Health and Development Journal
Volume:11 Issue: 3, Summer 2022

Health recommendations to adopt health behaviors are implemented by the patient if they are internalized as beliefs in the patient’s mind and are expressed in their actions. This study investigated the effect of educational intervention based on health beliefs on the nutritional behaviors that prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in middle-aged women of Sarbaz city in 2021. This interventional research was a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical sample was 90 people, which were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 60) groups. Computer-generated random numbers were used for simple randomization of subjects. First, both groups were asked to answer the questionnaires, then training was provided to the intervention group, and finally, both groups were asked to answer the questionnaires again. The data was collected using the health belief, food frequency, and nutritional behavior questionnaire (FFQ). Analysis of variance, chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the educational intervention was effective in increasing the constructs of the health belief model that prevent CVDs (awareness, P = 0.001; susceptibility, P = 0.014; severity, P = 0.005; benefits, P = 0.020; barriers, P = 0.005; self-efficacy, P = 0.000). Also, the educational intervention improved nutritional behaviors that prevent CVDs (increased vegetable (P = 0.001), fruit (P = 0.001) consumption; reduced fat (P = 0.001), and sugar (P = 0.001) consumption). According to the findings, it can be said that increasing the awareness of middle-aged women about nutritional behaviors is a necessity to reduce the incidence of CVD risk factors.

COVID-19 has a range of manifestations among different patients. Knowing the various manifestations of COVID-19 could help in better managing the infection. This study aimed to investigate the ocular manifestations of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this study, 379 PCR-positive COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Afzalipour hospital, a tertiary care academic medical center in Kerman city, were recruited. Demographic variables (age and sex), history of systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension), systemic COVID-19 signs and symptoms (respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurologic, and sensory), and the severity of the disease were evaluated. Patients were asked about ophthalmic symptoms. If a patient had serious ocular complaints, such as ocular pain or vision loss, and needed specialized examination, an ophthalmologist examined the patient. The patients’ mean (standard deviation) age was 54.2 (15.8) years. Overall, 46 patients (12.1%, 95% confidence interval: 9.0–15.8) showed at least one ocular manifestation. The most common signs and symptoms among those with ocular manifestations were redness (n = 37, 80.4%), discharge (n = 35, 76.1%), lacrimation (n = 31, 67.4%), itching (n = 15, 32.6%), and dry eye sensation (n = 15, 32.6%). Ocular manifestations were more prevalent among those ≥ 60 years old, those with hospitalization days > 7 days, those with more severe respiratory system involvement, and diabetic patients. One out of eight COVID-19 inpatients showed at least one ocular manifestation. As tear and ocular secretions are considered a route for coronavirus transmission, it is essential to pay attention to the early detection of ocular manifestations.

Due to the ease of access, the use of mobile phones is increasing. Sleep is a basic necessity that constitutes almost a third of the human lifetime. This research was conducted to investigate the degree of dependence on mobile phone and its relationship with sleep quality among students of Bam University of Medical Sciences.

This was an analytical study conducted cross-sectionally in 2020 on 280 students of Bam University of Medical Sciences using a stratified sampling method. In this research, Jenaro et al’s Excessive Use of Cell Phone Questionnaire was used to measure degree of dependence on mobile phones, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality.

Of the 280 subjects in this research, 59.3% were female, and 95% were single. Regarding the field of study, the highest percentage belonged to medicine (9.28%) and the lowest to emergency medicine (1.02%). The average score for dependence on mobile phones was 2.07 ± 1.34, and the average sleep quality score was 1.34 ± 0.47. The average dependence on mobile phones was 2.11 + 0.346 among male students and 2.04 ± 0.255 among female students (P = 0.04). A statistically significant correlation was found between dependence on mobile phones and sleep quality (r=0.152) (P < 0.05).

The increase in the use of mobile phones leads to poor sleep quality. This relationship causes adverse effects on health, academic performance, energy, etc. Therefore, more attention from officials and policymakers is required for interventions such as increasing scientific, cultural, educational, recreational, and research programs.

A Green Hospital is a hospital that sees the environment as a part of its service quality processes and reduces environmental risks by applying effective measures in all dimensions, including management, water, energy, and waste. This study aimed to investigate the status of Green Hospital standards in the teaching hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences (UMSU). This descriptive study was conducted cross-sectionally on eight teaching hospitals associated with UMSU in 2022. The information collection tool was the Green Hospital Checklist, which consists of seven dimensions: energy, waste management, architecture, water, chemicals, supplies, and medicine. Data were collected through field observation and interviews with hospital executives. Descriptive statistics were used in SPSS 22 software for data analysis. According to the results, among the eight hospitals covered by UMSU, four hospitals in the energy consumption dimension, two hospitals in the architecture dimension, one hospital in the waste management dimension, six hospitals in the chemicals dimension, and five hospitals in the medicine consumption dimension met 50% or more of the Green Hospital standards. Regarding water conservation and purchasing supplies, no hospital met the Green Hospital standards. Only one hospital met more than 50% of the Green Hospital standards overall. Considering that the score obtained from the studied hospitals was lower than the desired level, identifying the challenges of achieving standards in implementing Green Hospital programs is paramount. Implementing these standards requires creating a green management team and planning for the seven studied variables.

Sports activity is one of the ways to improve lifestyle, and its beneficial effects on factors related to cardiovascular diseases have been well demonstrated. This study examines the effect of strenuous exercise in different age groups of wrestlers. This semi-experimental study was conducted on 21 wrestling champions of Golestan province in three age groups, including teenagers, young adults, and adults (7 people in each age group), using the availability sampling method. First, the anthropometric indices were measured, and then the lipid profile was determined before and after running on the treadmill until stagnation was achieved. To compare intra-group and inter-group averages, the paired t-test was used in dependent variables, and one-way analysis of variance statistical test was used in independent variables, and the results of lipid profile and blood lipid factors were analyzed at a significance level of P < 0.05. The studied wrestlers had no significant differences in terms of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) indices before and after the implementation of the training protocol. However, the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased by 25% in adults compared to young adults. However, intra-group and inter-group changes in TG (P = 0.785), TC (P = 0.780), LDL (P = 0.551), and HDL (P = 0.180) were not statistically significant in any of the three groups. According to the effect of an intense resistance training session on the lipid profile in this research, to have a greater effect on training and body adaptation, it is possible to look for exercises that have the three characteristics of regularity, continuity, and moderate intensity.

One of the problems in the way to success is behaviors within the framework of imposter syndrome (IS). The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on self-efficacy, burnout, and perfectionism of employees with IS. This randomized trial employed a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of employees from private offices in five districts of Tehran in 2019. The study participants were comprised of 40 employees who were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The data collection tools included questionnaires on IS, general self-efficacy, job burnout, and perfectionism. While the control group received no intervention, the experimental group underwent ten 90-minute schema therapy sessions. The data obtained were ultimately analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance via SPSS 24. According to the findings, schema therapy significantly increased self-efficacy (P < 0.01, F = 37.73) and decreased emotional exhaustion (P < 0.01, F = 30.08), depersonalization (P < 0.01, F = 71.63), low personal accomplishment (P < 0.01, F = 65.58), self-oriented perfectionism (P < 0.01, F = 44.28), other-oriented perfectionism (P < 0.01, F = 57.36), and society-oriented perfectionism (P < 0.01, F = 50.46) among employees with IS (P < 0.001). Considering that employees’ performance and progress are of special importance to office managers, examining the psychological dimensions of employees to reduce IS and strengthen the sense of self-efficacy is of great importance.

Delinquency is one of the social phenomena that currently besets societies and imposes heavy expenses on them annually. This study aimed to study the relationship between delinquency based on conduct disorder and character type with the mediating role of moral intelligence in the adolescents of Kerman City Correctional Center. This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population included 66 adolescents from Kerman City Correctional Center, selected using random sampling. The research tools included a Conduct Disorder Questionnaire (CDQ), a character-type questionnaire (Hans Eysenck, 1963), and a moral intelligence questionnaire (Link & Keil, 2005). Data were analyzed using SPSS 28, Smart PLS3, the Parson correlation coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis. There was a direct and significant relationship between moral intelligence and character types (path coefficient (PC) = 1.502, T = 2.096, P < 0.05), between conduct disorder and moral intelligence (PC = 0.996, T = 1173.19, P < 0.01), and between moral intelligence and character types (PC = 1.502, T = 2.096, P < 0.05) of the delinquent adolescents. There was also an indirect significant relation between conduct disorder based on character types and ethical intelligence mediation (PC = -1.495, T = 2.095, P < 0.05). We can impact the relationship between conduct disorder and character type by increasing moral intelligence to reduce conduct disorder, neuroticism, and psychosis in delinquent adolescents.

Lifestyle changes and, consequently, changes in dietary habits have led people, especially young people, to consume more processed and fast food. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude, and practice of fast-food consumption among medical sciences students in Rafsanjan, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected using a researcher-designed self-reported questionnaire, which was distributed among 350 medical sciences students in Rafsanjan, Iran, selected by stratified random sampling from 2019 to 2020. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were confirmed before commencement. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. The results showed that university students had above-moderate knowledge (39.7 ± 0.55) and positive attitudes (60.52 ± 0.43) about fast food consumption. The mean number of times students consumed fast food in the past month was 12.41 ± 0.46. There was a statistically significant and positive correlation between attitude and practice. Also, knowledge had a significant inverse correlation with attitude and practice. The level of women’s knowledge was significantly higher (P = 0.001) than men’s knowledge, and the knowledge score of dental and medical students was significantly higher (P = 0.04) than that of students from other schools. The men’s attitude score was significantly higher (P = 0.04) than the women’s. Appropriate interventions should be implemented to improve students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning fast food consumption. Food labeling, teaching healthy cooking and preparation, time management, improving university meal programs, and opening affordable, healthy on-campus restaurants are recommended.