فصلنامه بیمه و کشاورزی
سال دوازدهم شماره 46 (زمستان 1394)

In this study, the risk of wheat production in Kerman is compared with thatof the other provinces. The results indicate that wheat production in Kermanis a more risky activity relative to the five provinces with the highest yieldsin Iran. However, this province is less risky compared with the provinceswith lower yield relative to Kerman.

The main objectives of this study were to investigate the parameters affecting farmers’willingness to pay for insurance premiums using direct and indirect estimationmethods. Socioeconomical factors and farmers’ participation percentage in theinsurance scheme were investigated. Expected utility function was used in the indirectestimation method. Also a reasonably fair insurance premium was defined. Usingrandom sampling method, primary data were collected from a sample of 150 wheatgrowers of Marvdasht region by questionnaires in the 1392-3 crop year. Secondarydata were obtained using various sources such as the annual agricultural and statisticalreports, the Agricultural Jihad Ministry official website as well as AgriculturalInsurance Fund. The Results demonstrated that, insured farmers had higher averageincomes and also lower income variations. This led to a higher marginal utility in thisgroup. Moreover, the average willingness to pay insurance premiums was higher usingthe indirect estimation method. This highlights the importance of considering factorssuch as farmers’ preferences and their attitudes' to risk when calculating insurancepremiums. Overall results showed that, farmers are willing to pay higher premiumswhen they are fully informed about the advantages of having an insurance policy andare also guaranteed a fast and easy claiming process whenever is needed

The Crop insurance, is one of the new solutions for copping the risks in agriculturalactivities and thus reduceing income fluctuations, should be taken into consideration.In this study factors affecting adoption of Potatoes insurance in Namin city aredesignated by using Logit model. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, 336questionnaires were collected using the formula Cochrane in crop year 1392-1393.Based on the results of this research, education level, work experience, cultivated areaand land ownership with quantities 0.352, 0.109, 0.318 and 2.296 respectively, have asignificantly positive impact on the number of dependents (-0.317) and has a negativeimpact on the probability of accepting insurance. In this regard, the integration offarmland or offering insurance through agricultural cooperatives is recommended.

Agriculture is one of the most risky activities because facing with uncontrolableconditions like diseases and pests, climate and economic factors which effect on pricefluctuation. Pistachio is one of agricultural produce in which highly faced with climateweather and economic factors. Income stabilization and reduction of its fluctuationfor Pistachio growers should be taken into consideration as one of the most importantobjectives in future. Agricultural insurance for Pistachio is one of the most crucial waysto prevent income fluctuation. The main objective of this research is to investigateeffects on Technical, economic and social factors on Pistachio insurance in Rafsanjancity in 1391-1392. Data collected through 108 questionnaire by using multi stagecluster sampling. The analysis of variances ( ANOVA) used for data analysis processemploying Spss Software.The results indicated that, there is significant differencesbetween farmers who bought insurance with those who didn't buy it, relative to areaplanted, education, water salinity, insurance cost, fertilizer cost and income. But ,thereis not any significant differences in case of age, experience, job, soil texture, labor cost,pest management, and agricultural machinery between two groups.

The Agricultural sector, due to its biological conditions, has always been consideredas a risky activity. The unpredictability of most natural hazards has caused challengesfor farmers and gardeners. The present study endeavored to determine the optimumflowering date of pome and stone fruit trees in West Azerbaijan Province based onclimatic conditions. To do so, the minimum and maximum daily temperature data ofmeteorological stations for a statistical period of 20 years was used. The flowering dateof fruit trees was calculated using growing degree days index (GDD), and then theprobability of these dates at different confidence levels were estimated by the SMADAstatistical software. Later, in order to determine the time zones with a same floweringperiod, the estimated dates were determined in ArcGIS10.2 software based on spatialfactors overlap and interpolation functions on the digital elevation model of the region.Based on the required thermal and climatic conditions for the fruit trees of the region,the flowering date of most pome and stone fruit trees occur in May. The completion offlowering period of plum, blueberry, and cherry trees takes place in a shorter interval dueto less thermal need in the region. The flowering of apple, apricots, blueberry, pear, andpeach trees begins in April in the eastern and southern half of the province. Floweringof cherry trees takes place in May with a-month delay compared with other trees. Thecompletion of flowering period for apple, apricots, and cherry trees lasts until earlysummer at high altitudes and cold areas. The earliest flowering occurs in the easternhalf, around Lake Urmia and in Sardasht, in southern area of the province. Climaticconditions and altitude play a significant role in the completion of thermal requirementsof the phenological stage of the fruit trees flowering period. In West Azerbaijan Province,due to an increase in the height, the flowering date delays a month from east to west.Estimating the flowering period is important to take preventive measures in order toreduce the damage during spring in fruit orchards before the occurrence of climatichazards such as cold, frost and hail. The awareness of fruit trees flowering period andinforming others through crisis management programs can be very influential.

The adoption of desirable policies for increasing production potential and reducingrisk in the agriculture sector is among the government’s programs for economicdevelopment. In this relation, agricultural crop insurance is considered an appropriatemechanism for reducing economic risk in the agriculture sector. This descriptive andcorrelational research intended to study the effects of agricultural insurance on thelivelihood of wheat growers in Kohgiluyeh city. The research sample consisted of 335insured and 335 uninsured wheat growers who had been selected randomly. The facevalidity of the research tool was confirmed by the relevant professors and elite, andits reliability through using the Cronbach alpha method. The results of the researchshowed that , there were significant differences between the two groups of the insuredand uninsured wheat growers (those who adopted the insurance policy and those whodid not) with respect to economic skills, income, saving, banking facilities, accessto public resources, education, knowledge and information, social trust, and maritalstatus. By Considering the results of the discriminant analysis and the ability toseparate the insured group from the uninsured by using the 15 independent variables,“lifestyle” was the most important variable that separated these two groups from eachother. Moreover, since the indicator of social trust was significantly different in the twomentioned groups, we suggest that the larger landowners in the region be consideredas target group for promoting adoption of agricultural insurance policy so that, whenthey adopt it, the ground is prepared for its adoption by the small landowners.

By Considering the importance of agricultural insurance for farmers to decrease therisks of production, and it’s of high value and recognation of effectual factors onaccepting insurance by farmers, and following proper policies toward these variables,in order to increase requests for agricultural production’s insurance. In this surveythe effectual factors on accepting insurance among wheat producers are going to beanalyzed and reviewed using Logit method. The Collectation of ,required data havebeen accomplished by using sampling method by 380 questionnaires in farmingyear of 1391-1392 in kermanshah. In this survey the dependent variable (acceptingthe wheat insurance) is quantitative which is to be measured with “Yes” and “No”.The independent variables include: the farmer’s background (years of farming),wheat farming area on the whole region (hectare), total income (million Tomans)and participating in local assemblies (weekly). By Concerning the Lojit method, theresults of the test are: there is a negative relation between accepting insurance and thebackground variable which indicates that chance of accepting the insurance decreasesas the farmer gets older and older. There is a positive relation between acceptinginsurance and the variable of farming area which indicates that the chance of acceptingthe insurance increases where the farming hecatarage is inceases. There is a positiverelation between accepting insurance and variable of total income which indicatesthat the chance of accepting the insurance increases as the farmer’s income increases.There is a negative relation between accepting insurance and variable of participatingin local assemblies which indicates that the chance of accepting the insurancedecreases as the participating in local assemblies decreases. Some recommendationsto choose proper policies are given at the end in order to increase the acceptance ofagricultural insurance. These recommendations include unification of farming landsalong with using the privileges of scale increasing, and also using insurance policiesand insurance payments based on farmer’s income and ownership.