نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه ناحیه ای
سال بیست و یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 44، پاییز 1402)

An important part of the economic activities of the village is home businesses. Entrepreneurship in this field of home businesses and the use of natural and man-made capacities depend on the provision of drivers. This research was conducted in order to study the human drivers of home business entrepreneurship and their impact on sustainable development in the villages of Jarqouye Vosta. The data collection method of this descriptive-analytical study was documentary-survey methods. WASPAS technique showed that different dimensions of human motivation in Peikan village (Qi = 0.11 in this village) had the greatest impact on the process of entrepreneurship development in the field of home businesses. Based on the indicators of diversification of local employment, diversification of household income, resource management, risk tolerance, creativity and foresight, and with the help of the CODAS technique, the impacts of entrepreneurship on the development of sustainable rural home businesses were measured. The results showed that the impact of entrepreneurship on the development of rural home businesses in Habib Abad and Peikan villages was more than the impact on other villages of the Jarqouye Vosta. Finally, by using ARAS technique, the level of sustainability of the villages of Jarqouye Vosta was measured regarding environmental, economic, social and institutional dimensions. The Ki measure showed Habib Abad and Peikan villages ranked first among other villages of the studied region in terms of sustainability.

The main purpose of this study was examining the ways of making assets productive in suburban areas with the facilitation of municipalities that are responsible for city administration. So, the implications of empowerment, microcredit, tenure security and formalization of assets were studied in Farahzad neiborhood as a case study. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and SWOT analysis to develop strategies, policies, and executive actions. The findings showed that informal settlements, low skills, and informal employment are the main obstacles of making residents’ assets productive in suburban areas. Therefore, the following solutions are suggested: 99-year endowment of land; The development of various businesses with the priority of restaurants and entertainment centers, considering that there are suitable conditions for tourism in the neighborhood; Creating sales support markets due to the existence of urban land for the development and support of professional businesses; Using the potential of charitable institutions, NGOs, and local institutions for training jobs, forming job cooperatives; Building trust and raising awareness about micro-lending processes; Renting on the condition of acquiring business equipment to remove the threat of misuse of microloans. The necessity of the role of the municipalities as facilitating institutions is that on the one hand this institution lacks enough financial ability for maximum intervention, and on the other hand, new approaches see top-down intervention of public institutions as incorrect solution and the socio-economic participation of the residents necessary for the regeneration and empowerment.

Tourism is among the most significant means for doing social and economic changes in developing countries. The development of tourism is so important for those developing countries grappling with high unemployment rates, limited foreign exchange reserves, and a mono-product economy. The climate and geological diversity of Damghan along with being posited along Iran’s primary commercial route have created a significant opportunity for its development. This research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. The Brilha method was used to evaluate the geotourism potential of the region. The Brilha model evaluates the geotourism significance of a given region considering their scientific capacity, educational tourism potential, and destructibility risk. The results showed that in terms of scientific capacity, the layers with Trilobite and Cheshmeh Ali have the highest rank with scores of 170 and 250, respectively. In terms of educational tourism potentials, the Astaneh fault and Cheshmeh Ali rank at the top with 295 and 325 scores, respectively. Regarding their degradability risk, the layers with Trilobite and Somayeh Kouh are randed the highest with a score of 320. The results showed that despite the considerable capacity of the studied region as a tourism attraction site and in terms of geo-tourism, only the Cheshmeh Ali geosite is good to tourists. Other geosites have not been welcomed due to being relatively unknown, insufficient marketing, mismanagement, or lack of infrastructure. Therefore, the development of the region as an attraction site depends on careful planning and investment.

The theories of urban planning in the 20th century were mainly physical-oriented and failed due to the lack of public participation. In response to this issue, the concept of citizen participation in public decision-making was introduced by planners. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of communication planning in realizing the participation of local communities in Moradabad neighborhood of Chabahar. The data of this descriptive-analytical research were collected using library-documentary methods and field studies (questionnaire and interview). The statistical population of this research consists of the residents of Moradabad neighborhood. The participants were selected using Cochran's formula to complete the 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, one-sample t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used (applying SPSS and ArcGIS software to generate the map). The results of the social participation indicators for the social trust indicator recorded an average of 3.15 (higher than the mean), and the average of effort participation indicator was 3.35, the average of social connection was 3.2, the average of social belonging was 4.1 for the significance level of less than 0.05. The results show that the participation of people and residents in transforming the neighborhood into more livable conditions has had a significant impact. Therefore, since the total of the scales was at a significance level of less than 0.05 and the total average value was 3.43, the final result of this research show a significant relationship between communication planning and social participation in Moradabad neighborhood of Chabahar.

Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration of Pasture Plants using SEBAL Algorithm (Case Study: Ahar County)Abstract The present study was an attempt to calculate the actual evapotranspiration rate of thyme, mint, and alfalfa pastures using the SEBAL method in the Ahar region, which is located south of Arsbaran forests and has numerous pastures of different species. For this purpose, 6 Landsat 8 satellite images were used between 2017 and 2020, which were in the initial and final periods of growth. The results were compared with the Penman-Monteith method. The results indicated that, based on the SEBAL method, the mint crop had the lowest rate of evapotranspiration in the initial period of crop growth on 2021/5/29, with a numerical value of 2.84 mm per day, and the alfalfa crop also in the initial crop growth period on 2019/6/11 has the highest rate of evapotranspiration with a numerical value of 3.49 mm per day. Additionally, in the final period of growth in the SEBAL method, the mint crop on 2018/8/28 had the lowest rate of evapotranspiration with a numerical value of 6.18 mm per day. Also, the thyme crop had the highest evapotranspiration rate in the final product growth period on 2022/7/19, with a numerical value of 7.41 mm per day. Finally, based on the comparisons made between the studied methods in the initial and final periods of growth in terms of squared mean error, mean absolute deviation, and coefficient of determination, it can be concluded that the SEBAL method compared to the Penman-Monteith method has an error rate with RMSE of 0.717, MAD of 0.658, and the coefficient of determination of 0.84 mm per day, which is acceptable.Keywords: Evapotranspiration, SEBAL, Pasture, Water requirement, Ahar County

One of the inevitable consequences of the ever-increasing growth of the world’s population is the expansion of urbanization. So, it is very important to provide a vision of the spatial development of cities with the aim of understanding the correct pattern of city growth and providing the necessary infrastructure. Since Qom metropolis faced urban growth and has recorded 95% urbanization, this research focused on the spatial development of urban lands around this metropolis. First, the land use/cover and the urban growth merit maps were produced. Land use/ land cover maps of the region for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 were produced using the random forest method in the Google Earth Engine, and the urban growth merit map for the years 2000 and 2010 was produced using MCDM analyses based on GIS. Finally, based on the ANN-CA-Markov and SVM-CA-Markov algorithms, 2020’s land use/cover maps were simulated. The validation of the models showed that the SVM-CA-Markov algorithm with the ROC (0.96) was more accurate and was chosen as the optimal algorithm for modeling the horizon of 2040. The results indicate the increasing spatial development of this metropolis. The area of urban land in this region will increase from 139.62 square kilometers in 2020 to more than 183 square kilometers in 2040. The evaluation of the results can help the relevant managers in order to take necessary policies to manage the situation as best as possible. This importance can be realized through planning for the regular development of the road network, the expansion of urban green spaces, etc. official organizations and local officials should have a purposeful monitoring of this issue, while having full control over the development directions of this metropolis.

The main purpose of this study was to compile scenarios for the water crisis in Taibad city. A descriptive-analytical method was used for this study. Seventy-one indicators formulated in the form of 3 main components (management, economic-technical, and geographical-natural components) using library studies and interviews with experts. MICMAC and Scenario Wizard were used for data analysis. The results showed that the key drivers that impact on the water crisis in Taibad city are excessive consumption of water resources in the agricultural sector, inefficient management of water resources, attempts at inappropriate development (measures aimed at unsustainable development), excessive withdrawal from underground aquifers, lack of attention to the water crisis in development plans, and climate change. In line with the key drivers and possible situations, the output of the scenario wizard software in the form of five strong and probable scenarios showed that out of the 18 situations governing the scenario page, the situations that describe the water crisis scenarios in Taibad city as critical are the most possible situations, taking 38.88% of the situations governing the scenario page. Using the results of the research, three groups of scenarios were formulated: The most likely scenario (critical scenario), the scenario with slow changes (continuation of the current trend), and the weakest scenario (ideal scenario). Therefore, the situation facing the water crisis in Taibad city is critical. Forecasting the future of developments related to the water crisis from the point of view of futures research requires addressing governmental management and economic policies and national-local agents in the optimal management of water resources and controlling the repercussions of the crisis.