Iranian Journal Of Nursing and Midwifery Research
Volume:29 Issue: 2, Mar-Apr 2024

Due to the dramatic rise in overweight and obesity, adolescent weight management interventions are required. Therefore, this study aimed to study the components and the effect size of weight control programs for adolescents with overweight and obese.

Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ThaiJo, ThaiLis, and Embase) through December 2021 published in English and Thai, samples aged 15–22 years, and presenting the mean, SD a sample size of both experimental and control groups. However, we excluded articles other than full‑text articles. In addition, a risk of bias assessment was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s quality assessment tool. Finally, this meta‑analysis included six studies that met the criteria. The meta‑analysis used a fixed‑effects model with a forest plot to compute effect sizes and Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics as measures of heterogeneity.

We found six primary studies which included 721 overweight adolescents. The analysis of the effectiveness of weight control programs for overweight adolescents revealed that 360 adolescents with overweight and obese (49.93%) who underwent the weight control programs changed body weight and body mass index values with the effect size of ‑0.80 (‑1.03, ‑0.56) and I2 was 56.00%.

The results indicate further studies should focus on constructing programs that consider adolescents’ changes in technology and lifestyles. Additionally, social and mobile tools should motivate and educate adolescents about body weight control to help them adapt to a healthy lifestyle and maintain weight control over time.

Although shorter labors are the benefits of Early Amniotomy (EA), it may lead to risks such as non‑reassuring fetal testing and cesarean delivery. Also, the effect of cervical ripening to induce labor before amniotomy is unknown. This systematic review and meta‑analysis evaluated the effect of EA on the delivery outcome with or without cervical ripening.

Bibliographic search was conducted without time limit until June 2020. PubMed, Scopus SID Magiran, Cochrane Library Science website, and ISI databases were searched with English and Farsi keywords, including amniotomy, delivery, induced, and pregnancy outcome.

The meta‑analysis on ten clinical trials showed that the incidence of cesarean section was lower (0.89% VS 0.94; relative risk, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–1.30) compared to the group without cervical ripening, and the time to induce labor was approximately 55 minutes (mean difference, 0.91 hour; 95% confidence interval, ‑1.43 to ‑ 0.33).

If EA is performed in women after cervical ripening, the incidence of cesarean section will not increase, and the duration of labor will be reduced. A shorter delivery time is associated with perinatal benefits and greater maternal satisfaction. Furthermore, EA with cervical ripening may reduce monitoring time in busy hospitals with limited medical staff.

Injuries caused by sharp objects are a major health risk for nurses. These injuries can be extremely dangerous and lead to various diseases. The purpose of this study was to establish the pooled prevalence of Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) among nurses in Iran.

This study was a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Eligible articles were searched from five electronic databases (Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) and one search engine. A random effects model was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence. The heterogeneity of the sample was tested using the I2 index, and the meta‑regression function was used to evaluate variables suspected of heterogeneity at the 0.05 significance level. Finally, 21 articles were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta‑Analysis software (ver. 2.2.064).

Based on the random‑effects model, the frequency of NSIs among Iranian nurses is 18.70% (95% CI: 15.10%–22.90%). The highest frequency is recorded in a teaching hospital in Tehran in 2007 (19.80%; 95% CI: 16.40%–23.70%), and the lowest frequency was recorded in a teaching hospital in Tehran in 2008 (17.90%; 95% CI: 14.60%–21.80%). Sample size, mean age, and work experience were significantly associated with and mean and frequency of NSIs in nurses (p < 0.05).

NSIs occur in about one‑fifth of nurses in Iranian hospitals. In addition to its cost burden, the increase in NSIs has negative consequences for nurses. Therefore, health policymakers and managers must take serious action to reduce these injuries.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the level of social health and related factors in nurses.

This systematic review and meta‑analysis were done based on searching English and Persian articles published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct databases, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Iranmedex, and Magiran from inception to January 2022. The mean (SD) of nurses’ social health scores, their various dimensions, and related factors were extracted from the retrieved articles. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager software, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

A total of 36 studies were reviewed for systematic review and 34 studies for meta‑analysis. The total mean (SD) of social health in 9281 nurses was 57.13 (6.82) (on a scale of 0–100) with a 95% confidence interval of 50.31–63.95. Social health of nurses showed a statistically significant relationship with some demographic–personal factors and occupational–organizational factors.

The level of nurses’ social health was moderate which needs to be improved. To improve the performance of professional roles and the nursing care quality, it is necessary for healthcare system managers, especially nursing managers, to consider individual and organizational factors affecting nurses’ social health in planning and decision making and try to increase nurses’ social health. Some of the limitations of this study were that only reviewing quantitative cross‑sectional studies and couldn’t combine words when searching in Iranian databases.

Given the limited presence of students in universities and the closure of educational centers, including nursing schools, during the COVID‑19 outbreak, there has been a significant shift toward e‑learning. However, there is a lack of research in this area. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the experiences of undergraduate nursing students with e‑learning during the COVID‑19 outbreak in 2020.

This qualitative‑descriptive study focused on 12 undergraduate nursing students from the School of Nursing and Midwifery at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. In‑depth and semi‑structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA10 and conventional content analysis. The study was conducted between May and September 2020.

Analysis of the findings led to the emergence of 11 subcategories and two main categories: E‑Learning opportunities and Challenges of E‑Learning, providing a comprehensive description of the experiences reported by the participants.

Unforeseen crises, such as the current COVID‑19 pandemic, can significantly affect the quality of education by disrupting face‑to‑face learning. To mitigate such disruptions, it is crucial to plan and establish infrastructure that supports alternative modes of education, such as e‑learning. Additionally, providing training to students and educators on effectively utilizing digital platforms and producing electronic content can help ensure a smoother transition during crises.

With the prolonged COVID‑19 disease control time, concerns about the caring ability of clinically exposed nurses have increased. This study aimed to investigate Compassion Satisfaction (CS), Burnout (BO), and Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) as elements of Professional Quality of Life among nurses in COVID‑19 settings.

In this descriptive online national survey, 427 clinical nurses who had worked in the COVID‑19 wards from all Iran provinces answered the Persian version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale as the profile tool with three subscales, including CS, BO, and STS. Data were collected using email, Short Message Service (SMS), and social networks from December 2020 to February 2021.

The mean (SD) score of CS was 38.86 (9.00), the mean (SD) score of BO was 18.60 (4.08), and STS was 34.74 (7.02). STS was substantially more prevalent among married nurses whose Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were positive for themselves or at least one family member (p < 0.05).

Clinical nurses who respond to the COVID‑19 crisis are at risk of STS and BO. In pandemic situations like COVID‑19, it is necessary to consider supportive interventions to increase satisfaction and reduce burnout and secondary traumatic stress in nurses.

Cerebrovascular accident dramatically impacts patients’ lives. However, this chronic disease could be managed by boosting self‑care and following healthy behaviors. Accordingly, this trial sought to specify the impact of a training program established on the theory of planned behavior on the self‑care of clients with this condition.

This trial was performed on 80 clients, who were selected using a random numbers table and divided into two equal groups to receive either usual care alone or usual care plus a training program based on the theory of planned behavior (five in‑hospital individual sessions for 5 weeks and weekly phone follow‑ups for 2 months after discharge). Self‑care and the dimensions of the theory of planned behavior were investigated at baseline and 2 months after the last in‑hospital session using the standardized Shah version of the modified Barthel index and a researcher‑made questionnaire, respectively.

The mean score of self‑care was significantly higher in the experimental arm at the posttest (Mann–Whitney = 506.00, p = 0.005). Also, the increase in mean change of self‑care from baseline to posttest was significantly more in the experimental arm (t78= ‑6.6, p < 0.001). Such findings were also found for all dimensions of the theory of planned behavior.

Based on results, nurses and health policymakers can incorporate training based on the theory of planned behavior into routine care programs for patients with cerebrovascular accident to boost their self‑care. The implemented intervention also could be reproduced in other contexts. Hence, further trials are requested to specify the sustainability of the findings.

Quarantine during COVID‑19 disease may be associated with psychological distress and other behavioral problems. This study aimed to investigate depression, anxiety, and stress in self‑quarantined pregnant women at home for 14 days during the coronavirus disease outbreak in Iran.

A cross‑sectional web survey was carried out on 874 pregnant women in all governmental health centers of two cities in Iran using the census method in 2020‑21. Survey data were collected with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‑21. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical tests (Chi‑square, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and logistic regression) at significance level less than 0.05.

Approximately 40.04% (N = 350) of the participants were classified as a self‑quarantine group. The mean (SD) of the stress score was higher for the quarantine group compared to nonquarantine (8.12 (4.95) vs. 5.96 (4.51)) (F2,874 = 25.180, p < 0.001). But there was no significant difference in the depression and anxiety scores between the quarantine group compared to nonquarantine, respectively. Additionally, the adjusted odds ratio for stress score was associated with an unwanted pregnancy (1.993, 95% CI: 1.108–3.587; p = 0.021), younger age (1.707, 95% CI: 1.082–2.692; p = 0.022) and uninsured coverage (2.240, 95% CI: 1.320–3.801; p = 0.003), and complete quarantine (2.027, 95% CI: 1.548–2.654; p < 0.001).

Self‑quarantine during the COVID‑19 pandemic has been related to high‑stress levels, specifically, among women of younger age, uninsured, and unwanted pregnancies. Thus, quarantined pregnant women will need more mental health support and medical supplies.

The professionalization of nursing is one of the goals of academic education, which needs to be nurtured during education, so this research was conducted to study the views and experiences of nursing students and instructors regarding professional growth through role mode nursing instructors.

This was a qualitative study with directed content analysis based on the growing up and role modeling theory in nursing students’ education, which was conducted at two universities in Iran from April to September 2021. The participants included 16 undergraduate, master’s, and PhD students, and nursing instructors selected using purposeful sampling with maximum diversity. The data were collected through in‑depth interviews.

From the data analysis, 689 unrefined primary codes and 76 integrated codes were extracted. The three subcategories of the previous study included “effort to improve educational quality,” “clinical effectiveness,” and “promotion of professional status.” Generic categories were formed based on the grouping of codes. “Effort to improve educational quality” included the six generic categories of educational effectiveness, effective classroom management, comprehensive evaluation, adherence to educational rules, application of knowledge, and efforts to promote research. “Clinical effectiveness” included the generic category of effective clinical training. “Promotion of professional status” included the two generic categories of effective professional interactions and striving for professional independence.

It can be concluded that role model nursing instructors can increase the students’ abilities, and thus, facilitate their professional growth through a combination of strategies based on the generic categories mentioned.

The study aimed to investigate oral health status and its relationship with oral health‑related quality of life in the elderly in Isfahan, Iran, in 2022.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted in Isfahan, with 460 elderly participants. During interviews with the participants, their demographic information, their medical and dental history, oral health‑related behaviors, self‑perceived oral health, and clinical examinations were collected, and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was completed. The final conclusions were made using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) test.

The mean (sd) scores were 45.05 (8.62) for GOHAI, 5.44 (2.96) for self‑perceived oral health, and 18.11 (5.76) for DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth). Moreover, the number of remaining teeth on average was 11.78 (11.89), 39.56% of the participants did not brush their teeth, 40% of the elderly had complete dentures, and 27.17% had dental insurance. After adjusting and modifying the variables, the GLM test revealed that strong predictors for higher GOHAI scores were the higher levels of education (p ˂ .001), the higher frequency of remaining teeth (p = 0.002), more pleasant self‑perceived oral health (p ˂ .001), and dental insurance (p = 0.04).

According to the findings, the elderly’s oral health‑related quality of life in Isfahan was low, which was caused by the following factors: edentulism, few numbers of remaining teeth, high DMFT score, elderly’ non‑adjustment with dentures and their low quality, inappropriate oral health‑related behaviors, lack of complementary insurance for dentistry, and non‑using dental services, and low levels of education.

The transition to parenthood is one of the most challenging experiences in a couple’s life, which can be stressful and difficult. A positive transition period affects the quality of parents’ behavior and the baby’s health. This qualitative study aimed to explain the educational needs of adaptation to parental role among first‑time parents in Iran.

In this qualitative study, 25 participants from a variety of ethnic backgrounds were recruited in Ahvaz, Iran, using purposive sampling. In‑depth interviews were used to collect the data which were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.

Three main categories emerged from the data analysis: “The need for knowledge improvement training,” “The need for psychological adaptation training,” and “The need for sociocultural adaptation training.”

To adapt to the parental role, first‑time parents should be equipped with the knowledge to turn the challenges of this period into an opportunity for growth. Moreover, they need to be supported by their family members, the healthcare team, and the government.

Unwanted pregnancy has many negative consequences in terms of women’s physical and mental health. Resilience is a process of utilizing important resources to maintain mental health in the face of stress. In addition, resilience can be promoted through. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of resiliency training on the mental health and resilience of pregnant women with an unwanted pregnancy.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 66 women in Sabzevar, Iran, in 2020 with unwanted pregnancies, mild or moderate mental health problems, and low resilience. The participants were randomly divided into two groups through a simple lottery. In the intervention group, resilience training was performed once a week in groups of 10‑15 people in six training sessions, each lasting 60 to 90 minutes. Mental health and tolerability were measured using the 28‑item General Health Questionnaire and the Connor‑Davidson Resilience scale before the intervention, and immediately after and 1 month after the intervention.

The mean (SD) of mental health immediately 35.46 (5.59) and 1 month after the intervention 33.73 (3.85) in the intervention group (F = 91.23; p < 0.001) was reduced significantly compared to the control group (F = 94.02; p < 0.001). The results of the mean (SD) showed that the resilience training intervention significantly increased the resilience score in the intervention group 84.36 (8.49)(compared to the control group (49.13) 6.67)((p < 0.001).

Resilience training was effective in promoting the mental health and resilience of pregnant women with unwanted pregnancies.

“Interprofessional Collaboration” is associated with improving the quality of care. The objective of this study was the analysis of the concept of “Interprofessional Collaboration” using a hybrid model.

A hybrid model was used in order to analyze the concept of “Interprofessional Collaboration.” The first phase was the scientific search of texts in all valid electronic databases. The second phase includes fieldwork in which medical, pharmaceutical, and nursing staff were interviewed. Data were collected, reviewed, and analyzed in the third phase.

The four main themes extracted in the theoretical phase included: “attributes of individual, team, organizational, and system.” In the fieldwork phase, three themes and seven sub‑themes were identified: “Dynamism/effectiveness of collaboration, uncertain boundaries of collaboration, advanced organizational culture.” In the final phase, with the combination of the results of two previous phases, the final definition of the concept was presented: “A process that brings together systems, organizations and individuals from various professions to achieve common interests and goals. Achieving common goals and interests is influenced by individual, team, organizational, and system attributes.”

Defining the concept of interprofessional collaboration and identifying its various aspects can be a practical guide for creating and evaluating it in educational and clinical settings.

Comprehensive palliative care for patients with heart failure can be developed by educating cardiac nurses. The current study aimed to design a heart failure palliative care educational program for nurses.

This study was carried out using the multi‑method approach based on two out of four steps of Uys educational program development at Dr. Chamran Hospital, Isfahan, in 2020–2021. In step 1, educational needs were collected through literature review, interviews with 15 patients and 10 nurses, examination of patients’ documents and medical records, and observation. Then, in step 2, the importance and necessity of teaching the proposed topics and the teaching and evaluation method of the items were assessed through two rounds of delphi technique (15 expert panel members). Eventually, the educational program was finalized.

In step 1, the educational needs of nurses were identified in 6 general fields and 26 general learning topics. In step 2, educational needs [specialized knowledge (55% necessity and 55% importance) and social support (33% necessity and 33% importance)], teaching methods (role‑playing, experiential learning, and journal club), and evaluation method (the information analysis method) were removed due to a lack of consensus (11%). Finally, the main parts of the program, including the program mission and vision, general learning topics, general goals, objectives, teaching strategies, and evaluation strategies, were compiled.

This program provides nurses with up‑to‑date information on various aspects of the physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and educational needs of heart failure patients and ensures the provision of better services to them.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic on health systems worldwide has been associated with less attention to maternal support in breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of breastfeeding mothers, during the COVID‑19 pandemic, and the impact of the pandemic on breastfeeding initiation and maintenance.

A qualitative, descriptive study was conducted by means of in‑depth semi‑structured interviews. The study participants included 28 mothers who had children aged 0 to 12 months, lived in Guilan Province, Iran, and had breastfed their children at least once after March 2021. Conventional content analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection.

Data analysis led to the extraction of three main categories and nine subcategories: in the shadow of peace (receiving correct information from reliable sources, observing health and quarantine principles, and enjoying the awareness of not having COVID‑19 [both the mother and the infant]), under the stress (information poverty, invalid and stressful information, and stressful association of underlying diseases), and in the delusion of exposure (refusal to breastfeed, and non‑compliance with recommendations).

Mothers’ breastfeeding experiences during the COVID‑19 pandemic indicate factors such as receiving or not receiving breastfeeding support, quarantine and the resulting stress, and exposure to conflicting information. Mothers felt that their experience with breastfeeding during the pandemic encouraged them to continue breastfeeding, but it is important to support breastfeeding mothers. Monitoring and supporting vulnerable groups such as breastfeeding mothers, for mental health problems during the COVID‑19 pandemic, should be considered during the planning phase.

The magnitude of postpartum depression in Jordan during the COVID‑19 pandemic is under‑documented, and little is known about its potential social, demographic, and clinical correlates. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers with a history of COVID‑19 during pregnancy or after childbirth.

This cross‑sectional descriptive study was carried out in March‑June 2021 among a convenient sample of 109 women with a history of COVID‑19 during pregnancy or after childbirth, who were at a leading hospital equipped to care for COVID‑19 cases in North Jordan. An online survey using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to collect information from mothers with a history of COVID‑19‑positive tests.

Among the total number of women who participated in the study (n = 109), 73 women had postpartum depression. The prevalence of postpartum depression in the present study was 67%. In addition, the study found a positive statistically significant correlation between EPDS scores and being a smoker, delivery method, experiencing severe COVID‑19 symptoms, and being hospitalized.

During the COVID‑19 pandemic, women had a high level of postpartum depression. It would be necessary to follow further the confirmed cases of COVID‑19, and mothers should be screened for depressive symptoms during pregnancy and followed up for antenatal and postnatal care.

Self‑medication is a global concern among professionals and non‑professionals, with a rapid increase in prevalence. The study aims to assess the prevalence of self‑medication and its associated factors among university students.

A cross‑sectional, descriptive study was conducted in three universities, and a total of 817 college students participated in this study.

About 75.40% of the participants reported using medications without a professional prescription. The category of analgesics was the most commonly used in self‑medication (82.80%), while the most common symptom was a headache (81.50%). Almost 74.10% percent of participants who have practiced self‑medication stated that the reason was the “lack of time to consult a physician.” Most participants who have used self‑medication (90.30%) stated that the source of knowledge was “previous prescription.”

Health education programs concerning self‑mediation should be held in university settings to improve attitudes and practices toward self‑mediation.