نشریه پژوهش مدیریت آموزش کشاورزی
سال پانزدهم شماره 66 (پاییز 1402)

From the pas t to the present day, the necessary coordination and compatibility in the outputs of the educational sys tem with the needs of the labor market is one of the mos t important concerns of educational planners. The quantitative and qualitative development of higher education should be in accordance with the predetermined goals and in line with responding to skill and specialized needs according to the ability of the graduates. Mos t of the transformations that lead to economic, social and indus trial development in the country are the result of its scientific advances. Planning for the education and training of skilled and specialized personnel, especially at the university level, should provide and meet the specialized needs of the society and the labor market, while preventing unemployment and was tage of graduates. The unemployment crisis, especially among university graduates, is a threat to the entire society and will have irreparable consequences in various social, economic and political dimensions. One of the important missions of higher education is the development of human resources to meet the needs of society. In this regard, universities and agricultural higher education centers should plan according to the transformations and challenges in the agricultural sector. The balance of job needs and the quantitative and qualitative development of higher education plays a fundamental role in identifying the competencies needed by s tudents, especially in the agricultural sector, in order to obtain sus tainable jobs. In this analytical and documentary research with a qualitative view of a narrative type with a non-experimental model, the performance of higher education in horticulture trends was inves tigated. For this purpose, the admission s tatus of s tudents and graduates in horticulture fields during the years 2010-2021 was inves tigated. Then, to process and analyze the data extracted from ups tream documents and macro s trategies in the horticulture sector, the ratio density pattern in the qualitative view of human resources was used. In general, this research was based on a model in Aus tralia, which is one of the developed countries in terms of agriculture and horticulture, in this model, based on every 1000 hectares of orchard, one person with Ph.D, two with a Msc. , 4 with a BSc. , and 8 technicians will be needed. The results for three million hectares of orchard in the country showed that 3,000 Ph.D, 6,000 MSc. 12,000 BSc. and 24,000 technicians are needed in the horticulture sector, which was es timated based on the capacity of universities.

This research is a descriptive-analytical type of survey that inves tigated the factors influencing the adoption of rapeseed cultivation in Javanroud County, Kermanshah province. The s tatis tical population of this research included 194 rapeseed farmers of the city, of which 125 were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula by proportional assignment method and simple random sampling. In order to collect the desired data and information, in addition to in-depth documentary s tudies of the relevant literature, the main tool for collecting field data was a researcher-made ques tionnaire. which included two parts of individual characteris tics and the main part with regard to the purpose of the research, which was collected in 2022. The form validity of the research tool was done by subject experts in the university and its reliability calculation was also confirmed with the ordinal theta coefficient (θ = 0.83-0.91). The collected data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, correlation and ordinal regression and s tructural equation modeling in SPSS26 and Smart PLS4 software. The results of the factor analysis showed that the effective variables in the adoption of rapeseed cultivation can be summarized in 5 economic, educational-extension, agro-ecological-environmental, innovative and managerialorganizational factors respectively. These factors explained a total of 56% of the variance of variables affecting the acceptance of rapeseed cultivation The results of ordinal regression showed that agricultural-environmental and educational-extension factors had the greates t contribution in explaining the changes in the level of the dependent variable. Correlation coefficients showed a positive and significant relationship between the variables of the number of participants in educational-promotional classes and cultivation background with the dependent variable of the decision to accept rapeseed cultivation. The s tructural model showed that among the educationalextension factors, extension training class factors, educational-extension visits, local ins titutions and social networks, channels and mass media, and the skills of experts respectively, have had the greates t impact on the acceptance of rapeseed cultivation

The human resources of each country determine the socio-economic development process of that country. As a result, the optimal use of human resources of any country is considered as a strategicgoal of development. The low productivity of the labor force in the agricultural and natural resources sector is largely due to the lack of a serious and basic plan for inves tment, infras tructure reform and agricultural development in the country. There are other social reasons, which can be mentioned as the person's lack of interes t in the field, the lack of acceptance of rural life, the dis tance between theoretical and practical learning. The exis tence of this conflict in the large number of unemployed graduates of the agriculture and natural resources sector, on the one hand, and the lack of employment of these graduates in the relevant sector, on the other hand, shows the lack of proper planning and unders tanding in the decision-making bodies of different management levels in the country. The purpose of this research, which is a qualitative research of a narrative type with an analytical method and in terms of document data collection, with a non-experimental model, is to es timate the educated manpower of the country's natural resources sector. In order to achieve this goal, firs tly, the admission s tatus of s tudents and graduates in natural resources fields during the years 1389-1400 was inves tigated. Then, to process and analyze the extracted data, ups tream documents and macro s trategies in the natural resources sector of the country were used by the ratio density pattern method in our qualitative view with the opinion of the focal group members, required manpower and university educated people for the academic year 1402-1403. In this research, the required manpower for the academic year 1403-1404 was es timated at different times. The results of the data analysis show that there is a significant difference between the actual needs of the department and the composition of universities. Considering the immense development of agricultural and natural resources higher education centers in accordance with the increase in population in the 80s, the quantitative and qualitative organization of colleges and universities in the current situation can be one of the approaches faced by the Minis try of Science, Research and Technology>

The success of a cooperative company in the dynamic sector of agriculture requires hardware resources such as physical and financial capital as well as software capital, i.e. entrepreneurial capital. Therefore, entrepreneurial competencies are necessary for the stability and development of cooperative companies, and in this direction, the measurement of these competencies is important. Thus, the aim of this research is to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial competencies of cooperative members of Lorestan animal science graduates. The statistical population studied included 576 graduates of agricultural sciences who were members of the cooperative. The size of the sample was determined by using the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 230 people, and the random sampling method was used to accurately reach the people under study. To collect data, the standard questionnaire of Man (2001) was used. Based on the results, cooperative members are weak in strategic competence, while they have a better situation in terms of relationship competence. Also, the regression analysis results showed that the variables of professional factors, internship experience, and field of study are effective factors in the entrepreneurial competencies of cooperative members. Also, the regression analysis results showed that the variables of membership history in the cooperative, professional factors, internship experience, the field of study, environmental factors, and entrepreneurial experience are the factors affecting the entrepreneurial competencies of the cooperative members. Therefore, cooperative managers can revise cooperative goals and programs to create and strengthen entrepreneurial competencies among members by considering individual, professional, and environmental factors affecting members' competencies.

Currently, ICT has a tremendous impact on the efficiency of the educational system, and its usage is aimed at continuously training users in educational programs. The continuity of this education depends on the teachers' willingness to continue using ICT. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors that affect the utilization of ICT by educators in the winter of2022. To achieve this objective, the GETAMEL model was utilized to explain the factors that predict Jihad Agricultural Organization teachers' behavior. Within this model, the constructs of enjoyment, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and anxiety are external factors that influence the constructs of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of the TAM theory. The statistical population of this research was the experts of agricultural jihad of Fars province who were the instructors of training courses and were selected using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by the Ordinal theta coefficient (θ˃0.8). The data were analyzed using frequency, mean, SEM and, SPSS24 and, Smart-PLS3 software. The GETAMEL model successfully predicted 64% of the variance of ICT usage behavior. Additionally, the results indicated that perceived usefulness had a direct effect on self-efficacy, enjoyment, and subjective norms. Moreover, perceived ease of use directly influences subjective norms and inversely affects anxiety. The results of this research can be valuable in formulating policies to sustain educator's motivation to use ICT within agricultural education.

The purpose of the research was to formulate a model for teaching management skills to the Agricultural Extension Workers of production areas of Kermanshah province according to experts. In terms of practical purpose, this research was a documentary and field data collection method, which was conducted using a qualitative method, and the grounded theory based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was used. The statistical population was managers and researchers of the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kermanshah Province, who were selected purposefully and by snowball sampling method for qualitative interviews on the subject of the research, and 15 interviews were conducted with 15 people and up to the threshold of usefulness. To calculate the reliability of the interview, the within-subject agreement method of two coders was used, and the reliability between the two coders for the interviews examined in this research was 87.83%, which, considering that the reliability rate is more than 60%, the reliability of the codings was Confirmation. CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and CVI (Content Validity Index) were used to determining the degree of agreement and validity of each index from the experts’ point of view and the calculated values for them were 0.75 and 0.81, respectively. MAXQDA was used for data processing. The findings showed that the categories in the form of 14 categories in the form of six dimensions including causal factors (internal and external factors), main phenomenon, strategy (development of training programs, skill development) communication and practical training),

The duty of higher education centers is to train skilled workforce, produce science and interact with the surrounding society. Evaluating and presenting effective strategies can be a useful effort to achieve educational and research tasks for each faculty. This research was done in 2023. The purpose of this research is to prepare strategies for better guidance of education and research in the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Lorestan University. The statistical population was the faculty members of the aforementioned faculty (N=100), 22 of whom were purposefully selected. By conducting structured interviews, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the faculty were identified. Then, by designing the SWOT diagram, the desired strategies were identified and these strategies were compared and prioritized with the AHP technique. Prioritization of strategic areas, the results showed that the first strategy was based on the WT strategy, that is, the defense strategy (minimum-minimum). According to the results, the most important strategies, in order of importance, include "pursuing the faculty's independence and becoming a university", "competition of the faculty's laboratories with the university's central laboratory in order to receive orders from research centers" and "strengthening the faculty's relationship with executive organizations" For continuous sending of students" with coefficients of 0.334, 0.272 and 0.150. The implementation of each of the strategies obtained in this research can help the effective role of the faculty in achieving the goals of higher education.

Currently, there is a pressing need to develop entrepreneurship education approaches that foster experiential learning in higher agricultural education. In this study, our primary objective was to construct a comprehensive conceptual framework for student entrepreneurship using interpretive phenomenology. To gather data, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 30 participants. The findings resulted in the formation of four conceptual layers. The innermost layer aims to enhance and foster students' learning through entrepreneurship. It comprises seven conceptual propositions (conceptual identifiers) and ten conceptual labels (core themes). The second conceptual layer reflects the improvement in agricultural students' educational quality through their involvement in the entrepreneurial cycle during their education. It consists of 20 conceptual propositions and their corresponding conceptual labels. The third layer pertains to the individual achievements of student enterprise development. It includes 12 conceptual propositions and 19 conceptual labels. The final conceptual layer focuses on the academic development resulting from supporting student entrepreneurship. It emerged from the convergence of 19 conceptual propositions and 22 conceptual labels. Based on the conceptual model derived from the research findings, facilitating students' involvement in entrepreneurial and business activities within the university ecosystem has a positive impact on their learning outcomes. This improvement not only enhances the quality of education but also enriches their educational experience by providing them with diverse and valuable experiences. Enhancing teaching and promoting learning has significant benefits for both students (personal development) and the broader university community and society.