نشریه شبهه پژوهی مطالعات قرآنی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 7، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

revelation is a theological , interpretive , and philosophical subject and one of the most fundamental religious teachings is considered . ~~~ the present study criticizes the principles of knowledge of revelation as an agent of intellectual flow .the teachings of the qur ' an on the nature of the quranic revelation , the wisdom of knowing the quranic revelation and its religious experience , based on the qur ' anic revelation and its gradual decay with the historicity of revelation and its continuation with the historicity of quranic scholars , criticism and the nature of quranic revelation , the absence of it in the time and place of the revelation and the knowledge of the quranic revelation , is proved .in the quran and the miracle in eloquence and eloquence , the existence of the prophet and those verses that reveal the revelation of the quran by god revealed that the words of the quran be revealed .

The virtue of the Ahl al-Bayt is taken from numerous verses in the Qur'an, including the eighth verse of Surah Al-Insan. The Republic of Shiite commentators knows the reason for its revelation about the Ahl al-Bayt: but the Sunni commentators are not in agreement on this issue, some agree with the Shiite commentators on the reason for its revelation, They do not reject the verse and some of them look at it with denial. Qurtubi is one of those deniers who has based his denial on the suspicion of Tirmidhi. This article has criticized the suspicions of al-Tirmidhi and his arrogance in the form of two kinds of violations and dissent, and the suspicion of Mecca and civilization of the surah. As a result, the doubts mentioned in the holy verse have been rejected and the way of proof has caused its revelation. 

One of the theological topics that has always been of interest to Muslim Quran scholars and has been specially analyzed and studied in recent years is "pluralism" or "religious pluralism". Some contemporary religious modernists, such as Abdul Karim Soroush, have cited some verses of the Holy Qur'an in which the straight path is mentioned in indefinite form, and have considered it as a reason for the multiplicity of the straight path and have claimed religious pluralism. Among the verses that have been cited are: “Indeed, you are on a straight path” (Zukhruf / 43), ”on a straight path” (Yasin / 4), “and guided him to a straight path” (Fath / 2), “and guides you to a straight path” (Nahl / 121) which in the first three verses, guidance on the straight path, is related to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and in the fourth verse, is related to the prophet Ibrahim (AS).The approach of the present article, which is organized by descriptive-analytical method, using the opinions of Quranic commentators and thinkers, especially Allameh Tabatabai, considers the mentioned verses as a reason for regarding, valuing and respecting to the straight path and rejects the citation of these verses on religious pluralism. The path to happiness and the religion of truth is considered to be the religion of Islam, which solely contains the Straight Path.

The book "Critique of the Quran" written by Dr. Soha has been published in cyberspace in recent years. The author of the book is unknown, then again it’s unknown whether he is a person or a group, Muslim or non-Muslim. In any case, according to the author or authors, there are certain doubts in the Qur'an. This highlights the need to pay attention to the critique of this book. In the meantime, more than a case-by-case response to doubts, it is necessary to identify and critique the intellectual foundations of the author or authors of this book that form the foundations of doubts. In this research, by the method of qualitative content analysis with a conventional approach, the hidden or invisible themes indicating the intellectual foundations that form doubts are revealed. The research findings show7  categories of using unreliable sources, imposing personal views, proposing blasphemous beliefs, denying the principles of belief, scientism and scientific expansionism, not providing scientific and sound documents and not being familiar with the rules of the Qur'anic sciences and its interpretation are the result of a combination of 14 concepts. These concepts resulted from signs. Then from the connection of signs, concepts and categories, the main themes, ie interpretation by personal opinion, the apostasy of the author, the formal rationality of the modern world and the lack of scientific standards of interpretation are obtained. Many doubts can be answered jointly by referring to the obtained categories and themes.

The Holy Qur'an, in addition to several verses, speaks of the immunity of the Prophets (peace be upon them) and especially the Holy Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him), of committing sins, mistakes, slips and forgetfulness, and commands absolute obedience to them; The same obedience that exposes the infallibility of the great prophets (peace be upon them) and considers their sacred status free from any immorality and impureness. However, from the research on the written heritage of Sunni narrators, historians and commentators, we come across narrations about the personality, affairs and authorities of the divine prophets (peace be upon them) whose content and nature are in clear contradiction with the texts of the Holy Quran. This hadiths, which attribute ridiculous and indecent accusations to the holy site of those Imams, unfortunately, is also documented by Sunni theological views and beliefs, thus have changed their attitudes and beliefs towards the various dimensions of the personality and characteristics of the Prophets, including the dear Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his family). The idea of ​​non-Shiite scholars about the infallibility of the prophets (peace be upon them) is also among the feathers who have been no exception to this issue; Accordingly, the author in this article, considering the importance of the issue of infallibility of the prophets and explaining the truth and its scope, while applying the views and opinions of followers of different Sunni sects about the infallibility of the prophets in general and the infallibility of the Holy Prophet of Islam and his pure progeny which has specifically criticized the texts of the Holy Quran.

Worship of God is the main philosophy of human life and the call to monotheism and worship of Allah, which is one of the instinctual and natural needs of man, has always been the headline of the mission of all prophets and preachers of God and all religions and Islamic sects agree that worship is only for God. However, the Begging-like behavior of some Muslims, such as the Shiites who call upon the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and other saints, or humiliate and humble themselves in front of their graves, has been severely criticized by Mohammad Rashid Rida in his commentary of Al-Manar. While the general Muslims have always acted in this way throughout history, not only in belief, but in their behavior. This research was conducted with the library method and analytical and comparative approach of Allameh Tabatabai and Rashid Rida, with the aim of achieving the correct point of view from the Quran’s perspective and removing the accusation against Shiites in worshiping saints and polytheism in worshiping the one God. By examining the basic concepts, especially the concept of worship and prayer in dictionaries and their Qur'anic applications, it became clear that the examples of supplication and worship to non-Allah, which have been criticized by Rashid Rida, are not only away from polytheism but in the direction of monotheism and worship of Allah.