مجله سازمان نظام پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
سال چهل و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 164، زمستان 1402)

The socioeconomic scenario is facing dentistry at the same time as the unprecedented expansion of the number of dental schools and the excessive increase in student admissions; It has created a situation that, on the one hand, people's oral health does not feel better, nor can a good future be considered for this job. This issue leads to the loss of the main goal of the dental profession, which is to promote the health of society, and on the other hand, it will put the personal lives of dentists under economic pressure, because if a saturated market is created; Even if the dentist aims to promote oral health; under the influence of unwanted competition caused by economic pressures, it may lead to unnecessary treatments; Aesthetic and sometimes additional treatments move. The excessive increase in student admission is now under the problem of the lack of professors in the universities; The sharp drop in the educational level and the lack of educational infrastructure lead to education being lower than the acceptable standard. This study aims to investigate the impact of the current conditions with a forecast for the next ten years to see if this trend will expose the dentists of the current and future generations to the risk of unemployment.

With the increase of human knowledge and science, especially in the field of medical science and the hope to have a long life and increasing skills and expertise in the field of medicine, as well as the demand to perform some unnecessary medical procedures such as cosmetic surgery, the role of medical institutions such as hospitals, clinics, laboratories have become very important and significant in the above matters. According to Iran’s rules, Ministry of Health and Medical Education is responsible for supervising medical institutions, including private, government, charitable, non-governmental public, etc. Also, all medical institutions must follow the rules and regulations of the Ministry of Health. In Iran, despite the sufficient laws and regulations, lack of revision and updating of laws has caused laws to have no deterrent enforcement effect.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or environmental mycobacteria are diverse species that are scattered in the environment and water is one of their important reservoirs. Several factors are involved in the colonization of mycobacteria in water. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria cause a variety of diseases, especially pulmonary diseases, by being transmitted to humans. Isolation of these bacteria from environmental sources is very complicated due to the presence of other microbes. Although NTMs are resistant to some disinfectants and can be isolated from other microbes in the presence of some disinfectants, the important point here is that all mycobacteria aren’t equally sensitive or resistant to disinfectants.

Various methods have been used by researchers to isolate NTM, but a standard method for this work has not been reported as yet. This study is a systematic review based on valid internal medical databases including SID, Magiran, and foreign databases such as PubMed and Scopus.

The search was performed with the keywords NTM, Environmental mycobacteria, and MOTT. All valid and related articles were included in the study, and effective factors in the isolation of NTM from water samples were investigated. The selection of standard medium, the optimum pH, incubation at 30 degrees Celsius, use of CPC instead of other disinfectants, use of filtration instead of centrifuge, and incubation period were effective factors in isolating NTM from water samples.

Considering the vital role of telemedicine in dealing with the epidemic of COVID-19 and other diseases, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of patients referring to the COVID-19 emergency department regarding the provision of medical services through telemedicine.

This study was conducted in the infectious diseases emergency department of Masih Daneshvari Hospital. A questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with COVID-19 about telemedicine was designed and completed by patients. The questions included demographic information, knowledge of patients, attitude, experience and satisfaction of patients in connection with the use of telemedicine in the control of corona disease. Finally, statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Kruskalwallis and Mann-Whitney tests.

Out of the total of 200 participants in the study, 60% were men, 27% belonged to the age group of 40 years and below, 35% had university education and 26% were single. Also, 83% of the people in the study had access to a smartphone and 83.5% had access to the Internet. Based on the results obtained from the present study, the use of telemedicine is directly dependent on the knowledge, attitude and practice of patients, and younger people, with university education and unmarried people were more inclined to use telemedicine services. Also the attitude of women was more positive than men regarding telemedicine use. Patients had a positive attitude towards using mobile applications to receive information, record symptoms, and gain information about Corona.

Although the people present in the study had significant knowledge and attitude towards this issue, they did not have a proper performance regarding the use of telemedicine services and preferred face-to-face referrals to virtual ones. To solve this problem, it is recommended to consider appropriate training for both physicians and patients to improve their familiarity with telemedicine services and increase their confidence in using it. Most importantly, the role of physicians as a key element in improving the performance level of patients should be strengthened; so that by educating patients and encouraging them to use this new technology optimally, an effective step can be taken in advancing the goals of its use.

The estimation of the unit cost and per capita of family physician services is one of the influential factors in the decision-making process of healthcare system managers to determine appropriate tariffs for these services. This study aims to calculate the unit cost and per capita of family physician service packages in the Fars and Mazandaran provinces in 2023.

This applied research was conducted with a cross-sectional and retrospective approach in 2023. The study population consisted of family physicians working in the Fars and Mazandaran provinces. Sampling was carried out using a stratified and purposive method. The required data were obtained from two different sources, including interviews with family physicians and data from the Iranian Society of General Practitioners, the Statistical Center of Iran, and the Central Bank of Iran. The data were analyzed using Excel software.

The total annual cost of a family physician’s clinic was 10.05 billion rials. Out of this total cost, 47.7% was allocated to the technical component and 52.3% to the professional component. Considering the number of minutes of clinic activity in a year, the unit cost per minute was calculated to be 73,500 Rials. Taking into account the average population covered by the examined physicians, if all attending patients are considered to be within their coverage, the per capita cost would be 322,400 Rials. However, if it is assumed that 85% of the attending patients are covered by the physician, the per capita cost would be approximately 274,000 Rials.

Comparing the per capita obtained for family physician services with the approved per capita by the Council of Ministers has shown a significant difference. This difference indicates that the approved per capita is much lower than the unit cost of per capita. Therefore, it appears necessary to revise and reconsider the per capita for family physician service package.

The purpose of the current research was to compare the personality traits, ambiguity tolerance and life expectancy of people satisfied and dissatisfied with the corona vaccine injection.

The current research was of comparative causal type. The statistical population of the present study included all vaccinated people in Karaj city. Among the statistical population, and according to Cochran’s formula, 306 people were selected using available sampling method. The data collection tools were Neo Personality Questionnaire, Snyder et al.’s Life Expectancy Questionnaire and McLean’s Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for data analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between ambiguity tolerance, factorial thinking subscales of life expectancy and neuroticism and agreeableness personality traits in the satisfied and dissatisfied groups of corona vaccination.

According to the results, it can be concluded that psychological factors can be effective in the level of satisfaction with vaccination and paying attention to these factors in epidemics such as the corona epidemic can help health professionals to encourage people to inject vaccines.

The purpose of the current research was to standardize the result of motivation of physical activity and leisure in Iranian society. The design of the current research is a description of the field of type finding according to the nature of that stage and according to the data collection method.

In this study, a tool called the PALMS questionnaire was used to measure these changes in age, socio-economic level, and physical motivational activities. The statistical population of the present study was all the people living in Iran, and similar questionnaires were distributed among 30 people of the statistical sample as a trial before being duplicated and evaluated to evaluate and check the validity and reliability. This distribution is after checking the appropriate order of questions, determining the return rate and response time, as well as the appropriateness of the type Questions and non-overlapping were done and using multi-stage cluster sampling, a sample of 3200 people was selected for this research and 3000 questionnaires were returned. Then the data was analyzed using Spss software and SPSS, SMCSDS, and REMM software were used to analyze the findings. In Iran, the reliability of this questionnaire was obtained by Shahlai (1390) with Cronbach’s alpha method of 0.83, which indicates its acceptable reliability.

Among these methods is the use of the distribution shape, or in other words, the calculation of the skewness of the research variables, researchers believe that when the skewness and skewness of the data is between -2 and -2, the distribution of the variables is normal.

The results of this research showed that this questionnaire It has good reliability and validity.