Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Jun 2024

Variability in antioxidant profiles, particularly within plant extracts like Justicia secunda and other plant extracts, presents a significant challenge for researchers striving to attain consistent and dependable outcomes in the realm of antioxidant profiling. This variability is predominantly attributed to the choice of solvents used during the extraction process. Our study delves deeply into the impact of solvent selection in the extraction process, revealing notable discrepancies in the antioxidant profiles of these plant extracts. This variation becomes evident through the diverse antioxidant potential observed across different solvents, emphasizing the pressing need for standardized methodologies to ensure research uniformity and reliability. Our review further explores the intricate interplay of diverse solvents employed during extraction procedures and their potential to induce variations in antioxidant profiles. It meticulously highlights the discernible fluctuations in antioxidant potential resulting from the use of different solvents, underscoring the imperative need for a systematic approach to research methodologies to guarantee consistent outcomes. The review concludes by presenting a forward-looking research agenda, including a comprehensive effort to identify and analyze specific antioxidant compounds within these extracts under various solvent conditions. Ultimately, our research seeks to enrich our understanding of the antioxidant properties and potential benefits associated with Justicia secunda. This review serves as an invaluable resource for researchers operating within this domain, spotlighting the pivotal role of solvent selection in antioxidant profiling and championing the cause of standardized methodologies to propel our knowledge forward in this area.

Natural gas holds significant importance as a prospective energy source for meeting growing energy demands in the future. Gas hydrates offer a solution for the transportation and storage of natural gas. Within the sphere of gas hydrate formation, both the kinetics and thermodynamics play crucial roles and directly impact the economic feasibility of the process. In our current study, we focus on examining one specific kinetic parameter related to hydrate formation: the methane hydrate volume fraction (HVF) produced within a stirred batch reactor operating at a speed of 10 rpm. Our experiments were done out in a double-walled reactor with a capacity of 169 cm3, maintaining a temperature of 275.15 K and a pressure of 7.5 MPa, utilizing a constant volume-constant temperature methodology. The experimental findings indicated that the utilization of SDS, noticeably, increases the amount of water to hydrate conversion, and the amount of combined volume of unreacted water and formed hydrate during hydrate growth. The addition of 350 ppm and 700 ppm SDS resulted in an increase in HVF by 491.2% and 495.7%, respectively, after 1 hour of hydrate growth.

Numerous transnational experimenters have strived to understand the medium of action or ameliorate the efficacy of inorganic collaboration composites that have been linked to parade anticancer exertion. The essential challenges of chemotherapy demand that new strategies be developed utilizing different mechanisms of action to intrude the cellular ministry of cancer cells. In Australia, we have served from the exploration of associates who have told ultramodern platinum chemistry by contributing to our understanding of platinum oxidation and reduction, the medium of action of cisplatin, and unique design strategies for new platinum complexes. The purpose of this review is to give some backgrounds on the history and development of platinum (II) and platinum (IV) complexes. AS an anticancer drug, Iproplatin has a similar function as cis-diamine-dichloro platinum (II) (Cisplatin), but its toxicity varies and is usually lower. In this research, a comparison of anticancer drugs was performed based on cisplatin and its use in the design of newer drugs to determine the comparative index for measuring the drug potency of this category of compounds. In addition, using theoretical calculations, the process of combining iproplatin with the bases of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine forming DNA and comparing it with cisplatin was investigated from the veiwpoint of thermodynamics and activation energy. The results showed that the complex between iproplatin and the organic bases of cytosine and thymine is the most stable state. This complex can be a suitable candidate for anticancer drugs based on the results obtained for each quantum chemical parameter from DFT computational studies. Substitution of either the coordinated chloride or aqua moeities was delved under mock first-order conditions as a function of attention and temperature. Experimental data were corroborated with DFT calculations. The kinetic and mechanistic study of the ligand negotiation responses of a series of transplatinum(II) complexes was performed.

Water is not only essential for life, but also it is life. Safeguarding this resource from heavy metals is good for our well-being. This research investigated heavy metals content and their potential health problems in some rivers across Anambra, Nigeria. The mean concentration of Zn was recorded as 0.03 mg/L which was lower than the limits set by the World Helth Organization (WHO) (3 mg/L), USEPA (5 mg/L), and EU (3 mg/L). Cu (0.003 mg/L) was also lower than limits set by the WHO (2 mg/L), USEPA (1.3 mg/L), and EU (2 mg/L). Fe (1.177 mg/L) was found higher than limits prescribed by the WHO (0.3 mg/L), USEPA (0.3 mg/L), and EU (0.2 mg/L). Cd (0.001 mg/L) was lower than limits set by the WHO (0.003 mg/L), USEPA (0.005 mg/L), and EU (0.005 mg/L). Pb (0.001 mg/L) was lower than limits set by the WHO (0.01 mg/L), USEPA (0.015 mg/L), and EU (0.01 mg/L). Lastly, As (0.01 mg/L) was equal to limits set by the WHO (0.01 mg/L), USEPA (0.01 mg/L), and EU (0.01 mg/L). The values for validation parameters are low indicating minimal variability and uncertainty in our measurements, signifying high precision in measuring instruments and the tested samples. The pH measurement of all the samples proved acidic. Based on the elevated values of iron (Fe) and arsenic (As) recorded in this study, regular monitoring and treatment of drinking water sources are essential to ensure compliance with regulatory limits and to provide iron and arsenic-free as well as the other metal-free drinking water to the public within the investigated location.

This study focused on the analysis of nine water samples from three selected rivers across three towns in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. These rivers are Antau River, Kotto River, and Loko River. The primary aim was to assess various physiochemical properties of these water samples, including pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, total organic Sulphur, total organic nitrogen (TON), and total organic carbon (TOC). Conventional methods were used to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of the water samples. The results from this research reveal that the water exhibits moderate alkalinity in some areas and moderate acidity in others, and it contains organic and ionizable substances. In addition, the analysis of pH (4.389), EC (398.1 µS/cm), TDS (424.7 mg/L), TOS (200.9 mg/L), TON (5.222 mg/L), and TOC (0.975 mg/L) falls within the recommended standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), with the exception of turbidity (0.7 NTU), which exceeds the recommended levels. Based on the findings of this study, it is advisable to continue using these three rivers, but regular monitoring is strongly recommended

The study aimed to optimize the corrosion inhibition performance of an extract from Pilliostigma thoningii stem bark on mild steel in 1M HCl environment using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimal inhibitor concentration, temperature, and reaction time were found to be 1.0 g/L, 333 K, and 1 hour, respectively, resulting in an inhibition efficiency of 93.75%. The inhibitor's efficacy was confirmed through various analytical methods, including SEM, FTIR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results suggest that the experimental and predicted data are in reasonable agreement, showing that the quadratic model was the fittest for optimizing the inhibition process. The study identified 33 compounds through GC-MS, with PT-1, PT-2, and PT-3 being the major compounds. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the effectiveness of the three selected inhibitor molecules, with PT3 being the most effective. The study concludes that Pilliostigma thoningii stem bark extract has the potential to be an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments.

This systematic review will evaluate the impact of administering dexmedetomidine during surgery on immediate and long-term pain outcomes after simple mastectomy. By synthesizing the available evidence, the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits of (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine in this specific surgical context and inform clinical practice.

An extensive exploration of electronic databases, specifically PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, was undertaken to pinpoint pertinent studies (during 2000-2023). The search methodology encompassed a fusion of medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and keywords pertinent to "dexmedetomidine," "mastectomy"," Simple Mastectomy" and "postoperative pain." The search was confined to studies available in the English language. Moreover, the reference lists of identified articles and conference proceedings underwent manual scrutiny to unearth any supplementary studies of relevance.

Regarding postoperative pain intensity, the majority of studies reported significantly lower pain scores in the (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine group compared to the control group at various time points during the immediate postoperative period(p˂0.05). (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine infusion was associated with reduced pain intensity(p˂0.05), both at rest and with movement(p˃0.05), indicating improved analgesia(p˂0.05).

Administering (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine during surgery for simple mastectomy may have a positive impact on immediate and long-term pain outcomes. (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole: dexmedetomidine infusion is associated with reduced postoperative pain intensity, decreased opioid consumption, prolonged duration of analgesia, and improved patient satisfaction.