Journal of Basic and Clinical Veterinary Medicine
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Dec 2023

Asthma is a lung disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, mucus secretion, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), and airway obstruction. AHR is a crucial factor in asthma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a regulatory effect on the immune response and may be useful in treating asthma. MSCs have low immunogenicity and are considered safe for application. Additionally, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of MSCs on controlling AHR in an asthma model. MSCs were isolated and used to treat asthmatic male BALB/c mice. To produce an animal model of asthma, the mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. On days 30 and 40, to measure AHR, a Methacholine challenge test was performed to determine the Penh value. AHR was recorded and analyzed. Treatment of asthmatic mice with MSCs resulted in a significant difference (p<0.05) in controlling AHR during the MCh challenge test. MSCs are almost non-immunogenic and can be used to treat asthma and control AHR. The use of MSCs as an anti-asthma treatment presents a new and applicable strategy for controlling AHR in asthma.

Salinomycin (SLM) is an ionophore antibiotic used extensively in the poultry industry for the control and prevention of coccidiosis. The toxicity of the ionophore is thought to be due to oxidative damage caused by the production of free radicals. Curcumin is a major component of turmeric, which has a wide range of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanocurcumin (NC) as a natural antioxidant on broiler chickens poisoned with a toxic dose of SLM. In this study, 60 broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group was considered as control. The second group received SLM at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received oral doses of NC at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days in addition to SLM. After 14 days, blood and kidney tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. It was observed that NC reduced the incidence and severity of renal histopathological lesions. The highest levels of inflammatory cells were observed in the cortex and medulla of the SLM group and it appeared that treatment with NC improved the condition and reduced the presence of inflammatory cells. It also significantly improved renal histomorphometric parameters (P<0.05). It seemed that SLM-induced adverse conditions can be reversed by oral administration of NC.

The maltose disaccharide is easily converted into two glucose molecules during cellular glycolysis and is an energy source for sperm motility. To evaluate the effect of maltose on the kinetics of water buffalo epididymal sperm, 10 pairs of buffalo bull testicles, after the usual industrial slaughter, were transported to the laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in a polystyrene box at a temperature of 5o to 8o Celsius. In the laboratory, after fixing the tail of the epididymis with two fingers, several incisions were made in noncapillary zones. After the milky liquid containing concentrated spermatozoa was extracted, this liquid was transferred to an Eppendorf cell culture medium containing 10% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Five levels of maltose sugar (1, 3, 5, 10, 15 mM) were added to the Eppendorf containing 1 ml culture medium and 30-40 million sperm with 10% BSA and incubated at 37o C for 24 hours. Sperm kinetics were assessed at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Statistical analysis showed that CASA data such as rapid progressive motility (class A, %), progressive motility (class B, %), viability (class A+B+C, %), straight-line velocity (VSL, µm/s), curvilinear velocity (VCL, µm/s), average path velocity (VAP, µm/s) and lateral head amplitude (ALH, µm) at 24 hrs were higher in the maltose group than in the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that maltose has a desirable effect on buffalo epididymal spermatozoa and maltose may act as an energy substrate for sperm motility.

Canine demodicosis is an inflammatory parasitic skin disease caused by an increasing population of Demodex spp. mite. Thus, there will be an urgent need for effective, safe, and available treatment for demodicosis. This study aimed to evaluate the activity of Carvacrol %5, Amitraz %0.05, and Carvacrol-Amitraz combination on killing Demodex canis mites after topical pour-on use and analyzing the improvement in associated dermatologic signs. Fifteen dogs with naturally acquired generalized demodicosis were randomly allocated to 3 equal study groups. The dogs were selected from the animal shelter in Mazandaran province. Treatment groups included a pour-on solution of 50 ml of Carvacrol %5, 50 ml of Amitraz %0.05, and the combined Carvacrol and Amitraz 1:1 mixture at the same concentrations. Evaluation of clinical factors consisted of mite count by skin scraping, hair re-growth, comedones, erythema, crusts, and scales during seven-day intervals over four weeks. Mite counts significantly decreased in all groups during the study, especially in Carvacrol %5 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between Amitraz and Carvacrol-Amitraz on days 14, 21, and 28 (p>0.05). The highest decrease in mite population was associated with Carvacrol %5 from day 14 up to %90 in demodicosis treatment. This clinical field study demonstrated that pour-on administration of Carvacrol %5 is highly effective in the reduction of mite numbers and improvement in associated dermatologic signs of demodicosis

This study aimed to evaluate the level of active matter in oxytetracycline stored under different conditions. Analyzing the active matter content of the drug was performed in its original packaging and in opened packages that were stored at room temperature, in the dark, and in the refrigerator for varying periods. Oxytetracycline was used for each preparation, and the active matter quantities were analyzed after 3, 6, and 9 months using HPLC. Additionally, considering the drug's life cycle, the opened packages were also analyzed at 24 and 48 hours. Results for the drug, which contained oxytetracycline (traditional) and was stored in a normal temperature room, were respectively: (6.14 ± 0.32, 6.50 ± 0.19), (5.58 ± 0.00, 6.38 ± 0.20), and (6.08 ± 0.10, 6.45 ± 0.32) ppm. Also, the results for the drug kept in the dark and a newly unwrapped drug were respectively: (6.29 ± 0.27, 6.37 ± 0.34), (5.30 ± 0.04, 6.30 ± 0.17), and (5.97 ± 0.13, 5.86 ± 0.06) ppm. Finally, the results for the drug kept in the refrigerator and a newly unwrapped drug were respectively: (7.55 ± 0.15, 7.48 ± 0.11), (5.36 ± 0.05, 5.81 ± 0.20), and (6.06 ± 0.36, 5.72 ± 0.07) ppm. Altogether, the results indicated that several external factors, such as heat, light, humidity, and oxygen, significantly impacted drug stability. Additionally, internal factors such as the internal reaction of the active ingredient, preservatives, and solvents influenced stability. Therefore, these various factors collectively affect the half-life of oxytetracycline.

A sixteen-month-old male Ghadrejani dog was referred to the veterinary clinic with a swelling mass on the first finger of the right hand. Clinical examination revealed swelling, erythema and alopecia with ulceration. CBC, radiographs of the affected area and chest, and regional lymph node examination were reported as normal. Histopathological examination revealed a subcutaneous, multilobular, unencapsulated but well-circumscribed tumor with a fingerprint pattern of spindle cells arranged around a central capillary. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the neoplastic cells expressed vimentin and did not express α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and S100 protein. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as canine hemangiopericytoma (CHP). This is the first report of CHP in a young indigenous Ghadrejani dog. This report demonstrates that not only can CHP occur in young dogs, but that differentiation from other soft tissue sarcomas requires not only histopathological findings but also immunohistochemical examination.