نشریه مطالعات مهدوی
پیاپی 56 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

Humans have long sought to implement justice in all its dimensions, and of course this has not been achieved hundred percent. However, it is hoped that this wish will be realized according to the religious texts in the government of Imam Mahdi. This is a topic that has been addressed by researchers; however, the final part of the features of Mahdavi's judgment has been neglected. Therefore, we are faced with this question: "What are the basic characteristics of judicial justice from the perspective of Islam and in the government of Imam Mahdi?" It seems that these features have fundamental differences in both quantitative and qualitative aspects in the emerging political systems and in the Mahdavi system. The purpose of this article is to show the necessity of achieving judicial justice in the Mahdavi government in the light of the investigating of its judicial characteristics. This article pursues such a goal with a descriptive-analytical method. From the results of this article, there is an explanation of judicial features in the Mahdavi government, such as "meritorious judicial system", "judgment without witnesses" and "information development in the Mahdavi government", which are implemented by Imam Mahdi, Prophet Jesus and pious judges.

One of the pillars of Mahdism's discussion is "Occultation" and the most important components of the occultation is "the reason of its occurance". Therefore, the result of a precise understanding of the reason for the occultation, correct orientation and movement in order to solve it and lay the groundwork for the appearance. One of the reasons behind the disappearance of the twelfth Imam, which has received less attention, is the lack of enough companions. Considering that these companions - with the characteristics stated in the Hadiths - must be among the people of the time, understanding the extent of the influence of their readiness, firstly, in the occurrence of the occultation and secondly, in the realization of the Imam's appearance, causes movement, dynamism and the role of the real followers in the removal of occultation and the formation of the advent process.This research with a descriptive-analytical method, considering these two presuppositions: 1. The temporal nature of the occultation, 2. Characterization and separation between the cause, wisdom and purpose of the occultation, it has investigated the traditions of Imams in this field. What the analysis of existing narratives in this field yields, is that there are reasons for the occultation of the twelfth Imam, and one of the most important reasons for the Imam's disappearance can be found out in an important point as the lack of proper and enough helpers.

The Almighty God sent the Prophets to educate and train people, so that under the shadow of their education, humanity can reach the peak of perfection. This flow has begun from the beginning of creation and continues until the end; But along this path, some causes and factors such as ignorance, neglect, silence or ingratitude of the people, led to some bad changes; in a way that the last infallible Imam disappeared from the sight. The occultation, by creating a sense of need for the Imam, will in some ways lead to the training of people and will bring them to a level where they are ready to accept the divine guardian to ending the occultation. Hence, it is very important to identify the educational effects of the occultation in order to accept them.This research is organized with a descriptive-analytical and library method. In this research, after the conceptology, the educational effects of occultation have been discussed in the personal and social aspects in the verses and Hadiths.  The results of theresearch are: training effects of the occultation in the individual dimension: 1. Self-development and individual preparation; 2. Remembering the Imam; 3. Seeking justice; 4. Praying for hastening the advent; 5. Observing piety and avoidance of sin; 6. Ordering and planning; 7. Basic theology. The training effects of the occultation in the social dimension include: 1. Standing against oppression and seeking reformation; 2. Preparation and Jihad; 3. Reviving hope for the future; 4. Trying to establish an Islamic government; 5. Kindness and benevolence 6. self-sacrifice; 7. insight and knowledge.

"Mahdism" is one of the common points between the majority of Islamic sects and denominations; However, despite the consensus on Mahdism, the attitude and approach of each sect is different from the other and they have given different definitions. "Zaydiyyah" is one of the first Islamic sects derived from the Shia thought, whose basis is the negation of any oppression and the extension of justice, and one of their fundamental ideas in determining the Imam is "standing up with sword"; In such a way that despite the belief in the divine text and installation in determining the Imam and even using the special Mahdavi traditions in this context; - It is considered one of the signs of the Imam in Zaydism.  However, the position of Mahdism as it is necessary, it is not prominent in Zaydiyyah, and it has a secondary role in the discussion of the formation of the government, and the originality is by negating oppression under the leadership of a Fatimid individual in an unclear way. Therefore, the present essay analyzes and investigates the role of Mahdism in the formation of the theory of "Rebellion with the sword" from the perspective of Zaydiyyah. The method in this article is descriptive-analytical data processing and collecting library information.

One of the famous and influential places on the apocalyptic events that is mentioned in the religious texts of monotheistic religions and has great importance is the ancient city of "Jerusalem" which is introduced as "Bayt Al-Maqdis" in the traditions. This city is mostly mentioned in Christian and Jewish sources, and throughout history because of its very sensitive location and the existence of very holy places such as Jerusalem, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Dome of the Rock, Temple of Jerusalem, Solomon's Temple, and the Wall of Nudbah, which all three monotheistic religions of Islam, Christianity, and Jews claim to own it, has been a position of conflict between religions and countries and has seen wars throughout history. This article deals with the importance of this city and its apocalyptic developments with a descriptive-analytical method.

The lands of "Shām" and "Bāb-e Ludd" are among the places that have a special position and influence on the developments of the End of Time and the advent of the last divine proof, Imam Mahdi.  In religious texts, the role and position of these two places are mentioned numerously in the events of the appearance era, and many traditions have been mentioned in this regard. These two places are among the historical and ancient places of the world, and they are very important due to their historical and cultural position and sensitive and strategic location, for this reason, they have been a place of conflict between different powers and countries throughout history, and many countries have been seeking to conquer and dominate these regions. Perhaps the thing that differentiates these two cities from other influential cities in the emergence of the event is the occurrence of seditions and many conflicts at the threshold and after the Appearance in these two regions, which are interpreted by the word "al-Fiṭan" (seditions).According to the Hadiths, the city of Ludd is the place where Jesus will descend and the Dajjāl be killed; also the city of Sham is the place of the apocalyptic wars and severe conflicts and the Sufyani rebellion and important events after this rebellion. This article introduces these two important and influential cities with a descriptive-analytical method while examining the importance and status of these two cities, it also describes the apocalyptic events related to these two places, according to the relevant Hadiths.