فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
سال بیست و نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 109، پاییز 1402)

The identity of the University of Berlin as the first modern university in Prussia, owes above all to its attention to research and philosophical insight in the management of the knowledge system and its guardian institution. With the establishment of the University of Berlin in 1810, research, along with teaching and moral education, was determined as one of the three main tasks of the big professors of the faculties. In this structure, in addition to faculties as the first pillar of the university, which is in charge of educational activities, the Academy is also a place of excellent research as the second pillar. The Faculty of Philosophy, as the third pillar, should first obtain a reasonable picture of the order of disciplines and sciences in the overall structure of the knowledge system through the general management of the university with the aim of regulating the relationship between the faculties with each other and with the academy, and then reflecting on the research findings of the faculties and the academy and so realize the idea of "unity of science" and "absolute knowledge" step by step. This article tries to explain the building elements of the University of Berlin in the beginning of the 19th century with the focus on Research and the Faculty of Philosophy under the two ideas of "unity" and "progress".

The purpose of this research, exploring the components of the fourth generation university was in the comprehensive scientific map of the country. The research methods, Sequential exploratory mixed-method It has been of tools making type. Statistical population in the qualitative phase, include books and documents related to Social Responsibility university and 37 professors of the Faculty Bu Ali Sina University of Hamadan and in the quantitative phase, it has been a comprehensive scientific map of the country. Qualitative research tools include taking notes and semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative phase, the content analysis checklist of the comprehensive scientific map of the country was used. For data analysis in the qualitative phase, of categorical analysis and content analysis in the quantitative phase, descriptive statistical indicators of frequency and percentage have been used. The results of the qualitative section included the extraction of 37 components for a Social Responsibility university, the validity of which was confirmed by 15 experts in the field of higher education curriculum. Then, based on the tools made, the comprehensive scientific map of the country was thematically analyzed by the research team and 9 professors of educational sciences of Bu Ali Sina University of Hamadan and Lorestan asked for opinions and the amount of agreement was recorded. To analyze the data in a quantitative part, descriptive statistical indicators of frequency and percentage have been used. The results showed that the component of strengthening Islamic-Iranian identity with 17.31% and the component of emphasizing the quantitative and qualitative development of the faculty in accordance with social needs with 11.94% of the most emphasis And the components of creating a desirable and lively teaching-learning environment, special emphasis on citizenship education, attention to environmental issues, acceptance and respect for the principle of multiculturalism and special attention to the realization of the Green University, have not been considered.

The concept of innovation is one of the concepts that has been misunderstood in various areas, or confused with concepts such as entrepreneurship, creativity, or change, and has been used synonymously as an adjective for individuals and institutions, especially for the academic institutions. The present study has been conducted with the aim of investigating this concept versus entrepreneurship and also extracting the specific characteristics of the innovative university in the existing literature by a qualitative method. In this regard, the meta-synthesis method has been used as a method to create a new idea or new interpretation of the findings of previous research (26 international scientific articles and 7 domestic articles among 352 papers over a period of fifty years). Consequently, depending on the model deriving from the research, it was identified that one of the key features of an innovative university is multiple interactions, especially with civil society, and also fulfilling the social needs. Therefore, the innovative university is more reminiscent of the concept of an "adaptive university" with an emphasis on adapting to the social needs of a changing environment, rather than merely achieving financial benefits.

This research focuses on validating the educational entrepreneurship model in Iranian universities and higher education institutions. The dimensions and components of the qualitative research in this study were investigated using a survey approach. The research community consisted of managers and experts from the entrepreneurship centers of the universities in Tehran. Using the Morgan and Krajcie table, a sample size of 256 people was determined. The sampling was then conducted using the available method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which underwent validity and reliability checks using content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively, with the assistance of SPSS software. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the data. Statistical analysis in this research was conducted using SPSS and LISREL software. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the model. The factor loading and T-test of 17 main categories were examined in the form of 6 dimensions of the paradigm model in the educational entrepreneurship model of universities, which comprises 108 subcategories. The results indicate that there is a favorable relationship between the observed variable and its component, as well as between the components and the factors dimension, in all 6 categories. Goodness-of-fit indices were examined for all six categories, and the results showed that the model has a good fit based on the acceptance range of each index. The results of this research show that the factors and components identified in the presented model of educational entrepreneurship in Iranian universities and higher education institutions have validity and meaningful relationships. This model can serve as an effective tool for developing and enhancing entrepreneurship education in these institutions.

The purpose of this study was to identify and select appropriate strategies for integrating green management (GM) activities in to the structure of Razi University using a mixed sequential exploratory method. Using critical case sampling method, 32 individuals were selected as statistical sample in qualitative phase of the research. The main technique in this phase was three-level coding process (open, axial, and selective coding) alongside “Content Validity Ratio” for refining identified codes. The final output of this section was to identify the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats ahead of the university to integrate GM in its structure. In the quantitative phase, the comprehensive framework of strategy development was used. A total of 250 staff and faculty members were selected using Cochran's formula and random stratified sampling method as a statistical sample in the quantitative phase (N = 965). The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (extracted from qualitative phase) which its validity and reliability were confirmed using “Content Validity Ratio” (CVR≥ 0.54) and “Cronbach's alpha coefficient” (α≥ 0.84). According to the steps of the “comprehensive strategy development framework”, after determining the strategic position of Razi University, eight strategies were identified for integrated GM in to the university operations. Hierarchical matrix wased used to idntify the best strategies for integrating GM in to Razi university straucturs according to criterions of time and cost, feasibility, compose operations, and educational and research programs. Findings showed that strategies of joining or membership of the university in one of the global green university evaluation systems and technology change are the most sensitive to GM; And by applying them, more tangible results can be achieved in the field of GM development in the university.

National defense universities around the world have developed a joint philosophy on the importance of strategic and comprehensive understanding of national defense and security for military section commanders and senior managers of the national sector. However, there is a lack of consensus in our country, particularly in the national sector, which has resulted in inappropriate strategic training for division commanders of the army, especially the managers of the national sector in the field of defense and national security. In this regard, a study was conducted to identify the missions of The Supreme National Defense University (SNDU) of Iran and the internal and external obstacles to the realization of these missions from the perspective of several experts in the Division of Army. For this research, a qualitative survey research strategy was adopted, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 experts related to SNDU to collect data. The researchers analyzed the data by thematic analysis method and drawing of thematic networks. The Trustworthiness of the findings was assessed using four criteria. Accordingly, the findings of the research reveal a network of themes consisting of a global theme, including the "strategic training of national high managers and army based on comprehensive defense and national security" as the fundamental mission of the university, and four organizing themes, including missions, mission domains, internal obstacles, and external challenges. The implications of this research show the necessity of focusing more on the defense and national security sectors, based on the fundamental mission and the various missions under it. Subsequently, it is necessary to revise the architecture of education, research, counseling, discourse building, and diplomacy. The study of internal and external challenges indicated that the SNDU has a long way to go to achieve social authority in its mission. Finally, the research presented a set of suggestions to shorten this path and facilitate and accelerate the fulfillment of the fundamental mission of SNDU and its missions.

Currently, geography education is done in the "fixed field of study course " method, the weaknesses of which are the uniformity of the teaching-learning environment and the tendency towards theoretical education. The purpose of this article is the feasibility of creating a new way of teaching geography under the title of "mobile field of study course" that can compensate for these weaknesses and become the brand of Farhangian University. In this study, the country of Iran is divided into 4 regions and it is suggested that undergraduate student-teachers spend each year of their education in one of these regions and conduct both theoretical and field studies in that region. In order to evaluate the feasibility of implementing this practical idea, a qualitative research method was used in the triangulation method. The statistical population includes student-teachers, professors, and managers of 8 girls' and boys' Branch of Farhangian University, who were teaching the geography department during the years 2018-2022. The statistical sample was selected using the non-probability snowball sampling method and the structured interview was continued until the data saturation stage with 18 student-teachers, 15 professors and 9 managers and qualitative analysis was done in the form of MAXQDA2008 software. Re-coding and participants' feedback have also been used to validate the data. Based on the findings of this study, increasing the educational efficiency and social growth of student-teachers is one of the most important opportunities and their family and transportation problems are one of the main obstacles in the way of implementing this plan. It is suggested that in parallel with the implementation of the current method, a course in the proposed method is also held and its results are compared