency of dermatoglyphic patterns in both legs was related to the loop type. Examining the frequency of minutia patterns in the thumb of the right and left leg in three intelligent, Intellectual Disabilities and normal groups showed the difference between them. The variety of minutiae patterns was further in intelligent student than in other student. Also, in all three groups, the average line count of the left hand was lower than of the right hand.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Exercise and food supplements are two suitable approaches to prevent the phenomenon of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of total body resistance training (TRX) and omega-3 supplementation on serum leptin levels and body fat percentage in overweight and obese women.

In this semi-experimental research, 48 overweight and obese women were purposefully selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into four groups of 12 people: 1) training, 2) supplement, 3) training +supplement, and 4) control. The subjects of the first and third groups performed the exercise training protocol (TRX) for eight weeks (Three sessions per week). Also, the subjects of the second and third groups received two 1000 mg capsules of omega-3 supplement daily, and the first and fourth groups received the same amount of placebo (Oral paraffin). At the beginning and end of the study, measuring body fat percentage using a body composition measuring device and venous blood samples were collected to measure biochemical values. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of emotion regulation training with cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on perceived stress and self-compassion in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

This research was a semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The study population was those female patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome in Ilam city who visited the private practice of internal medicine specialists in 2018-2019. Based on this, 60 people were selected using a non-random sampling method and after matching, they were assigned to three groups (20 people under emotion regulation training, 20 people under cognitive therapy-based mindfulness, and 20 people in the control group). First, in the pre-test stage, the perceived stress and self-compassion questionnaires were used to measure the research variables. Then, two experimental groups were placed in the order of emotion regulation training and cognitive therapy training based on mindfulness. the training, the post-test was conducted. Statistical analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data.

Emotion regulation training as well as cognitive therapy training based on mindfulness has an effect on people's perceived stress and self-compassion and its components. cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has had a greater impact on people's perceived stress and self-compassion and its components compared to emotional regulation training.

According to the research findings, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness can be used as an effective method to reduce perceived stress and increase self-compassion in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of training child-based mindfulness on neuropsychological skills in pre-elementary children.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and forty-five-day follow-up period design. The statistical population included all 546 pre-elementary children in the city of Isfahan in academic year 2019-20. 30 pre-elementary children who were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 children). The experimental group received ten seventy-five-minute sessions of child-based mindfulness intervention during two-and-a-half months (Bordick, 2014). The applied questionnaire in the current study included neuropsychological skills questionnaire (NSQ). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA via SPSS23.

The results showed that training child-based mindfulness has significant effect on pre-elementary children’s neuropsychological skills (p<0.001) in a way that this intervention has succeeded in increasing pre-elementary children’s neuropsychological skills.

According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that training child-based mindfulness can be applied as an efficient therapy to improve pre-elementary children’s neuropsychological skills through employing techniques such as thoughts, emotions, mindful behavior and being in the present time.

Nowadays, standard compression stockings are used to correct or balance thrombosis indicators in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic exercises combined with elastic pressure of the lower limbs on leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes in people with DVT.

30 middle-aged men (51 ± 4 Years) with DVT were randomly divided into three groups: 1) Aerobic training, 2) Aerobic exercise with elastic pressure, and 3) Control group. Aerobic training was performed for 8 weeks of running at an intensity range of 60-70% heart rate reserve. In the group of aerobic training + elastic pressure, elastic socks were used to create elastic pressure during training. Fasting levels of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and leukocytes were measured on 2 occasions: 24 before and 48 hours after the training period. Analysis of variance test was used to compare between-group changes and paired t-test was used to determine intra-group changes.

The results showed that aerobic + stretching training decreased leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes (p = 0.001), but the changes in the aerobic and control groups in none of Factors were not significant.

Using elastic compression stockings during regular aerobic exercises in people with DVT, through reducing and balancing pro-coagulation factors including leukocytes and its types including lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils leads to a decrease in the blood coagulation process among people with DVT.

In this descriptive study, we extracted all the information of patients over 18 years of age entered in the urodynamic system of the USD Center of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences separately.

The average Pdet before voiding (detrusor muscle pressure before diuresis) was equal to 23.81 cm of water. The average Pdet Qmax (highest detrusor muscle pressure during qmax) was also equal to 31.13 cm of water. The average Qmax (highest intensity of urine flow) was 20.51 ml/s. The average bladder contractility index in the urodynamic test was equal to 136.05 cm of water and there was a significant difference between the average Pdet before voiding, Pdet Qmax, Qmax and bladder contractility index according to age and gender. The average First Sensation Volume was 146.9 ml, First Desire to Void Volume was 281.1 ml, and Strong Desire to Void Volume was 305.1 ml, respectively. Age had a significant relationship with First Desire to Void Volume and Strong Desire to Void Volume. However, there was no relationship between gender and these 3 variables. The average Cystometeric Capacity (the total volume of the bladder in the urodynamic test) in the urodynamic test was 361.78 ml. Age had a positive correlation with Cystometeric Capacity; However, there was no correlation between gender and total bladder volume.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) imposes significant costs on the family and community. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and emotion-focused therapy in improving the symptoms of OCD in people with this syndrome.

This study utilized a semi-experimental design with pre-and post-tests and a two-month follow-up period. Health centers, psychiatrists, and social media pages provided referrals and information on the sampling method. The participants were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5), Yale-Brown, and a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist's diagnosis. The participants were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5(SCID-5), Yale-Brown, and a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist's diagnosis. They were randomly assigned to groups. The treatment protocol was implemented in both groups. Each group began with 16 individuals. To diagnose OCD, we used the Yale-Brown(Y-BOCS). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mixed variance analysis in SPSS.

the mean difference between the emotion-focused therapy group and the control group(-6. 206) was greater than the mean difference between the metacognitive therapy group and the control group(-4. 992). In other words, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments in improving the symptoms of the people with OCD syndrome.

Despite the effectiveness of both treatments in improving OCD symptoms, The mean difference between the two treatments and the control group demonstrated that emotion-focused therapy is more effective than metacognitive therapy at reducing the OCD syndrome.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the mediation role of emotion cognitive regulation strategies in the relationship between emotional schemata and learning anxiety.

Mythology: 

It was a correlational study in structural equations modeling type. The statistical population included male and female students at secondary high school in the city of Shiraz in academic year 2018-19. 253 students (131 female and 122 male students) were selected through multi-stage clustered random sampling method. The applied instruments included academic emotions questionnaire (Pekrun, et.al, 2002), emotion cognitive regulation questionnaire (Garnesfski, et.al, 2002) and emotional schemata (Leahy, 2002).

The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between study variables. Moreover, the results of structural equations analysis showed that emotional variables can negatively predict adaptive emotion regulation strategy and positively predict maladaptive emotional regulation strategy. Emotional schemata can negatively predict learning anxiety and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies can positively predict learning anxiety. Furthermore, maladaptive emotion regulation has a mediation role in the relationship between emotional schemata and learning anxiety. Finally, the findings implied that the model has an appropriate goodness of fit.

Considering the mediation role of emotion cognitive regulation in the relationship between emotional schemata and learning anxiety, it is a necessity for the department of education to introduce emotion cognitive regulation and attempt to teach these strategies to them through holding appropriate teaching classes.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on quality of life and psychological symptoms in drug addicts. The current research was a The current research was a Quasi-experimental studies type with a pre-test and post-test design with an unequal control group. The statistical population of the study included all addicts (80 people) with an age range of 18-65 years who referred to addiction treatment clinics in Tehran. 60 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group). The first experimental group was exposed to 12 cognitive therapy sessions based on mindfulness and the second experimental group was exposed to 12 schema therapy sessions, Finally, the post-test was conducted for all three groups. The research tools included quality of life questionnaires and psychological symptom syndromes. The results showed that both treatment methods lead to improvement of quality of life and psychological symptoms in addicted people, but cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was more effective on improving the psychological symptoms of addicts than schema therapy. Based on the findings of the research, it is concluded that effective treatments such as cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy can be used to improve the quality of life and psychological symptoms of addicts.

One of the main mechanisms of regulating immune responses is the interaction between CTLA-4 and CD80/CD86. CTLA-4 is an inhibitory receptor and has the same ligand as co-stimulatory receptors CD28, CD80/86. CTLA-4 endocytosis these ligands through a process called trans-endocytosis and drives these ligands out of reach of the immune system stimulation. As a result, such a mechanism prevents the excessive response of the immune system. However, trans-endocytosis is performed only in the presence of one ligand. In this review, we investigated the interaction between CTLA-4 and CD80/CD86 and the importance of the presence of two distinct ligands for CTLA-4. This study represents that there is an opposite but necessary interaction between CD80 and CD86 with CTLA-4. In such a way, CD80 attenuates CTLA-4 functions and increases CD28-CD86 interaction by protecting CD86 from endocytosis, so CD28-CD86 interaction increases immune system stimulation. While CD86 enhances the inhibitory functions of CTLA-4. On the other hand, these interactions balance the inhibitory and the stimulatory functions of the immune system. Although CTLA-4 controls CD86, it is itself controlled by CD80, hence is prevented the over-inhibitory function of CTLA-4. Such a function arises only in the presence of both ligands. The present study provides a more obvious perception of the CTLA-4-CD80/86 regulatory system and the interactions between them.

The aim of this study was to compare quality of life, life expectancy and coping strategies with stress in fertile and infertile women in Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and causal-comparative and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study includes all fertile and infertile couples who referred to gynecology and infertility clinics in Shiraz in 1400. Among them, 100 people (50 fertile women, 50 infertile women) were selected as the sample. In this study, three standard questionnaires of life expectancy, Miller (1988), quality of life of infertile women, Schneider et al. (2004) and Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire (1988) were used to collect data. These tests have acceptable validity and validity. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency percentage, standard deviation, standard deviation and inferential statistical methods such as Mann-Whitney test, correlation coefficient, stepwise regression, t-test. The results showed that at a significant level comparing quality of life, life expectancy and a positive effect on coping strategies in fertile and infertile women.